Etertretre

TRNG I HC BCH KHOA H NI
VIN CNG NGH THNG TIN V TRUYN THNG

*
TT NGHIP I HC
NGNH CNG NGH THNG TIN
H THNG THU THP D LIU

MI TRNG T XA
Sinh vin thc hin : Bi c Kin

Lp KTMT K51
Gio vin hng dn: ThS D Thanh Bnh
H NI 06 - 2011
PHIU GIAO NHIM V N TT NGHIP

1. Thng tin v sinh vin
H v tn sinh vin: Bi c Kin
in thoi lin lc: 01253538296
Email: kienbuiduc@gmail.com
Lp: K thut my tnh.
H o to: i hc chnh qui
n tt nghip c thc hin ti: i hc Bch khoa H Ni
Thi gian lm ATN: T ngy 20/2/2011 n 26/05/2011
2. Mc ch ni dung ca ATN
Xy dng H thng thu thp d liu mi trng t xa.
3. Cc nhim v c th ca ATN
- Phn tch thit k h thng thu thp d liu mi trng.
- Xy dng phn cng.
- Xy dng phn mm qun l.
4. Li cam oan ca sinh vin:
Ti Bi c Kin - cam kt ATN l cng trnh nghin cu ca bn thn ti di s hng
dn ca Thc s D Thanh Bnh.
Cc kt qu nu trong ATN l trung thc, khng phi l sao chp ton vn ca bt k cng
trnh no khc.
H Ni, ngy thng nm
Tc gi ATN
Bi c Kin
5. Xc nhn ca gio vin hng dn v mc hon thnh ca ATN v cho php bo v:
H Ni, ngy thng nm
Gio vin hng dn
ThS. D Thanh Bnh.
Sinh vin thc hin: Bi c Kin - SHSV: 2006C168 - Kha: 51 - Lp: K Thut My Tnh
LI CM N
Trc tin ti xin gi li cm n chn thnh su sc ti cc thy c gio trong
trng i hc Bch Khoa H Ni ni chung v cc thy c gio trong vin Cng ngh
thng tin v truyn thng, b mn K thut my tnh ni ring tn tnh ging dy,
truyn t cho ti nhng kin thc, kinh nghim qu bu trong sut thi gian qua.
c bit ti xin gi li cm n n thy D Thanh Bnh, thy tn tnh gip
, trc tip ch bo, hng dn ti trong sut qu trnh lm n tt nghip. Trong
thi gian lm vic vi thy, ti khng ngng tip thu thm nhiu kin thc b ch m
cn hc tp c tinh thn lm vic, thi nghin cu khoa hc nghim tc, hiu qu,
y l nhng iu rt cn thit cho ti trong qu trnh hc tp v cng tc sau ny.
ng thi xin chn thnh cm n trng i hc Bch khoa H Ni v cc
thy, c gio ph trch Phng th nghim - Th vin in t to mi iu kin v c
s vt cht gip ti c mt mi trng tt thc hin v hon thnh ti ny.
Sau cng xin gi li cm n chn thnh ti gia nh, bn b ng vin, ng
gp kin v gip trong qu trnh hc tp, nghin cu v hon thnh n tt
nghip.
TM TT NI DUNG N TT NGHIP
ti ny c thc hin nhm xy dng mt h thng c th thu thp cc s liu v
mi trng. Nhm cung cp s liu cho cng tc nghin cu, d bo thi tit, thin tai, cho
quc phng, dn sinh
H thng thu thp cc s liu v mi trng: Nhit , p sut kh quyn, mc nc,
lng nc, nhit trong nc, loi my, cao chn my, cc loi bc x nh cc cc
thit b o, hoc cc h thng cm bin chuyn dng. Nghin cu v xy dng c mt h
thng phn cng tch hp c cc cm bin
Sau khi xy dng c phn cng tch hp cc cm bin th cc d liu o c s
c h thng chuyn v mt trung tm. Ti trung tm, d liu c lu tr, c th c lu
tr vo c s d liu v lu tr ti my ch (server). Ti sever thc hin xy dng mt phn
mm m bm thu nhn c y thng tin t thit b phn cng gi v.
Khi cc ngnh, b, cc b phn khc cn d liu v mi trng c th truy cp vo
my ch ly cc thng tin cn thit phc v cho cc cng vic c th ca ring mnh.
Ngi qun tr h thng c th gim st ton b h thng thu thp s liu qua giao din
ngi dng, hoc thng qua phn mm qun tr.
Cc mc tiu ca n tt nghip:
Tm hiu tng quan v h thng thu thp d liu t xa qua GPRS.

Nghin cu v a ra gii php s dng cng ngh GSM/GPRS
o Thit k h thng phn cng p ng yu cu truyn d liu lin tc, n
nh.
o Pht trin h thng qun l trn PC.
Tm hiu v nh gi chung v kh khn, tnh kh thi, hiu qu cng nh nhu cu v

ng dng ca h thng Vit Nam v trn th gii.
PHN CNG CNG VIC
Phn lm chung
Bi c Kin + Nguyn Ch Thng
Phn lm ring
Bi c Kin
Nghin cu l thuyt:
Thit k mch
o Module GSM/GPRS
Thit k Firmware
o Vi iu khin Atmega128
o MS SQL Sever, C#, Codevison
Thit k mch nguyn l
Thit k d liu.
Vit bo co Slide.
DANH SCH NHNG T VIT TT

T vit tt
Gii thch
ADSL
Asymmetric Digital Subscriber Line
BSC
Base Station Center
CSDL
C S D Liu
GGSN
Gateway GPRS Support Node
GPRS
General Packet Radio Service
HDD
Hard Disk Driver
IP
Internet Protocol
ISP
Internet Service Provider

Mobile Terminal - Thit b u cui mng (trong trng
hp ny 1 Node im o)
MT
OSI
Open Systems Interconnection Reference Model
PDU
Protocol Data Unit
PPP
Point-to-point Protocol
RAM
Random Access Memory
RISC
Reduced Instructions Set Computer
ROM
Read Only Memory
SGSN
Serving GPRS Support Node
SMS
Short Message Services
SQL
Structured Query Language
TCP
UDP
Transmission Control Protocol

