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. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .

1.
. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .
2.
. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .
3.
. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .

,
( (-), (-)
(-)).

1. armonikitalantwsi_dr3a.fig. Cabri Geometry
II Plus .
).
(
t. , :
(
) .
(t). T
0 ( ).
.
, ,
.
/ ,
. / ....
47

.
2. armonikitalantwsi_dr3b.fig.
(t) (t).
t=0 (
), 0 , , =0t
=2f
0= 0
=0 t
0= 2 0
=-0 t
3. t
(t), (t) (t).
T 0 ( ). .

,
.
armonikitalantwsi_dr3a.fig;
;
, :
( Cabri Geometry II Plus)
=f(t).
=0t ( 0 .. )
-t.
:
1. Cabri Geometry II Plus .
myarmonikitalantwsi_dr3a
.
2. 0 .
3. x,
t. x
t. (
).
4. 0.
, , 0.
( ).
5. -0, =2/
=0t. ( , :
=, == ... ).
-0 . (
).
6. t
f(t). .
7. f(t) t ( ).
.
8. (myarmonikitalantwsi_dr3a).
9.
myarmonikitalantwsi_dr3a
myarmonikitalantwsi_dr3b. ,
/ ,
. / ....
48
(t) (t).
10. (myarmonikitalantwsi_dr3b).
11.
armonikitalantwsi_dr3a.fig
armonikitalantwsi_dr3b .
/ ,
. / ....
49

, .. f(t)=t. 1
,
Cabri Geometry II Plus. ,
,
.
, .
,
Cabri Geometry II Plus. (
) .
f()=
f()=
f()=(),
f()=(+),
f()=+ ...

h=1+1/33t ( h

)
y=3[(/6)t] ( y
)

,
(), , ( rad). x
rad, x/=/180. ,
.
f()= sin sin
( rad). -11. (+2)=
R. , 2.
=3/2, (3/2)=-1 =/2, (/2)=1
( 2). ,
.
f()= cos ,
/2, =(+/2).
.
/ ,
. / ....
50
, 2,
.
1, .
, ,
, .

, , .
, ,
.
f()=() f()=(), , :
-.
2/.
: :
.
, ,
= = .
/ ,
. / ....
51

f()= f()= , , (.. h=1+1/33t).

.
:
, .

( )
.

(, , ..).
, ,
,
.
, ,
.
,
.
/ ,
. / ....
52
(
, CD-ROM ),
.
,
, .
,
.
, .
, , ,
.
,
.

, , .
.

: () , ()
, , ()
,
,

.
, Files\Section_4 CDROM.
Cabri Geometry II Plus .
/ ,
. / ....
53
:
1
f()=
f()=

f()=(),
f()=(+), f()=+ ...

h=1+1/33t ( h

) y=3[(/6)t] ( y
)

/ ,
. / ....
54
1: f()= f()=

. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .

1.
. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .
2.
. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .
3.
. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .
1
: :
.
2
=
=.
/ ,
. / ....
55
1 ( )
trigwnometrikes_dr1a trigwnometrikes_dr1b.

1. ,
(,).
=1,
=2,
2. (
). .
. ,
(
).
.
.
-11
-11
,
1 -1.
3. () ( rad)
; ( )
.
=(180)/ .
4. :
(rad)
-2
-3/2
-/2
/2
3/2
()
trigwnometrikes_dr1a
trigwnometrikes_dr1b; ;
/ ,
. / ....
56
, :
1 ( )
:

.
mytrigwnometrikes_dr1a .
1, 0,2.

.

1.
1 x ( ).
(
) ( ).
, ,
, .
, .. (0, 1).
.
(, ).
(, )
( x ). 1 2.
( ).
mytrigwnometrikes_dr1a.
mytrigwnometrikes_dr1b.
1 2 ,
.

).
x .
/ ,
. / ....
1,
57
2 ( )
trigwnometrikes_dr1c. Cabri Geometry II Plus
.

6. E ( on) o
.
, .
. ;
; .
, 2,
.
trigwnometrikes_dr1c;
;
, :
:
, mytrigwnometrikes_dr1c.
, 1
0,5.
. -1
( -1 -1).
x.
( 0,00
: =() rad).
.
( ,
: =, ).
.

