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Background of John Dewey
Background of John Dewey
Background of John Dewey
JOHN DEWEY
Born in 1859, grew up in a merchant-class family in New England, influenced mainly by religious mother. Taught high school before taking up studies at John Hopkins Earned Ph. D in 1884 His popularity as a philosopher and psychologist increased while he taught at various universities.
http://www.pbs.org/kcet/publicschool/innovators/dewey.html
Theories focused around practices of practicality; pragmatism. Viewed schools as factory schools. Schools were only used to ready students to become factory workers. Factories were so important due to the industrialization, urbanization, and immigration of the late 1800s. The state is just beginning to have a say in general education. The federal government is still removed from education in this time period.
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1896-The first Dewey lab school was created at the University of Chicago. Deweys focus was on child centered education
Tree Experiment: He had children start in classroom and asked them to draw a picture of a tree. Then he took them outside and had them play in the trees where he also asked specific questions about trees. Then he brought them back to the classroom and asked them to draw a tree once again. The difference between the first drawings versus the second drawings was like stick figures to Van Gough.
He wanted the children to get something out of their education. Through experiments the children got to interact and see new learning hands on.
Respect for diversity, each individual should be recognized for unique abilities, interests, ideas, needs, and cultural identity. Development of critical, socially engaged intelligence allowing students to participate effectively in their community and achieve the common good.
PROGRESSIVE EDUCATION
Hands on learning through experiment, projects, discussionetc. Encouragement to get involved in community Collaborate with one another in the classroom Have a deep understanding through challenging the students through problems, projects, and questions. This was based around the childrens interests and meeting their needs
A fourth grade classroom would be different from other fourth grade classrooms and the following years after the classroom and the curriculum would be different due to getting new students.
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An example of this would be for animal husbandry where the children would take care of chickens and ducks.
DEWEY TODAY
Progressive Education today is called experimental or innovative. It is a curriculum driven by questions and respect for the mind and imagination of the students. While trying to challenge students instead of providing to much information. This goes against the test-prep version of No Child Left Behind. Progressive Education contradicts No Child Left Behind. Educators today are finding ways to incorporate Progressive Education in a post-modern period where we are beginning to focus more on green societies and cultural acceptance.
WESTERN
EDUCATIONISTS
Maria Montessori (1870-1952)
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BACKGROUND
Was
The
first woman doctor in Italy (1896) upon completion her medical studies. to the way children learn whilst treating children at her clinic.
she further her studies in psychology and philosophy. as Professor of Anthropology three years later.
Attracted
1901,
Appointed
1906,
she resigned and work with 60 children in the district of San Lorenzo, Rome.
in Noordwijk, Holland (1952). known for he involvement in childrens education. - Three-time nominee for the Nobel Peace Prize Award (1949, 1950, 1951). - Her struggles and effor still continued through the Association Montessori Internationale (AMI), Amsterdam, Netherlands.
Died Well
CONTRIBUTIONS
1.
Montessori method - Introduced in Casa dei Bambini (Children House). i) children learn faster if they have the opportunity to interact with their environment and manipulative materials. ii) children are able to teach themselves.
2.
Classroom exhibition (Glass House) at International Panama-Pacific Exhibition in San Francisco in 1915. Montessori Training Centre in Laren, Netherlands (1938). A series of teacher training courses n India (1939).
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