Terminal Equipment.
Thit b u cui (Server).
Universal Synchronous Asynchronous Receiver
Transmitter
User Datagram Protocol
VPN
Virtual Private Network
WAN
Wide Area Network
TE
UASRT
DANH MC CC HNH NH
Figure 1: M hnh tng quan h thng ........................................................................... 13
Figure 2:M hnh tng quan thit cc Modul phn cng. .............................................. 14
Figure 3:M hnh tng quan thit cc Modul phn mm ............................................... 15
Figure 4: M hnh Server ............................................................................................... 15
Figure 5: M hnh 1 im o.......................................................................................... 16
Figure 6: Kit Atmega16L ............................................................................................... 17
Figure 7: Kit Pic ............................................................................................................. 17
Figure 8: Kit ARM9 ....................................................................................................... 17
Figure 9: Kit SIM548 ..................................................................................................... 18
Figure 10: Wavecom Module......................................................................................... 18
Figure 11: Kit Freescale ................................................................................................. 18
Figure 12: Cu trc GPRS c pht trin da trn mng GSM .................................. 20
Figure 13: Cu trc cc lp a ch IP ............................................................................ 23
Figure 14: Dng thc ca gi tin IP ............................................................................... 24
Figure 15: Cng truy nhp dch v TCP ........................................................................ 24
Figure 16: Cu trc chung ca gi d liu ..................................................................... 29
Figure 17: Cu trc phn d liu gi v ........................................................................ 30
Figure 18: Cu trc d liu ca 1 cm bin ................................................................... 30
Figure 19: M hnh quan h c s d liu ..................................................................... 32
Figure 20: S chn Atmega128 ................................................................................. 35
Figure 21: Bn b nh chng trnh Atmega128 ..................................................... 41
Figure 22: Bn b nh SRAM Atmega128 ............................................................... 42
Figure 23: Thanh ghi a ch EEPROM ......................................................................... 43
Figure 24: Thanh ghi d liu EEPROM ........................................................................ 43
Figure 25: Thanh ghi iu khin EEPROM ................................................................... 43
Figure 26: Cu hnh chn ca DS18B20 ........................................................................ 48
Figure 27: S khi ca DS18B20 ............................................................................. 49
Figure 28: Thanh ghi nhit ........................................................................................ 50
Figure 29: Cp ngun k sinh cho DS18B20 trong qu trnh bin i A/D .................. 52
Figure 30: Cp ngun cho DS18B20 vi ngun ngoi .................................................. 52
Figure 31: M ROM 64-bit ............................................................................................ 53
Figure 32: Bn nh ca DS18B20 ............................................................................ 53
Figure 33: Thanh ghi cu hnh ....................................................................................... 54
Figure 34: Cu hnh phn gii o nhit .......................................................................... 54
Figure 35: Cu hnh phn cng ...................................................................................... 55
Figure 36: 64-bit ca m ROM ...................................................................................... 56
Figure 37: Giao din DXP.............................................................................................. 59
Figure 38: To th vin trong DXP ............................................................................... 60
Figure 39: Thm th vin schematic v pcb .................................................................. 60
Figure 40: V linh kin trong schematic ........................................................................ 61
Figure 41: V linh kin trong PCB ................................................................................ 61
Figure 42: Add th vin pcb vo schematic................................................................... 62

Figure 43: Khi ngun ................................................................................................... 63
Figure 44: Khi thch anh ngoi .................................................................................... 63
Figure 45: Khi vi iu khin ........................................................................................ 64
Figure 46: Atmega128 thc t........................................................................................ 65
Figure 47: Khi SIMCOM300CZ .................................................................................. 65
Figure 48: Sim300CZ v Conector thc t .................................................................... 66
Figure 49: Khi n bo tn hiu.................................................................................... 66
Figure 50: S Sim-Holder ......................................................................................... 67
Figure 51: SimHolder thc t ......................................................................................... 67
Figure 52: S Schematic mch.................................................................................. 68
Figure 53: S mch in ............................................................................................... 69
Figure 54: Mch hon thnh .......................................................................................... 70
Figure 55: Thao tc truyn nhn d liu vi AT Command .......................................... 70
Figure 56: S khi Server v cc im truy cp. ...................................................... 75
Figure 57: Lu thut ton ng nhp h thng. ........................................................ 76
Figure 58: Lu thut ton kt ni .............................................................................. 77
Figure 59: Lu thut ton cp nht d liu ............................................................... 78
Figure 60: Giao din Form Main ................................................................................... 79
Figure 61: Kim tra a ch IP Internet Server ............................................................... 80
Figure 62: Cu hnh m cng cho Modem ADSL. ........................................................ 80
Figure 63: Server trng thi truyn nhn d liu thnh cng ..................................... 81
Figure 64: Giao din form ng nhp ........................................................................... 81
Figure 65: Giao din Form Thng k chi tit im o................................................... 82
Figure 66: Giao din Form Chn thng tin in bo co .................................................. 82
Figure 67: To Socket bng Thread. .............................................................................. 89
DANH MC BNG
Table 1: Phng n vi iu khin .................................................................................. 19
Table 2:Bng lit k mt vi cng TCP ph bin .......................................................... 25
Table 3: C php lnh AT .............................................................................................. 27
Table 4: Bng Ti khon ................................................................................................ 31
Table 5: Bng Loi cm bin ......................................................................................... 31
Table 6: Bng im o .................................................................................................. 31
Table 7: Bng Nhit .................................................................................................. 31
Table 8: Bng p Sut ................................................................................................... 32
Table 9: Port A ............................................................................................................... 36
Table 10: Port B ............................................................................................................. 37
Table 11: Port C ............................................................................................................. 37
Table 12: Port D ............................................................................................................. 38
Table 13: Port E ............................................................................................................. 38
Table 14: Port F .............................................................................................................. 39
Table 15: Port G ............................................................................................................. 40
Table 16: Dung lng SRAM ........................................................................................ 41
Table 17: c im SIMCOM300CZ ............................................................................ 48
Table 18: M t cc chn ca DS18B20 ........................................................................ 49
Table 19: Quan h Nhit /D liu .............................................................................. 51
Table 20: Thng tin tm kim bit ................................................................................... 57
Table 21: Dy tm kim 1-Dy....................................................................................... 57
Table 22: Hng chn l trnh ....................................................................................... 58
Table 23: Gii thch lnh AT Command ........................................................................ 72
Table 24: So snh TCP UPD ...................................................................................... 74
Table 25: Bng giao tip trong mng ............................................................................. 86
Table 26: Cc phng thc dng trong Thread ............................................................. 87
Table 27: Cc thuc tnh dng trong Thread ................................................................. 88
MC LC
PHIU GIAO NHIM V N TT NGHIP ........................................................ 1
LI CM N .................................................................................................................. 2
TM TT NI DUNG N TT NGHIP ............................................................. 3
PHN CNG CNG VIC ............................................................................................ 4
DANH SCH NHNG T VIT TT ......................................................................... 5
DANH MC CC HNH NH ...................................................................................... 6
DANH MC BNG ........................................................................................................ 8
MC LC ........................................................................................................................ 9
PHN 1: T VN V NH HNG GII PHP ......................................... 12
CHNG 1: T VN ..................................................................................... 12
1.V phng din kh tng thy vn ................................................................... 12
2.V phng din con ngi v sn xut ............................................................... 12
3.Vn t ra ....................................................................................................... 12
CHNG 2: TNG THIT K ........................................................................ 13
1.Tng quan h thng ............................................................................................. 13
2.Vn lin quan v phng n la chn ............................................................ 15
2.1 Thit k u cui .......................................................................................... 15
2.2 Thit k mt im thu thp .......................................................................... 16
CHNG 3: C S L THUYT .......................................................................... 20
1. S lc v GPRS................................................................................................ 20
1.1 M hnh h thng thu thp d liu qua mng GPRS ................................... 21
2. Giao thc TCP/IP ............................................................................................... 22
2.1 Tng qut ..................................................................................................... 22
2.2 Giao thc IP ................................................................................................. 22
2.3 Giao thc iu khin truyn d liu TCP .................................................... 24
3. Tp lnh AT Command ...................................................................................... 25
3.1 C php ca lnh AT.................................................................................... 26
3.2 Thc thi lnh AT .......................................................................................... 27
4. Microsoft SQL Server ........................................................................................ 27
PHN 2: PHN TCH V THIT K H THNG ................................................... 29
CHNG 1: THIT K D LIU .......................................................................... 29
1. Pha Client .......................................................................................................... 29
2.Pha Server .......................................................................................................... 30
2.1 C s d liu ................................................................................................ 30
2.2 Cc bng d liu ........................................................................................... 30
2.3 M hnh quan h........................................................................................... 32
2.4 Nhn, bc tch v lu tr d liu trn Server .............................................. 33
CHNG 2: THIT K PHN CNG (CLIENT) ................................................. 34
1. Gii thiu tng qut v vi iu khin Atemega 128 .......................................... 34
1.1 S chn ca Atmega128 .......................................................................... 35
1.1.1 Port A (PA70) ..................................................................................... 36
1.1.2 Port B (PB70) ..................................................................................... 36
1.1.3 Port C (PC70) ..................................................................................... 37