. ( 0,00,

).
.
,
( on).
.
, ,
.
,
.
mytrigwnometrikes_dr1c.
8. (
).
,
. ,
mytrigwnometrikes_dr1d.
trigwnometrikes_dr1d.
/ ,
. / ....
58
9. (mytrigwnometrikes_dr1e)
(
).
, .
. trigwnometrikes_dr1e.
/ ,
. / ....
59
2: f()=(), f()=(+),
f()=+ ...
. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .

1.
. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .
2.
. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .
3.
. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .
1
: f()=3, f()=2,
f()=32.
2
f()=+2,
f()=. f()=2-32.
/ ,
. / ....
60
1 ( f()=3, f()=2 f()=32)

trigwnometrikes_dr2a. Cabri Geometry II Plus
.

1. , ,
, 2, 3, 32.
.
. .
f()=3 2.
, f()=3
f()=.
f()=2 ,
2 2, .
.
2. ;
;
f()=(), , :
-.
2/.
trigwnometrikes_dr2a;
;
, :
( f()=3, f()=2
f()=32)
:

.
1,
0,5.
.
x
.
/ ,
. / ....
61
(=() rad).
, g()=2,
h()=3, f()=32.
( , : = ...
).
.

. ( 0,00,

).
.

.
(
).
g()=2,
h()=3, f()= 32.
( ).
mytrigwnometrikes_dr2a.
trigwnometrikes_dr2a
trigwnometrikes_dr2a1.
/ ,
. / ....
62
2 ( f()=+2 f()=2-32)
trigwnometrikes_dr2b. Cabri Geometry II Plus
.

4. , ,
+2
2.
.
5. f(x)=2x-32x
;
g(x)=22x; f(x) .
f()=+, 0, f()=(+),
=2+2, =/ =/.
f()=2-32, g()=2(2-/3).
Cabri Geometry II Plus f()
:
, f()=2-32
1.
g()=22 /3 .

trigwnometrikes_dr2b;
;
,
:

mytrigwnometrikes_dr2b .
/2 x (
). (/2, ).
x
.
: =()
rad.
.
( ,
1).
2 .
( ).
( )
. ()
. .
+2.
.

. ( 0,00,

).

. +2
/ ,
. / ....
63
mytrigwnometrikes_dr2b.
trigwnometrikes_dr2b.
/ ,
. / ....
64
3: h=1+1/33t y=3[(/6)t]
. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .

1.
. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .
2.
. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .
3.
. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .
1
1 m.
, h=1+1/33t, t
.
. ;
,
trigwnometrikes_dr2d, .
2.
.
, t .
2
y=3[(/6)t],
y t .
. ;
1.
2.
.
, t .
/ ,
. / ....
65

.
.
, .
.

, ,
, ,
.
,

, , ,
.
,
.
-,
, , ,
, , - .
,
.
/ ,
. / ....
66
(, , ..).
The Geometers
Sketchpad.
( , ..).
The Geometers Sketchpad.
The Geometers Sketchpad.
Exploring calculus with The Geometers Sketchpad, Cindy Clements, Ralph Pantozzi, Scott
Steketee, Key Curriculum Press.
http://www.keypress.com/x5521.xml
The Geometers Sketchpad
.
.
/ ,
. / ....
67
:
1:
,

.

:
,
.

.
derive1.gsp derive2.gsp Files\Section_5 CD-ROM.
: ,
..
/ ,
. / ....
68
1

)
The
Files\Section_5.
Geometers
Sketchpad
derive1.gsp
,
f ( x ) = x :

[ derive1.gsp f ( x ) = x ,
, , ,

The Geometers Sketchpad , ,
.
(
), .]
, ,
, , .
, ;
;
[ ,
.
( 0/0),
.]
The
Files\Section_5.
:

f ( x) = x
Geometers
Sketchpad
derive2.gsp
f ( x ) . ;
[ ,
f ( x ) .]
. .
;
[
, .]
/ ,
. / ....
69

, f ( x) ;
[
, .]
f ( f ( xM ) )

lim
( xN ) ( xM )
N M
xN xM
f ( xM ) ;
f (
f ( xM ) ) f .]
/ ,
. / ....
70
2:

,
.

:
,
.

The Geometers Sketchpad :
derive3.gsp Files\Section_5 CD-ROM.
: ,
..
f , g , h f ( x) = g ( x) + h( x) ,
f , g , h , g ( x) h( x) .
/ ,
. / ....
71
The Geometers Sketchpad derive3.gsp Files\Section_5.

