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DDC Controler
DDC Controler
by Greg Jourdan Wenatchee Valley College Las Vegas, Nevada March 15-16th, 2010 2:30-4 PM
1. Types and Level of Automation 2. HVAC DDC Control Principles 3. Open Protocol Control Principles 4. DDC Architecture
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5. Examples of DDC Software Programs 6. Typical DDC Control Systems and Applications 7. Present and Future Trends in DDC Controls 8. Getting DDC Equipment in your Schools
3. T F
4. T F
BACNet, Lon, and Tridium are Open Software DDC Integration Tools
The thermistor is linear like the RTD.
5. T F
The Boolean Point is used for converting temperature sensors into useful information.
Commercial
DDC is Designed for Commercial Buildings Multiple Vendors
Industrial
PLCs, SCADA, Ladder Logic, Costly $$$
Schneider
Industrial Automation
Field Panel 1
Field Panel 2
Field Panel 3
LAN Devices
LAN Devices
Sensor Level
Integration Level
Management Level
The DDC Control Cycle and Control Action Can be Very Accurate
Two Position Floating Action Proportional Action PI PID
Proportional Action
Enum - Represents an enumerated state (more String - A string of one or more ASCII characters
and often (if alpha-numeric) with some literal meaning. than two), such as a multi-speed fan with states "Off," "Slow," and "Fast." Enums are often called multi-states or discretes.
temperature, level, rate or similar floating point number, or a varying count (integer).
Numeric
NumericPoint A read only point
Facets Proxy Extension Out
Enumerated
EnumPoint A read only point
Facets Proxy Extension Out
String
StringPoint A read only point
Facets Proxy Extension Out
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Sensors
A sensor monitors and measures a variable. The HVAC variables are temperature, humidity, flow, and pressure. Different types of signals are produced by different types of sensors. They include:
Electric Sensors Pneumatic Sensors
Electronic Sensors Examples of a sensor is shown here. While it may appear to be a thermostat, it is a remote sensor with a remote set point dial. The controller is in another location.
Temperatures Sensors Can be either Thermocouple, RTD, or Thermistor. This Chart Compares the Advantages and Disadvantages.
Controllers Principles The Controller Receives the Input and Processes an Output
The DDC Controller Has 3 Functions 1. Receives the Input From the Sensor 2. Performs a Logic Function 3. Processes an Output
ELECTRIC OPERATOR
VALVE
E-P TRANSDUCER
VALVE
Damper Actuators are Controlled by Either a Voltage (2-10vdc) or Current (4-20ma) Signal from the Controller
Courtesy Belimo
Control Application
Variable Frequency Drives (VFDs) are Becoming Standard Equipment On: Towers VAV Fans Pumps Chillers
Variable Speed Pumps are Used in HVAC Projects for Energy Conservation The Westin Building: Hydronic System VSDs match calculated Building Demand to
Cooling Tower tonnage
http://www.mmtmagazine.org/page/indexa916.html?id=44
Modern Control Systems Tie All Building Systems Together Via a Standardized Networks (TCP/IP, BACnet, LON)
HVAC Life Safety Systems Lighting Security Chillers Boilers Building Switchgear
BACnet Connectivity
Lon
Proprietary
1998
2001
145
183
44
58
588
717
110
231
43
61
604
684
2008
747
90
947
648
78
821
* Units sold and revenue for BACnet, LonWorks, and proprietary systems in the building automation industry, 1998-2008 (Source: Frost & Sullivan, North American Building Protocol Analysis, 2001 #A143-19)
DDC Networks Have Lot of Connections And Dont Always Communicate between the Various Vendors
Application A Application B Application C
Actuator
Sensors
Controller
Actuator
Actuator
Smart Card Access Employee ID Card Physical Access Badge Remote Access Token Combines function into a single smart card on a USB stick
Present and Future Control Systems Will Be Able to Do Anything Money Will Buy Including:
Using Cloud Height Ceilometers
Owners can know the weather without going outside. Performance and reliability in all weather conditions up to 25,000 feet GPS Tracking Systems on each individual in the Building
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Present and Future DDC Controls are Smart at the Field Level
Telephone Thermostats
Talking Thermostats
Present and Future DDC Controls are Smart and on the Internet WEB
Control Individual Lighting Monitor Each Tenants Total KwH Power Control RH and CO2 Provide Customers Options to Control Individual Space or Cubicle Areas via the Web
3. T F 8. T F
4. T F
5. 9. TT F F 10.T F
BACNet, Lon, and Tridium are Open According to EPA and WHO, Americans Software DDC Integration Tools spend approximately 90% of their time The thermistor is indoors. linear like the RTD. The Boolean Point is above used for converting High return air CO2 1000 ppm is temperature sensors an indication of into IAQuseful problems. information. Vents, chimneys, flues must be at least 10 from outside air intakes.
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