1.1.4 Port D (PD70) ..................................................................................... 37
1.1.5 Port E (PE70)...................................................................................... 38
1.1.6 Port F(PF70) ....................................................................................... 39
1.1.7 Port G(PG40) ...................................................................................... 39
1.2 B nh AVR Atmega128 ............................................................................. 40
1.2.1 EEPROM Data Memory b nh d liu EEPROM ............................ 42
1.2.2 Thanh ghi a ch EEPROM EEARH v EEARL............................... 42
1.2.3 Thanh ghi d liu EEPROM EEDR .................................................... 43
1.2.4 Thanh ghi iu khin EEPROM EECR .............................................. 43
1.3 USART ........................................................................................................ 44
1.4 B chuyn i ADC ................................................................................... 45
2. Gii thiu chung v Simcom 300CZ Simcard Holder .................................... 45
2.1 Sim300CZ .................................................................................................... 45
3. Cm bin nhit .............................................................................................. 48
3.1 Cu hnh chn ............................................................................................... 48
3.2 Tng quan v DS18B20 ............................................................................... 49
3.3 Hot ng o nhit .................................................................................. 50
3.4 Cp ngun cho DS18B20 ............................................................................. 51
3.5 M ROM 64-bit ............................................................................................ 52
3.6 B nh .......................................................................................................... 53
3.7 Thanh ghi cu hnh ....................................................................................... 54
3.8 H thng bus 1-Dy ..................................................................................... 54
3.9 Cu hnh phn cng...................................................................................... 54
3.10 Thut ton Search ROM............................................................................. 55
4. Thit k phn cng chi tit ................................................................................. 58
4.1 Giao din DXP ............................................................................................. 58
4.2 Hng dn xy dng th vin cho DXP ...................................................... 59
4.3 Chi tit cc khi: .......................................................................................... 62
4.3.1 Khi ngun ............................................................................................. 62
4.3.2 Khi to xung cho ate ............................................................................. 63
4.3.4 Khi vi iu khin .................................................................................. 64
4.3.5 Khi sim300 ........................................................................................... 65
4.3.6 Khi n bo .......................................................................................... 66
4.3.7 S simholder ...................................................................................... 66
4.3.8 S ton mch ..................................................................................... 68
4.3.9 S mch in ......................................................................................... 69
4.3.9 Mch hon thnh ............................................................................... 69
4.4 Thao tc tp lnh AT Command truyn nhn d liu qua GPRS. .......... 70
CHNG 3: THIT K PHN MM (SERVER) .................................................. 73
1. GPRS TCP server v cc chc nng c bn ...................................................... 73
1.1 Tng qut v GPRS Server .......................................................................... 73
1.2. Chc nng ca Server ................................................................................. 74
1.3. Cc tnh nng chnh ca Server ................................................................... 74
10
1.4. S khi ................................................................................................... 74

1.5. La chn thit b v phng n cho Server ............................................... 75
2. S thut ton.................................................................................................. 76
2.1 Lu ng nhp h thng ......................................................................... 76
2.2 Lu Kt ni Client Server .................................................................... 77
2.3 Lu Cp nht d liu sau kt ni thnh cng.......................................... 78
3. Lm vic vi GPRS Server ................................................................................ 79
3.1 Giao din chnh ca Server .......................................................................... 79
3.2 Giao din ng nhp..................................................................................... 81
3.3 Giao din thng k chi tit im o ............................................................. 82
3.4 Giao din chn in bo co ........................................................................... 82
PHN 3: KT LUN .................................................................................................... 83
PH LC ....................................................................................................................... 84
1. Socket ..................................................................................................................... 84
2. Gii thiu v NameSpace System.Net v System.Net.Sockets ............................. 85
2.1 Lp IPAdress.................................................................................................... 85
2.2 Lp IPEndPoint ................................................................................................ 85
2.3 Lp DNS .......................................................................................................... 86
2.4 NameSpace System.Net.Sockets ...................................................................... 86
3. Threading ............................................................................................................... 86
3.1 Mt s khi nim .............................................................................................. 86
3.2 S dng Thread trong cc chng trnh .Net ................................................... 87
3.2.1 Mt s phng thc thng dng ............................................................. 87
3.2.2 Mt s thuc tnh thng dng. ............................................................... 88
3.2.3 To mt tuyn trong C# ............................................................................ 88
3.2.4 S dng Thread trong cc chng trnh Server ........................................ 88
TI LIU THAM KHO .............................................................................................. 90
11
PHN 1: T VN V NH HNG GII PHP

CHNG 1: T VN
1.V phng din kh tng thy vn
Trong nhng nm gn y do s tc ng ca con ngi kh hu c nhng
thay i v cng to ln: hiu ng nh knh, cc cn bo cng cc mnh, sng
thn, ng t, l lt Nhng thm ha ny ngy cng c cp ti nhiu hn trn
cc bn tin thi s, d bo thi tit, vi mc v mt rt kh lng. Chng
gy cho hnh tinh xanh ca chng ta nhng tn tht kinh hong v mng sng ca
con ngi v thit hi cho nn kinh t ton cu.
2.V phng din con ngi v sn xut