,

:

,

(
)
.

f ( x) = x .
;
______________________________________________________________________________
______________________________________________________________________________
______________________________________________________________________________
[
.]
h (
h). ,
h.
______________________________________________________________________________
______________________________________________________________________________
[ ,
, h.]

:
: . (
)
h (
h). ,
h.
______________________________________________________________________________
______________________________________________________________________________
[
, , h.]
.
, .
:
f, f ( x) = x ,
/ ,
. / ....
f ( x) = x .]
72
3:

, .

:
,
.

The Geometers Sketchpad :
/ ,
. / ....
73

: f f ( x) = x ,
f h k.
,
f ( x) = x . (
,
derive3.gsp.)

f ( x) = x , h.
,
x . (
,
.)
h k (h 0, k 0)
.
______________________________________________________________________________
______________________________________________________________________________
______________________________________________________________________________
______________________________________________________________________________
h k (h 0, k 0)
.
[
-.]
. ,
.
:
f,
f ( x) = x , .
/ ,
. / ....
f ( x) = .]
74
4:

.

:
,
.

.
, f ( x) = x 5 x + 6 , g ( x ) =
2
x 5 ,
/ ,
. / ....
75

: f f ( x ) = x ,
f f .
f

f ( f).
f ( x) , ;
______________________________________________________________________________
______________________________________________________________________________
______________________________________________________________________________
[ f , f .]
f ( x ) , ;
______________________________________________________________________________
______________________________________________________________________________
______________________________________________________________________________
[ f , f .]
f ( x ) , 0;
______________________________________________________________________________
______________________________________________________________________________
______________________________________________________________________________
[ f .]
.
______________________________________________________________________________
______________________________________________________________________________
______________________________________________________________________________
_____________________________________________________________________________
[ .]
/ ,
. / ....
76
5:
(, ,
) , .

:
,
.

.

f ( x) = a ( x + ) +
( ) , , .
/ ,
. / ....
77

: f f ( x) = a ( x + ) + ,
f, f ,
f f , f ,

f , , .
, , , ,
( f f ,
) :
==1, =0
______________________________________________________________________
______________________________________________________________________
______________________________________________________________________
______________________________________________________________________
______________________________________________________________________
______________________________________________________________________
[ f ( x) = ( x) + .
-d yOy
f ( x) = ( x) , ,
.]
==1, =0
______________________________________________________________________
______________________________________________________________________
______________________________________________________________________
______________________________________________________________________
______________________________________________________________________
______________________________________________________________________
[ f ( x) = ( x + ) .
-c xOx f ( x ) = ( x) ,
,
.]
=1, ==0
______________________________________________________________________
______________________________________________________________________
______________________________________________________________________
______________________________________________________________________
______________________________________________________________________
______________________________________________________________________
[ f ( x ) = a ( x ) .
- f ( x) = ( x) ,
, .]
/ ,
. / ....
78
,
.
, .
, .
.

,
. ,
, , ,
:
E = UE +UB
E=
1 q2 1 2 1 Q2 1 2
+ Li =
= LI
2C 2
2 C
2
,
,
t=0 , :
q = Q ( t ) i = I ( t ) , I = Q
:
, , Joule,
.
,
.
T = 2 L C f =
1
2
1
LC
.
, , :
f =

A = A0 e t .
R
2L
1
2
1
R
L C 2 L

:
1.
2.
, ,
.
/ ,
. / ....
79
3.
, ,
.
4.
5.

- .

, . :
, ,
, .

, :
, .
(, , ..).
, .
/ ,
. / ....
80
(25Volt).
(2,5Ampere).
(,
, , ..).
( , ..).
. :
(
), ,
, .
, ,
.
,
.
(
, CD-ROM ),
.
,
, .
,
.
, .
, , ,
, .
, , .
,
.
/ ,
. / ....
81

,
.

.

: () , ()
, , ()
,
,

.
. 2

.
,
, ,
.
.
http://www.schulphysik.de/java/physlet/applets/lrc_swing.html
o RLC Plug-in Java Virtual Machine.
java multimedia
physik.
http://physics.bu.edu/~duffy/semester2/c19_LC.html
RL ,
(Boston University). Plug-in Java
Virtual Machine.
2008 : http://ekfe-nikaias.att.sch.gr/.
/ ,
. / ....
82

. , ,
, ,
, .
,
.
-
, , , , , .