Con ngi l nhn t chnh trong vic lao v sn xut ra ca ci vt cht cho x
hi hin nay, v vy nhn t con ngi lun phi c ch trng v c to mi iu
kin thun li nht c iu kin pht trin. Bn cnh , cc sn phm lm ra cng
cn c bo qun trong mt iu kin nht nh v ph hp c c cht lng tt
nht phc v nhu cu sng ca chng ta.
Hin nay trong cc nh my hay trong cc kho bi lu tr ca cc khu cng
nghip hoc x nghip sn xut cn ang rt th s, iu kin v mi trng cha c
qun l v theo di cn thn v vy gy ra rt nhiu tn tht v mt sc khe con ngi
cng nh cht lng sn phm sau xut kho.
3.Vn t ra
Mt thc t m chng ta c th nhn thy khi nhn vo nhng con s thit hi do
thin tai gy ra, y l nhng tn tht v cng to ln. Bn cnh vic cung cp mt
mi trng lm vic m bo sc khe cho con ngi v theo di kho bi lu tr s n
phm u ra sau mt qu trnh sn xut t tiu chun l v cng cn thit. Yu cu
cp thit l phi c mt h thng o c chnh xc cc s liu v mi trng, t cc s
liu thu thp c, chng ta s c th tnh ton, nghin cu a ra cc d bo ng
nht, iu chnh nhanh v sm nht c th gim c nhng tc hi do mi trng
v thin tai gy ra. Ngoi ra ta cn c th cung cp cc s liu cho cc nghnh khc:
nh xy dng, quc phng, an ninh
12
CHNG 2: TNG THIT K

1.Tng quan h thng
Figure 1: M hnh tng quan h thng
Xy dng mt h thng c kh nng thu thp tnh ton x l thng tin cc d

liu mi trng nhm h tr tt hn cho nghin cu cng nh d bo trc cc thm
ha, phc v cho cc hot ng iu tra c bn v d bo kh tng, thy vn, quan
trc mi trng khng kh v nc. Nhm phc v cng tc phng chng thin tai,
pht trin kinh t - x hi v m bo an ninh, quc phng trong phm vi c nc.
H thng ny gip cho vic thu thp d liu thun tin d dng nhanh chng.
Gii php s dng cc cng ngh hin i nh in t, vin thng, iu khin t ng
ph hp vi c th ca a hnh cn o c cc d liu mi trng nhm tng tnh
hiu qu qu trnh thc hin.
H thng thu thp d liu mi trng t xa l tp hp cc thit b phn cng
(Client) v phn mm (Server).
Phn cng phi p ng cc yu cu thit k nh sau:
13
Phn cng c kh nng o c cc thng s ca mi trng cc v tr khc

nhau.
C th gi cc d liu o c tnh ton v trung tm (Sever).
p ng c cc yu cu v tc truyn d liu, gi thnh, chnh xc.
Figure 2:M hnh tng quan thit cc Modul phn cng.
tng thch vi phn cng thit k th bn trung tm phi xy dng mt

phn mm ng nht nhn c cc d liu m phn cng gi v. Phn mm cn
p ng mt s yu cu sau:
Qun l nhiu v tr im o khc nhau.
Cp nht c thng s d liu c lin tc t cc im o gi v.
Giao din thn thin, d dng x dng,
Thng k, bo co theo thi gian v a im t cc d liu nhn c.
m bo tnh thng nht, ng b v d liu o c vi Client.
14
Figure 3:M hnh tng quan thit cc Modul phn mm
2.Vn lin quan v phng n la chn

2.1 Thit k u cui
Figure 4: M hnh Server
Do c th ca m hnh thu thp d liu l khong cch xa nn phng thc

truyn d liu tt yu c s dng khng dy.
Yu cu bn sever cn mt my tnh c kt ni vi internet qua mt model
ADSL tc truyn d liu c th khong 1kb/s. Theo tnh ton d liu th c th
15
truyn ti qua l d liu ca 22 cm bin trong mt ln truyn d liu, thng tin ca 22

cm bin ny chim 2+22x7 bytes = 157 bytes tc 1kb/s l ph hp, c th dng cc
gi c tc truyn d liu cao hn.
My tnh cn mt a ch IP tnh cc thit b thu thp d liu c th gi n
c sever.
Dch v IP tnh th cc nh cung cp mng c th cung cp cho chng ta, gi
thnh cho dch v ny khong 500k n 700k vnd trn mt thng, ngoi ra cng c
dng mng o VPN s dng IP tnh ca sever ca cng ty sn c.
My tnh sever khng yu cu cao v cu hnh ch cn nhng my tnh c kh
nng truy cp c mng, nhng v phn c s d liu do vic thu thp d liu l
thng xuyn v lin tc nn khi lng d liu lu tr li l tng i ln. Trung
bnh khong 20s th d liu gi v v c khong 10 cm bin th d liu lu tr khong
1k. Vy trong 1 ngy d liu lu tr mt 4MB. 1 nm 1460MB = 1.426G.
2.2 Thit k mt im thu thp
Figure 5: M hnh 1 im o
Ti mt im thu thp d liu th ta c mt s phng n la chn gii php v

thit k phn cng
Gii php th 1: ta c th mua sn mt modul c sn cc tnh nng c theo yu
ca mnh. u im ca phng n ny khng phi lm phn cng ch cn vit phn
mm hot ng. Nhc im: chi ph gi thnh ca sn phn s ln, s c nhiu
phn ta khng cn s dng trong modul ny, c bit ta khng th can thip su c
vo phn cng.
Gii php th 2: s dng nhiu module ni ghp vi nhau y ta s dng 2
module vi iu khin v module GPRS dng mng GSM.
16
i vi module CU th trn th trng c nhng kit chuyn dng lm vic

vi cc cm bin nh:dng kit cho atmegaxx , dng kit cho chip pic, dng chip AVR
Figure 6: Kit Atmega16L
Figure 7: Kit Pic
Figure 8: Kit ARM9

17
S dng cc kit ny c tin cy cao h tr tt. Nhng vi nhng kit ny th

chng ta cng khng th s dng ht cc chc nng ca kit gy ra vic lng ph trong
vic s dng.
i vi module GPRS trn th trng hin nay cng c nhiu hng tung ra cc
sn phm mi v cc module truyn nhn GPRS nh simcom , wavecom, chip simen,
freescale
Figure 9: Kit SIM548
Figure 10: Wavecom Module
Figure 11: Kit Freescale
18
Gii php th 3: thit k t u a ra mt module hon chnh ch s dng ph

hp cho h thng ny. Gii php ny l ti u nht hon chnh cho h thng nhng v
mt cng ngh v kh nng th khng cho php thc hin.
Trong 3 phng n ra th chng em la chn gii php th 2 xy dng mt
phn cng gm hai module chnh v vi iu khin hoc hn v mt module GPRS.
Module v vi iu khin.
Tc x l
B nh
Thanh ghi
Cng giao tip
Cng ADC
USART
Atmega128L
16Mhz
128k (Flash)
Arm lpc2378
up to 72 MHz.
512 kB
Pic 16F877
20 MHz
Up to 8K x 14
words of Flash
Program Memory,
a ch, d liu, a ch, d liu, a ch, d liu,
iu khin
iu khin
iu khin
A, B, C, E, F, G
A,B,C,D,E
F(8 chn)
8
8
2
4
1
Table 1: Phng n vi iu khin
y la chn vi iu khin atmega128L c 8 chn ADC v c 2 cng Com

cho php giao tip vi my tnh v c th kt ni vi mt boad khc qua cng Com.
Module GPRS:
Trong cc hng h tr module GPRS truyn d liu Simcom , wavecom, chip
simen, freescale chng em la chn module GPRS ca Simcom gi thnh va phi,
d dng s dng giao tip vi cc vi iu khin.
hai module trn hot ng tt v n nh cn cung cp mt ngun chun cho
c hai module trn. Tnh n c hai phng n s dng ngun in li 220V, v s
dng pin phng trng hp nu nh b mt in.
19
CHNG 3: C S L THUYT
1. S lc v GPRS
Dch v gi v tuyn gi chung GPRS (General Packet Radio Service) l mt
cng ngh mi nhm cung cp nhng dch v gi IP u cui ti u cui qua mng
GSM, cho php trin khai v cung cp nhng ng dng internet v tuyn cho mt s
lng ln ngi s dng dch v vin thng di ng.
GPRS c pht trin da trn nn tng ca h thng mng GSM. Gii php
GPRS ca Ericsson c thit k y nhanh vic trin khai GPRS m vn gi cho
chi ph u vo thp. Cc khi chc nng ca mng GSM hin nay ch cn c nng
cp phn mm, ngoi tr BSC (Base Station Center) phi c nng cp phn cng.
Hai nt mng mi c gii thiu, l SGSN (Serving GPRS Support Node) v
GGSN (Gateway GPRS Support Node) nhm b sung chc nng chuyn mch gi bn
cnh chc nng chuyn mch mch ca mng.
Figure 12: Cu trc GPRS c pht trin da trn mng GSM
SGSN c nhim v to tuyn v qun l a ch IP. SGSN cng vi cc u cui

GPRS hnh thnh cc knh truyn logic cho php vic truyn nhn cc gi IP.
20
GGSN ng vai tr kt ni cc u cui GPRS trong mng n cc ISP

(Internet Service Provider) bn ngoi, hoc kt ni gia cc mng GPRS vi nhau.
Cc SGSN v GGSN lin kt vi nhau v to thnh mt mng IP xng sng
lm nn tng cho dch v GPRS.
Mt s c im ca GPRS:
Tc : GPRS s dng phng thc chuyn mch gi. Tc kt ni cao
hn, c th t ti khong 56-118kbps, so vi mng GSM truyn thng ch
l 9,6kbps. Bng vic kt hp cc khe thi gian chun GSM, tc theo l
thuyt c th t ti 171,2kbps. Tuy nhin, tc 20-50kbps l kh thi hn
trong thc t
Kt ni lin tc: GPRS l dch v kt ni lin tc, m khng cn phi quay
s. y khng phi l mt tnh nng duy nht c GPRS, nhng s khng
c tr ngi no n tr thnh tnh nng then cht khi chuyn tip ln 3G.
N gip cho cc thit b tip nhn cc dch v mt cch tc thi
Cc ng dng gi tr gia tng mi v tt hn: Kt ni truyn d liu tc
cao v lin tc cho php cc ng dng internet v cc dch v nh hi thoi
hnh c th c thc hin trn cc thit b di ng hay chuyn ti my PC.
Chi ph u t v vn hnh: Cc nh cung cp dch v mng di ng khng
cn phi bt u t vch xut pht c th trin khai GPRS. GPRS c
nng cp t mng GSM c.
Cc ph dch v truyn ti d liu bng GPRS thng c tnh trn lu
lng truyn ti, trong khi phng php truyn thng s dng chuyn
mch knh c tnh da trn thi gian kt ni, khng ph thuc vo vic
ngi s dng ang truyn ti d liu hay trng thi ngh.
1.1 M hnh h thng thu thp d liu qua mng GPRS

Vi tnh nng kt ni vi cc h thng mng bn ngoi thng qua GGSN, GPRS
cho php thit lp mt ng truyn t u cui thu bao mng GSM s dng dch v
GPRS n mt u cui ca cc h thng mng khc, qua cho php thit k mt h
thng thu thp d liu rt linh ng.
Trong cc ng dng thng thng, vic phn tch, lu tr, vn hnh da trn d
liu thu thp c t cc u cui mng GPRS s c thc hin bi mt my tnh, v
y l cc thao tc phc tp v i hi nhiu ti nguyn. Do vic thit lp mt lin
kt gia u cui mng GPRS v my tnh l cn thit. Vi li th v h thng c s
21
h tng rng khp v kh nng truyn nhn d liu tc cao, ng tin cy, phng n
ti u l lin kt thng qua Internet.
D liu s c trao i gia u cui thu bao GPRS v my tnh thng qua
cc gi IP, v da trn cc protocol TCP/UDP. Ty theo kh nng h tr ca u cui
thu bao GPRS c th s dng cc protocol cc lp ng dng cao hn.
Vi cc m hnh n gin, nhu cu v x l d liu khng cao, c th la chn
cc phng n n gin hn nh:
S dng dch v SMS: khng cn thng qua GPRS.
Truyn nhn d liu gia cc u cui GPRS: phng n ny hon ton c
th thc hin c, tuy nhin tc d liu kh thp, v lm tng chi ph
dch v.
Vi u cui mng GPRS, c nhiu sn phm ph hp vi yu cu ca h
thng. in hnh l cc modem GSM c h tr GPRS. Thit b ny c cung cp bi
nhiu hng, nh Sony Ericsson, Nokia, Wavecom, SIMCOM, Sn phm ca
SIMCOM (SIM300, SIM300CZ, ) c la chn do cc tnh nng sau:
H tr GPRS.
H tr kh nng truyn nhn d liu TCP/UDP.
Gi thnh thp.
Thit k phn cng n gin.
c iu khin bng tp lnh AT, cho php iu khin d dng.
2. Giao thc TCP/IP

2.1 Tng qut
Giao thc TCP/IP c pht trin t mng ARPANET v Internet v c dng
nh giao thc mng v vn chuyn trn mng Internet. TCP (Transmission Control
Protocol) l giao thc thuc tng vn chuyn v IP (Internet Protocol) l giao thc
thuc tng mng ca m hnh OSI. H giao thc TCP/IP hin nay l giao thc c s
dng rng ri nht lin kt cc my tnh v cc mng.
Hin nay cc my tnh ca hu ht cc mng c th s dng giao thc TCP/IP
lin kt vi nhau thng qua nhiu h thng mng vi k thut khc nhau. Giao thc
TCP/IP thc cht l mt h giao thc cho php cc h thng mng cng lm vic vi
nhau thng qua vic cung cp phng tin truyn thng lin mng.
2.2 Giao thc IP