(25 Volt).
(2,5 Ampere).
100 F.
300-1.000 .
DB-Lab.
, 1 2 .
, 2 1 .
/ ,
. / ....
83
5 Volt.
, , :
1 (Input 1).
2 (Input 2).
, Multilog, . DB-Lab
,
. :
DB-Lab

. DB-Lab
:
, 1 2
.
: ( ).
: . /
.
.
500,
.
/ ,
. / ....
84
: (1 , 2 ).
: .
: (2 , 1
).

DB-Lab
. :
1.
,
.
.
2.
,
. .
3.
. ,
.
4.
,
, .
.
5.
, ,
, .

DB-Lab ,
, .
,
(. ). .
.

.
.
. ,
.
/ ,
. / ....
85
1:
. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .

1.
. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .
2.
. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .
3.
. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .
,
, ,
. ,
, .

1.
, C=100 F, 300 (2,4 mH

).
2.
5 Volt (: 1 , 2 ).
3.
DB-Lab:
I.
, 6.172
.
II. 10.000 .
;

.
4.
1
2. ,
.
.
5.

.
.
, , ,
.
6.
7.
, , ,
, ;
;
. ,
. .
.
/ ,
. / ....
86
8.

. .
:
1=.
f1=.
9.

.
2=.
f2=.
10. :
T=
T + T2
2
f =
f1 + f 2
2
T = ........
f = .......
11. .
, , ; ,

.
;
,
,
. ()
. ,
, :
t=2,11 ms
8,82
=
4
t 2,11
, /2, ,
.
/ ,
. / ....
87
2:
. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .

1.
. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .
2.
. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .
3.
. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .
,
. ,
.

1.
DB-Lab off line.
2.
.
.
.
3.
,
,
. ,
. .
, 0,
.
, , ,
.
4.
.
, , ,
, .
(Volt)
(mAmpere)
(Joule)
(Joule)
(Joule)
-190,62
0,000436032
0,000436032
t+T/4
2,542
0,000323088
t+T/2
156,00
0,000323088
0
0,000292032
0,000292032
t+3T/4
-1,906
0,000181642
0,000181642
t+T
-97,75
0,000114661
0,000114661
5.
;
;
= + = -0,000321371

= -0.737035 - 73,7%
/ ,
. / ....
88
6.
.
, , ,
. ,
, .
,
.
, ,
.
7.
;
Joule,
,
, .
8.
1
2
k x0
2
1 Q2
2 C
x0
1/C, C

/ ,
. / ....
89
1
2
k
m
f =
T = 2
m
k
T = 2 L C
f =

;

/4

;
;
9.
1
2
1
LC
1
2
m u0
2
1
LI2
2
u=
i=
dx
dt
dq
dt
x = x0 ( t +
u = u 0 ( t +
q = Q ( t +
i = I ( t +
/ ,
. / ....
90
3:
. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .

1.
. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .
2.
. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .
3.
. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .

.

1.
300 .
100F.
2.
5 Volt (: 1 , 2 ).
3.
DB-Lab:
, 6.172
.
10.000 .
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1
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.
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5.

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.
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92
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1.
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2.
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95
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100
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1.
. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .
2.
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. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .

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107
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D = m 2
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113
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Ft .
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;
: x(t), (t), (t), F(t), 0
0 x0, T, m.
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[ : x(t)
t, (t) t, (t)
t ,
x(t) .
, (
)
( 5 )
.]
9. 1.
x t.
.
/ ,
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116
( ).
x(t).
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x-t.]
10.
. .
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: (t), (t), F(t), 0, 0.]
:
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x = x(t ) = x0 t , x0 .., =
.
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2. ,
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B :
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121
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(
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Interactive Physics

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, www.seismos.gr 3 (
).
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: http://www.oasp.gr/.
3
SOL (Seismos On Line) , ()
.
/ ,
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122
,
, ,
, Seismic Waves, The Sound of Seismic.
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(P), ,
(S),
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, Richter.
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, , ,
. , ,
, ,
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1 10 30
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124
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1:
. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .

1.
. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .
2.
. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .
3.
. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .

. ,
, www.seismos.gr (
).
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.
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: http://www.oasp.gr/.
, ,
.

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: , , Seismic Waves, The Sound of Seismic.
( , ...),
.

1. Files\Section_10
\Images CD-ROM.
Wikipedia (http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Seismic_wave) .
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1
2
3
4
2. Files\Section_10\Sounds CD-ROM
.
. , ;
.
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125
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3.
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www.seismos.gr .
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126
2: ( )
, ,
. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .

1.
. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .
2.
. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .
3.
. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .
, ,
, : ()
(P), , ()
(S)
.
,
,
.
:
,
t
.
, t
;
/ ,
. / ....
127

1. x p, s, t.
.
:
x: -.
p: .
s: .
tp: .
ts: .
.
:
x
p =
t p (1)
s =
x
(2)
ts
t = ts tp (3),
(2) =>x=sts=s(tp+t)
(1) =>tp=/p
, :
x = [(p s)/(p- s)]/t
2. ,
Pascal,
.
program seismos_apostasi;
{ }
uses crt;
var x, up, us, dt, tp, ts: real;
begin
clrscr;
{ }
write(' taxytita kymatwn P-->:');
read(up);
write('taxytita kymatwn S-->:');
read(us);
write(' diafora xronoy afiksis dt-->:');
read(dt);
readln;
{ }
x:=((up*us)/(up-us))*dt;
{}
writeln(' :', x:3:2, km);
writeln('enter gia exodo');
Readln;
end.
3. ,
Exit; my5_2b.
[ repeatuntil.
if go to.]
/ ,
. / ....
128
4. ,
1. 5,6 Km/sec
3,4 Km/sec. , ,
.
[ . t
14 sec .]
5. ,
; .
, ...
/ ,
. / ....
129
3: ,
, Interactive Physics
. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .

1.
. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .
2.
. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .
3.
. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .
.
, Richter.
, . ,
, , ,
. , ,
, ,
, , .

.
( ), (
), ...
( , ,
, , ).
, S,
(.. ).
( 3 km/sec ) .
: 2-12 Hz.
, . ,
1 10 30
.

,
.
.
. ,
.

seismos.ip myseismos.ip.
Interactive Physics, ,
.
1. :
9

,
.
.
.

, , ...
/ ,
. / ....
130
2. :
9

0 1.
. ,
3 km/sec =( )x(),
.
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3. ( Interactive Physics

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),

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.
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,
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12,8
500
7,4
500
0,5
7,4
500
0,5
7,4
100
7,4
50
/ ,
. / ....
131
1. ;
, ,
,
.
[
.]
/ ,
. / ....
132
o
, ,
, , :

, Cabri Geometry II Plus.

, ,
, .
,
Cabri Geometry II Plus Interactive Physics, (
).

.

.
, .
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9
.
.

. T
.
,
, -

(, ...), .
/ ,
. / ....
133
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(, , ).

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(, , ..).
Cabri Geometry II Plus Interactive

Physics.
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134
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,
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, , ()
,
,

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, Files\Section_11
CD-ROM.
/ ,
. / ....
135
.
/ ,
. / ....
136
/ ,
. / ....

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,
, Cabri Geometry II
Plus

Interactive Physics

,
,
137
1: ,
,
. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .

1.
. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .
2.
. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .
3.
. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .
x1=1t x2=2t,
( ). x=x1+x2,
( ).

synthesi_dr1a.fig. mysynthesi_dr1a
. Cabri Geometry II Plus, ,
x1-t, x2-t , x-t
. :
1. .
, ;
1 2,
(). ,
.
2. 1 2 .
;
1 2 .
, .
, 1 2 .
3. x.
;
t
, t1 t2 t2- t1.
4. ,
.
.
/ ,
. / ....
138
=1/|f1f2|,
f1 f2 1 2 .
synthesi_dr1b.fig. mysynthesi_dr1b
. Cabri Geometry II Plus, ,
:
5. t (
) .
,
x=x1+ x2. .
=2[((1-2)/2)t][((1+2)/2)t]

mysynthesi_dr1a;
;
x1=f(t).
x1=1t ( 0 .. )
x1-t.
:
newsynthesi_dr1a .
0 .
x,
t. x
t. (
).
1.
x , , 0.
(
).
x1=1t.
( , : x1=1t=).
x1 . (
).
t x1
. .
t ( ).
.
x2 x=x1+x2.
.
/ ,
. / ....
139
2:

. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .

1.
. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .
2.
. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .
3.
. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .
Synthesi_dr2.ip. mySynthesi_dr2.ip
. Interactive Physics, ,
,
. .
:

:
9
, ,
.
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1.
. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .
2.
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3.
. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .
x1=1t x2=2(t+).
x
. Cabri Geometry II Plus
x1-t, x2-t x=x1+x2,
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x1=f(t).
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:
mysynthesi_dr3a .
0 .
x,
t. x
t. (
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x , , 0.
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x1 . (
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x2 x=x1+x2.
/ ,
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142
synthesi_ dr3a.fig
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Cabri Geometry II Plus, ,

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143

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1.
. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .
2.
. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .
3.
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.
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, .
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x = At
2
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f :
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1
2
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m .
.

syntonismos_1a.ip. Interactive Physics, ,
.
1. :
9
, K L0,
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.
2. :
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148
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1
2
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f0
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mysyntonismos_1a.ip .
( Interactive Physics)
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Interactive Physics
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mysyntonismos_1a .

. .

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.
( ).
, .. 10 kg.

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149
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t f0.

.

4. syntonismos_1b.ip
. () .
=0,9 m=0,08.
.
,
(t2-t1) .
:
, =1 m=0,1, =2: f =
1 1
= = 0,5 .
T 2
f
syntonismos_1a.ip.
/ ,
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150
2: 1,

. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .

1.
. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .
2.
. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .
3.
. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .
,
, -
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f. ( )
. ,
,
. ,
, .
,
, f f0
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f0. f f0, . , f=f0 (),
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, .

.
.

syntonismos_2a.ip. Interactive Physics, ,

( ) , .
.
1. :
9
, K L0=1,
.
, m,
.
2. :
9
, 0 1,
1 (N/m).
m , 0 0,1,
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151
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1. 10 sec, =1
m=0,5 f=0 L=0.
f0 , :
f0=0,709
2. .
, f0
L=1 .

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: ,
, , ,
, . ,
,
, .
( , ) x: min 0 max
15 y2: min -2 max 2.
/ ,
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152
( , ) x: min 0 max 15
y1: min 0 max 3.
0,709
f

()
0,00
1,0
0,20
1,2
0,40
2,8
0,50
5,0
0,60
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0,72
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3,20
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f
, . , f=f0 ,
.
, mysyntonismos_1a.ip
. .
( Interactive Physics)
:
Interactive Physics mysyntonismos_1a.
mysyntonismos_2a .
:

. , 2, =2+(A*sin(2*3,14*f*t) ( 1).
f .
, f, .
input , .., input[8], .
1, f, input[8].
, .
:
-
.
3. , 0
m .
, (0,20, 0,35, 0,70, 0,85),
2:
/ ,
. / ....
153

f0
4. , m ,
2.
( 1).
3:
0,23
0,23
96
0,358
0,35
32
0,709
0,70
196
0,843
0,84
>500
3

1 (f)-f
f , .
(f)-f f
/ ,
. / ....
154

,

, .. f(t)=0t. :

pixels.
, .
,
. ( ).
Pascal

: y=, y=, y=y0t
...
1
2

. ,
24 80 (24x80).
, ,
(pixels) (.. 25 mm).
pixels.

, .

, .
Pascal.
Pascal
Pascal, ,

, .
Pascal ,
DOS. Pascal
compiler Free Pascal ,
http://www.freepascal.org/. Free Pascal Other
CD-ROM .
/ ,
. / ....
155
: Pascal
,
. Pascal
.

f(x)=y
(,y), (i,yi).

.
, , ,
. .
, (0,0) ,
.

.

, >0, .
,

, .
y= (,y)
(.. (40,250)).
X , (,Yk) ,
getmaxX. X,
X pixels (rad). , :
/ ,
. / ....
156
=, 0.
X=getmaxX, 2.
, X =(getmax-).
, T :
=, 0.
X=, 2.
X =(-). :
2 pixels.
- pixels.
, <<getmaxX,
( ) :
=2(-)/(-)
(<<getmaxX),
=. , rad a=2(-)/(-).
rad, .
=+step.
-1 1, .
, (monada)
<=Yk. (.. 250 pixels, (40, 250)).
Y=X:
9
=0, X X=, 0=0,

. , (0,0)
(, ).
=/2, (/2)=1,
, =(/2)=monada. ,
(/2,1) (, monadaY),
a=2(-)/(-).
(,)
monadaY<Yk, , , = (<(getmaxX-Xk)),
= :
/ ,
. / ....
157
<<getmaxX
=+step
a:=2**(-k)/(T-k);
=-monadaY*a<Yk
,
.
, ,
,
.
,
.

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:

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158
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Help
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Files\Section_13\Arxeiakathigiti.
: ( Pascal),

.
/ ,
. / ....
159
Free Pascal
, ,
(.. mydocuments/progr/prog_dr1a), ,
(compile, run), .
, . , o
bgi.
/ ,
. / ....
160

Pascal
: y=, y=, y=y0t ...