Nhim v chnh ca giao thc IP l cung cp kh nng kt ni cc mng con
thnh lin kt mng truyn d liu, vai tr ca IP l vai tr ca giao thc tng mng
22
trong m hnh OSI. Giao thc IP l mt giao thc kiu khng lin kt (connectionlees)
c ngha l khng cn c giai on thit lp lin kt trc khi truyn d liu.
S a ch ha nh danh cc trm (host) trong lin mng c gi l a
ch IP 32 bits (32 bit IP address). Mi giao din trong 1 my c h tr giao thc IP u
phi c gn 1 a ch IP (mt my tnh c th gn vi nhiu mng do vy c th c
nhiu a ch IP). a ch IP gm 2 phn: a ch mng (netid) v a ch my (hostid).
Mi a ch IP c di 32 bits c tch thnh 4 vng (mi vng 1 byte), c th biu
th di dng thp phn, bt phn, thp lc phn hay nh phn. Cch vit ph bin nht
l dng k php thp phn c du chm (dotted decimal notation) tch cc vng.
Mc ch ca a ch IP l nh danh duy nht cho mt my tnh bt k trn lin
mng.
y ta xt cu trc ca cc lp a ch c th gn c l lp A, lp B, lp C.
Cu trc ca cc a ch IP nh sau:
Mng lp A: a ch mng (netid) l 1 Byte v a ch host (hostid) l 3 byte.
Mng lp B: a ch mng (netid) l 2 Byte v a ch host (hostid) l 2 byte.
Mng lp C: a ch mng (netid) l 3 Byte v a ch host (hostid) l 1 byte.
Lp A cho php nh danh ti 126 mng, vi ti a 16 triu host trn mi mng.
Lp ny c dng cho cc mng c s trm cc ln.
Lp B cho php nh danh ti 16384 mng, vi ti a 65534 host trn mi mng.
Lp C cho php nh danh ti 2 triu mng, vi ti a 254 host trn mi mng. Lp
ny c dng cho cc mng c t trm.
Figure 13: Cu trc cc lp a ch IP
23
n v d liu dng trong IP c gi l gi tin (datagram), c khun dng
Figure 14: Dng thc ca gi tin IP
2.3 Giao thc iu khin truyn d liu TCP

TCP l mt giao thc "c lin kt" (connection - oriented), ngha l cn phi
thit lp lin kt gia hai thc th TCP trc khi chng trao i d liu vi nhau. Mt
tin trnh ng dng trong mt my tnh truy nhp vo cc dch v ca giao thc TCP
thng qua mt cng (port) ca TCP. S hiu cng TCP c th hin bi 2 bytes.
Figure 15: Cng truy nhp dch v TCP
Mt cng TCP kt hp vi a ch IP to thnh mt u ni TCP/IP (socket) duy

nht trong lin mng. Dch v TCP c cung cp nh mt lin kt logic gia mt cp
u ni TCP/IP. Mt u ni TCP/IP c th tham gia nhiu lin kt vi cc u ni
TCP/IP xa khc nhau. Trc khi truyn d liu gia 2 trm cn phi thit lp mt
lin kt TCP gia chng v khi khng cn nhu cu truyn d liu th lin kt s
c gii phng.
24
Cc thc th ca tng trn s dng giao thc TCP thng qua cc hm gi

(function calls) trong c cc hm yu cu yu cu, tr li. Trong mi hm cn
c cc tham s dnh cho vic trao i d liu.
Table 2:Bng lit k mt vi cng TCP ph bin
3. Tp lnh AT Command
ni chuyn vi in thoi di ng bn phi dng mt vi cu lnh c bit,
c gi l lnh AT. Bn phi gi nhng cu lnh ny thng qua cng ni tip hoc
cng IrDA (hng ngoi) n in thoi v in thoi s tr li bn. Nu in thoi h
tr cu lnh AT va nhn, n s gi n bn mt cu tr li hp l, ngc li n s gi
n bn mt cu tr li li.
Cc thit b GSM chun c iu khin bng tp lnh AT thng qua giao din
kt ni ni tip. Ngoi tp lnh AT chun bao gm GSM07.05, GSM07.07 v ITU-T
V.25, cc thit b SIM300CZ v SIM548CZ c m rng thm mt s lnh AT pht
trin bi nh sn xut SIMCOM
25
3.1 C php ca lnh AT.

Cc cu lnh lun bt u vi tin t AT hay at, v kt thc bi k t enter
<CR> (iu ny l lun bt buc)
Cc lnh AT thng c phn hi li bng cu trc:
<CR><LF><phn hi><CR><LF>
Cc cu lnh AT ch c thc hin khi cc thit b c cp ngun v sn sng
vi m thit b tr v RDY nhn c qua cng ni tip . Nu m tr v l SCKS
bo hiu khng nhn dng c th SIM. Lnh hin hnh ang c thc thi s b ngt
bi vic nhp vo bt c k t thm no. Do vy khng nn nhp vo lnh k tip cho
n khi nhn c hi p, nu khng lnh hin hnh s b ngt.
S dng mt lnh AT khng c h tr bi thit b s nhn mt hi p li.
Mt vi tham s ca lnh c th khng c h tr trn tt c cc thit b cng c th
gy ra mt hi p li.
Lnh AT c th khc nhau i vi tng loi thit b. S khc nhau c th v c
php, chc nng hoc tham s trong cu lnh.
Cc cu lnh AT c th chia lm 3 loi c php chnh: c bn, tham s S v
m rng
C php c bn
o Cu lnh AT c c php: AT<x><n> hoc AT&<x><n>, trong
<x> l cu lnh, <n> l mt hay nhiu tham s ca cu lnh
C php tham s S
o Cu lnh AT c c php: ATS<n>=<m>, trong <n> l ch s trong
tp S, <m> l gi tr gn cho n. <m> l ty chn, nu thiu, gi tr mc
nh s c s dng
C php m rng
o Cc cu lnh AT ny c th c s dng mt vi ch theo bn di
y:
26
Table 3: C php lnh AT
3.2 Thc thi lnh AT

Cc lnh AT c th c kt hp trong cng mt dng lnh hoc thc hin tng
cu lnh trn tng dng ring. Khi kt hp nhiu cu lnh trn mt dng, chng ta
khng cn thm cc tin t AT hay at trn mi cu lnh, ngoi tr u dng
lnh. Cc cu lnh cn c ngn cch nhau bng du chm phy. Mi dng lnh c
b nh m c kh nng cha ti a 256 k t. Nu dng lnh vt qu gii hn ny,
s khng c lnh no c thc hin v thit b tr v chui ERROR.
Khi thc hin mi lnh AT trn mt dng, chng ta buc phi i tr li cui
cng cho cu lnh (v d nh OK, CME Error, CMS Error) trc khi gi lnh tip
theo.
4. Microsoft SQL Server

C s d liu v qun tr c s d liu l mt trong nhng vn ct li ca tin
hc. Khi ng dng mt bi ton th phi xt ti vn xy dng c s d liu v xy
dng thut ton x l chng. Khi c s d liu cng ln th nhu cu x l cng phc
tp. C nhiu phng n v cng c lu tr d liu cho ti ny nhng Microsoft
SQL Server c la chn v cc nguyn nhn sau:
Bi ton c kch thc ln, phn tn v a ngi s dng.
Microsoft SQL Server l h qun tr c s d liu h tr tt vi lng d
liu ln v cho php ngi s dng theo m hnh Client/Server.
Microsoft SQL Server tin ch trong vic phn tn d liu nhanh.
Microsoft SQL Server h tr mnh vi d liu phn tn.
27
Microsoft SQL Server chy tt trn cc mi trng Win NT (Server) v Win

9.X, Win 2000 (Client),
Microsoft SQL Server l mt phn mm tin li v hiu qu trong vic pht
trin cc ng dng SCDL ln, thch hp cho c quan, t chc, a phng
Microsoft SQL Server h tr trong qun l x l ng nht, bo mt d liu
theo m hnh Client/Server trn mng.
Vi my ch c Microsoft SQL Server c th qun tr nhiu Server vi tn khc
nhau (Cc Server l h qun tr cc c s d liu ring ca mnh), v nhm cc Server
(Server group).
Microsoft SQL Server lu tr CSDL trn cc thit b khc nhau, mi thit b c
th nm trn a cng, mm, bng t, c th nm trn nhiu a.
Microsoft SQL Server cho php qun tr vi tp d liu ln ti 32 TB.
28
PHN 2: PHN TCH V THIT K H THNG

H thng t ra cn qun l ti a 265 im o, ti mi im o c th qun l
nhiu cm bin theo chun 1-Wire (Nhiu cm bin trn cng 1 ng bus ca vi iu
khin, cc cm bin ny c th l cng loi hay khc loi nhau). Trn 1 bus qun l ti
a 22 cm bin.
CHNG 1: THIT K D LIU

1. Pha Client
Modul Sim300CZ h tr truyn d liu khng dy qua GPRS vi gii hn l
160 k t hay tng ng 160 bytes trn 1 ln gi d liu dang Text v trung tm. V
th d liu v s lng thit b cm bin phi c tnh ton sao cho ph hp nht
d liu truyn v l ti a v tha mn iu kin cho php.
Mi ln Client thu thp d liu v truyn v trung tm 1 gi d liu c cu trc
nh sau:
Figure 16: Cu trc chung ca gi d liu
ID : l m im o c nh vo u gi tin chim 1 byte tng ng vi

vic qun l ti a l 2^8 =256 im o, lu tr trong b nh ca vi iu
khin, mi ln d liu c v t cc senser th s c kim tra xem sensor
ng vi im o no v s c nh phn ID im o vo phn u gi
tin ng vi mi d liu thu thp c. Phn ID c phn cch vi phn
D LIU bng du phy (,) c ln l 1 byte. Nh vy phn u ca gi
tin c dng : ID,.-> chim 2 bytes.
D LIU : l phn cha cc thng tin v senser v thng s cn thu thp t
cc sensor gi v trung tm. Phn d liu c cu trc nh sau:
29
Figure 17: Cu trc phn d liu gi v
Phn thng tin d liu ca mi cm bin trong 1 gi tin truyn v c ngn

cch nhau bi du phy (,). Trong mi cm bin cha thng tin chi tit ca cm bin
c cu trc nh sau:
Figure 18: Cu trc d liu ca 1 cm bin
ID chng loi cm bin : chim 1 byte tng ng vi vic c th phn bit

256 loi cm bin khc nhau trong trng hp c nhiu loi cm bin trn
cng 1 ng bus.
ID cm bin : chim 1 byte tng ng vi vic phn bit 256 cm bin cng
loi trn cng 1 ng bus
S liu thu thp ca cm bin : mc nh l 12 bit nu khng cu hnh li v
vy chim 2 byte.
Mi phn c ngn cch vi nhau bng du hai chm (:).
Nh vy theo phn tch th 1 cm bin s chim 6 bytes cng vi 1 byte l du
phy (,) ngn cch gia cc cm bin l 7 byte. T c th tnh ton trn 1 ng bus
c th t ti a l 22 cm bin.
2.Pha Server
2.1 C s d liu
Bi ton a ra yu cu :
Qun l thng tin cc im o.
Qun l thng tin chi tit cc im o
Tm kim v thng k bo co
2.2 Cc bng d liu

Bng Taikhoan : Lu tr ton b thng tin ti khon ngi dng.
30
Tn trng
Taikhoan
Matkhau
Kiu d liu
Nvarchar(50)
Nvachar (50)
Ghi ch
Tn ng nhp (PK)
Password
Table 4: Bng Ti khon
Bng Loaicambien
Tn trng
IDLoaicambien
Tenloaicambien
Kiu d liu
Nvarchar(5)
Nvachar (100)
Ghi ch
M Loi cm bin (PK)
Tn loi cm bin
Table 5: Bng Loi cm bin
Bng Diemdo : Lu tr ton b thng tin cc im o.

Tn trng
Kiu d liu
Ghi ch
ID
Nvarchar(5)
M im o (PK)
Mota
Nvachar (100)
M t, thng tin im o
Table 6: Bng im o
Bng Nhietdo : Lu tr ton b thng tin v Nhit ca cc im o

Tn trng
Kiu d liu
Ghi ch
IDcambien
Nvarchar(5)
M cm bin (PK)
Thoigian
Nvachar (50)
Thi gian (PK)
IDdiemdo
Nvarchar(5)
M im o (FK) Kha ngoi c
tham chiu t kha chnh bng
Diemdo
Nhietdo
Nvachar (5)
Thng s nhit
IDLoaicambien
Nvarchar(5)
M loi cm bin (FK) Kha ngoi
c tham chiu t kha chnh bng
Loaicambien.
Table 7: Bng Nhit
31
Bng Apsuat : Lu tr ton b thng tin v p sut ca cc im o

Tn trng
IDcambien
Thoigian
IDdiemdo
Kiu d liu
Nvarchar(5)
Nvachar (50)
Nvarchar(5)
Apsuat
IDLoaicambien
Nvachar (5)
Nvarchar(5)
Ghi ch
M cm bin (PK)
Thi gian (PK)
M im o (FK) Kha ngoi c
tham chiu t kha chnh bng
Diemdo
Thng s p sut
M loi cm bin (FK) Kha ngoi
c tham chiu t kha chnh bng
Loaicambien.
Table 8: Bng p Sut
C s d liu c thit k v qun l rt linh ng, mi thng tin v 1 loi d

liu c lu tr ring bit thnh tng bng ring v th khi c nhu cu cung cp thm
1 loi d liu bt k th c th thm vo rt d dng.
2.3 M hnh quan h
Figure 19: M hnh quan h c s d liu
32
2.4 Nhn, bc tch v lu tr d liu trn Server