Pascal . CD-ROM Free Pascal
.
, , .
/ ,
. / ....
161
1:
Pascal
. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .

1.
. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .
2.
. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .
3.
. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .
,

(.. (80x25) ). ,
, , ,
pixels. ,
, , pixels.

. , : (640,480), (800,600), (1024,768)
pixels ... (800,600), (0,0)
, , ,
. pixel , .. , (,), =1
=2 (. ). .
Pascal
Pascal, ,

, .
.
Pascal ,
DOS. Pascal
compiler Free Pascal
, http://www.freepascal.org/. Free
Pascal Other CD-ROM
.
Pascal
(unit) . , program,
, uses graph;. , Initgraph,
mode .
Pascal bgi,
(drivepath) bgi (..
c:/pascal/bgi). ( bgi
, .) :
Initgraph (graphdriver, graphmode, drivepath) :
graphdriver:=Detect; .
graphmode .
/ ,
. / ....
162
drivepath , bgi.

1: pixels.
prog_dr1a ( ), .
, (, ) ,
:
PutPixel (x, y, color): (x,y) .
, ,
OutTextXY, writeln, .
:
X () Y
().
, Pascal
( myprogr_dr1a).
: Free Pascal
, ,
(..
mydocuments/progr/prog_dr1a), ,
(compile, run), . ,
bgi.
Program open_grafika;
{ PIXELS}
uses crt,Graph;
var grDriver,grMode, X,Y: Integer;
begin
clrscr;
grDriver:= Detect;
InitGraph(grDriver, grMode,'bgi');
setcolor(green);
outtextXY (150,10, PIXELS');
{,, }
X:=234;
Y:=245;
PutPixel(X,Y,red);
setcolor(lightred);
outtextXY (X+4, Y-8, 'M');
{EXODOS}
outtextXY (900, 600, 'minimize gia epistrofi);
Writeln (ENTER GIA EXODO)
Readln;
CloseGraph;
end.
/ ,
. / ....
163

Free Pascal :
(Free Pascal IDE).
(graph window applicacion).
, (Free pascal IDE),

, (graph window applicacion)
. .

1. .
:
[ .]
2. myprog_dr1a ,
. , integer step
telos, repeat >=telos.
( myprog_dr1b). ; prog_dr1b
( ), .
:
step:=10;
telos:=345;
repeat
x:= x+step;
y:= y+step;
PutPixel(round(X),round(Y),Lightred);
until x >= telos
3. . ,
.
[ .]
x:=x+step;
y:=y;
,
( progr_dr1b.txt).
/ ,
. / ....
164
2: . prog_dr1c ( ),
.

, Line
.
Line (x1, y1, x2, y2): 2 (1, y1) (x2, y2).
1. myprog_dr1a ,
(pixels) line .
. ,
, myprogr_dr1c.
:
X:=134;
Y:=124;
PutPixel(X,Y,red);
setcolor(lightred);
outtextXY (X+4, Y-8, 'M');
X1:=334;
Y1:=324;
PutPixel(X1,Y1,red);
setcolor(lightred);
outtextXY (X1+4, Y1-8, 'M1');
{ }
setcolor(blue);
Line(X,Y,X1,Y1);
2. , .. ...
[ line.]
,
( progr_dr1c.txt).

prog_dr1d ( ), .
( (0,0))
, ,
. GetMaxX GetMaxY, .
GetMaxX: .
GetMaxY: .
/ ,
. / ....
165
,
( ) line.
(, ) , , ,
: (0, y), (GetMaxX, y), (,0) (0, GetMaxY).
, ,
( myprogr_dr1d).
/ ,
. / ....
166
Program axones;
{ }
uses crt,Graph;
var grDriver,grMode, Xk,Yk: Integer;
begin
clrscr;
grDriver:= Detect;
setcolor(green);
outtextXY (150,10, ');
{ }
xk:= 100;
yk:= 134;
setcolor(lightred);
outtextXY (xk+4, yk-8, 'K(100,134)');
{ }
setcolor(red);
Line(xk , 0, xk, GetMaxY);
Line(0,yk, GetMaxX, yk);
{EXODOS}
Readln;
CloseGraph;
end.
3. myprogr_dr1d, (, )
.
:
{ORISMOS KENTROY}
setcolor(RED);
outtextXY (550,20, 'MINIMIZE GIA NA DWSEIS SYNTETAGMENES KENTROY');
writeln ('DWSE xk ');
read(xk);
writeln ('DWSE yk ');
read(yk);
setcolor(lightred);
outtextXY (xk+4, yk-8, 'K');
writeln ('maximize GRAPH GIA EMFANISH AXONWN');
readln;
4. . ,
getmaxX, getmaxY line,
. ;
/ ,
. / ....
167
:
{ORISMOS KENTROY}
xk:= getmaxX div 2;
yk:= getmaxY div 2;
setcolor(lightred);
outtextXY (xk+4, yk-8, 'K');
/ ,
. / ....
168
2: : y=, y=,
y=y0t ...
myprogr_dr1a ,
Pascal,
.
,
y0t ...; .

f(x)=y,
(, y), (i, yi).

. ,
, , ,
. .
, (0,0) ,
, .
.

, >0, .
,

, .
/ ,
. / ....
169
1:
(, ), .. (40, 250).
. ,
( myprogr_dr2a).
prog_dr2a ( ), .
: Free Pascal
, ,
, (.. mydocuments/progr/prog_dr2a),
, (compile, run),
. , bgi.
Program grafiki-parastasi1;
..
var grDriver,grMode, .
begin
grDriver:= Detect;
setcolor(green);
outtextXY (150,10, ' ');
{ }
xk:= ..;
yk:=;
setcolor(lightred);
outtextXY (xk+4, yk-8, 'K(, .');
{ }
setcolor(red);
Line(..);
Line(..);
{EXODOS}
Readln;
CloseGraph;
end.
, (
progr_dr2a.txt). 1,
( odigies-pascal.txt). xx
, step,
. step,
x .
y=65, 40<x<getmaxX.
myprogr_dr_2a,
. .
myprogr_dr2b. prog_dr2b ( ),
.
var x,y, step: real;
step:= 0.001;
repeat
y:=yk -65;
x:= x+step;
putpixel (round(x),round(y), red);
until x>=getmaxX;
/ ,
. / ....
170
, 65 pixels .
,
( progr_dr2b.txt).

1. step
.
2.
.
2:
y= (,)
(.. (40,250)).
X , (,Yk) ,
getmaxX. X,
X pixels (rad).
, :
=, 0.
X=getmaxX, 2.
X =(getmax-).
, T :
=, 0.
X=, 2.
X =(-).
:
2 pixels.
- pixels.
, <<getmaxX,
( ) :
=2(-)/(-)
/ ,
. / ....
171
(< < getmaxX),

=. , rad a=2()/(-). rad,
.
=+step. -1 1,
. (monada)
<=Yk (.. 250 pixels, , , (40, 250).
Y=X:
9
=0, X X= , 0=0,
. , (0,0)
(, ).
=/2, (/2)=1,
, =(/2)=monada. ,
(/2,1) (, monadaY),
a=2(-)/(-).
(, )
monadaY<Yk, , , = (<(getmaxX-Xk)),
= :
<<getmaxX
=+step
a:=2**(-k)/(T-k);
=-monadaY*<Yk
=
myprogr_dr2b,
. .
myprogr_dr2c. prog_dr2c ( ),
.
var T, monadaY: integer;
T:= 250;
monadaY:=100;
a:=2*Pi*(x-xk)/(T-xk);
y:=yk-Ypsos*sin(a);
.
,
( progr_dr2c.txt).

1. myprogr_dr2c :
M , .. (0, getmaxY/2).
monadaY.
2. , ().
prog_dr2d ( ), .
( .) ,
(progr_dr2d.txt).
3. y=y0t.
/ ,
. / ....
172

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Interactive Physics Function Probe.

armoniko_kyma1.mdl armoniko_kyma2.mdl Files\Section_8

Modellus armoniko_kyma1.mdl Files\Section_8.

Modellus armoniko_kyma2.mdl Files\Section_8.

stasimo_kyma1.mdl stasimo_kyma2.mdl Files\Section_8 CDROM.

Modellus stasimo_kyma1.mdl Files\Section_8.

Modellus stasimo_kyma2.mdl Files\Section_8.

talantosi1.mdl Files\Section_9 CD-ROM.

talantosi2.mdl Files\Section_9 CD-ROM.

Cabri Geometry II Plus Interactive

Cabri Geometry II Plus Interactive Physics.

Cabri Geometry II Plus Interactive Physics.

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Cabri Geometry II Plus, ,

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