Pha Client gi v cho Server mt gi tin c cu trc nh sau:
AA, BB:B1B1:YY, BB: C1C1:XX,,PP: E1E1: ZZ
Nh phn thit k d liu cho Client phn tch tng qut cu trc gi d
liu, y s a ra mt v d c th d phn tch:
AA : l phn d liu cha m im o c nh vo u mi bn tin v ngn
cch vi chui d liu ng sau bi du phy (,).
BB:B1B1:YY, BB: C1C1:XX,,PP: E1E1: ZZ : l phn d liu cha ton b
thng tin ca cc cm bin gi v sau khi thu thp d liu, d liu ca mi cm bin
c ngn cch vi nhau bng du phy (,), mi phn trong d liu ca 1 cm bin
c ngn cch vi nhau bng du hai chm (:).
Cng vic bn Server sau khi nhn c d liu phi thc hin bc tch ton b
thng tin trong chui nhn v lu vo c s d liu.
Ly phn ID im o (trc du phy u tin) i chiu vi ngn hng im
o c trong c s d liu, nu ph hp th bc tch phn tip theo v cp nht
vo c s d liu. Ngc li th bo li
Tip tc bc tch cc phn d liu c ngn cch bng du phy (,) a vo
cc mng tm.
Ly d liu t cc mng tm sau bc tch tip, ly cc thng tin c ngn
cch bng du hai chm (:).
i chiu phn m chng loi cm bin xem d liu gi v thuc loi cm bin
no th cp nht d liu ca loi vo ng bng lu tr trong c s d liu.
Nh vy kt thc qui trnh cp nht 1 gi d liu gi v t bn Client.
33
CHNG 2: THIT K PHN CNG (CLIENT)

1. Gii thiu tng qut v vi iu khin Atemega 128
Atmega128 c cc c im tiu biu:
Hiu nng cao, tiu th nng lng t
Kin trc RISC
133 lnh mnh, hu ht cc lnh thc hin trong mt chu k
32 thanh ghi 8-bit a nng
Tc thc hin ln ti 16 triu lnh trong 1s vi tn s 16Mhz
C hai b nhn, mi b thc hin trong thi gian 2 chu k
Cc b nh chng trnh v d liu c nh
128K bytes b nh flash c kh nng t lp trnh trong h thng c th thc hin
c 10.000 ln ghi/xa
Vng m Boot ty chn vi nhng bit kha c lp
Lp trnh in-system bi chng trnh on-chip Boot
4K bytes EEPROM c th thc hin c 100.000 ln ghi/xa
4K bytes SRAM bn trong v cho php m rng b nh RAM ngoi ln ti 64K
bytes
Lp trnh kha an ninh phn mm
Giao din SPI cho php lp trnh in-system
Giao din JTAG
Nhng ngoi vi tiu biu
2 b nh thi/b m 8 bit vi cc ch t l t trc v ch so snh
2 b nh thi/b m 16 bit vi cc ch nh t l t trc ring bit,ch
so snh v ch bt gi
B m thi gian thc vi b to dao ng ring bit
8 knh PWM
8 knh ADC 10 bit trong :
8 knh n cc
7 knh lng cc trong c 2 knh c t l khuych i c th lp trnh c:
1x, 10x, 200x
B truyn tin ni tip USART kh trnh
Giao din ni tip 2 dy hng ti byte TWI
34
o
o
o
o
Giao din SPI ch/ t

Watchdog Timer kh trnh vi b to dao ng bn trong ring bit
B so snh tng t
Cc c im c bit khc
Power on Reset v d Brown out kh trnh
B to dao ng RC c nh c bn trong
Cc ngun ngt bn trong v bn ngoi
6 ch Sleep: Idle, ADC noise reduction, Power save, Power down, Standby,
Extended standby
I/O v cc kiu ng gi
53 ng I/O kh trnh
ng gi 64 lead TQFP v 64 pad QFN/MLF
in p hot ng
2.7V-5.5V vi Atmega128L
4.5V-5.5V vi Atmega128
Di tn hot ng
0-8Mhz vi Atmega128L
0-16Mhz vi Atmega128
1.1 S chn ca Atmega128
Figure 20: S chn Atmega128

35
1.1.1 Port A (PA70)

Port A l cng I/O 8-bit hai chiu vi cc in tr pull-up bn trong (c la
chn cho mi bit). B m u ra ca Port A c c tnh iu kin cn i vi c tn
hiu source v sink. Khi l tn hiu u vo, cc chn ca cng A s tiu th dng nu
cc in tr pull-up bn trong c kch hot. Cc chn ca Port A l 3 trng thi khi
c tn hiu reset c kch hot, thm ch ng h khng chy.
Port A c s dng lm cc ng a ch thp v d liu khi giao tip vi b
nh ngoi theo bng sau:
PA(70)
PA7
PA6
PA5
PA4
PA3
PA2
PA1
PA0
Chc nng b sung

a ch v d liu bit 7 giao tip vi b nh ngoi
Table 9: Port A
1.1.2 Port B (PB70)

Port B l cng I/O 8-bit hai chiu vi cc in tr pull-up bn trong (c la
chn cho mi bit). B m u ra ca Port B c c tnh iu kin cn i vi c tn
hiu source v sink. Khi l tn hiu u vo, cc chn ca cng B s tiu th dng nu
cc in tr pull-up bn trong c kch hot. Cc chn ca Port B l 3 trng thi khi
Port B c s dng vi nhng chc nng b sung theo bng sau:
PB(70) Chc nng b sung
PB7
OC2/OC1C( u ra so snh v u ra PWM cho timer/counter2 v
u ra so snh v u ra PWM C cho timer/counter1)
PB6
OC1B(u ra so snh v u ra PWM B cho timer/counter1)
PB5
OC1A(u ra so snh v u ra PWM A cho timer/counter1)
PB4
OC0(u ra so snh v u ra PWM cho timer/counter0)
PB3
MISO(u vo ch/u ra t bus SPI)
36
PB2
PB1
MOSI(u ra ch/u vo t bus SPI)

SCK(ng h ni tip bus SPI)
Table 10: Port B
1.1.3 Port C (PC70)

Port C l cng I/O 8-bit hai chiu vi cc in tr pull-up bn trong (c la
chn cho mi bit). B m u ra ca Port C c c tnh iu kin cn i vi c tn
hiu source v sink. Khi l tn hiu u vo, cc chn ca cng C s tiu th dng nu
cc in tr pull-up bn trong c kch hot. Cc chn ca Port C l 3 trng thi khi
Port C c s dng lm cc ng a ch cao khi giao tip vi b nh ngoi
theo bng sau:
PC(70)
PC7
PC6
PC5
PC4
PC3
PC2
PC1
PC0
Chc nng b sung

a ch bit 15 giao tip vi b nh ngoi
Table 11: Port C
1.1.4 Port D (PD70)

Port D l cng I/O 8-bit hai chiu vi cc in tr pull-up bn trong (c la
chn cho mi bit). B m u ra ca Port D c c tnh iu kin cn i vi c tn
hiu source v sink. Khi l tn hiu u vo, cc chn ca cng D s tiu th dng nu
cc in tr pull-up bn trong c kch hot. Cc chn ca Port D l 3 trng thi khi
Port D c s dng vi nhng chc nng b sung theo bng sau:
PD(70)
Chc nng b sung
PD7
PD6
PD5
T2(u vo ng h timer/counter 2)
T1(u vo ng h timer/counter 1)
XCK1(u vo/ra ng h ngoi USART1)
37
PD4
PD3
PD2
PD1
PD0
ICP1(chn bt gi u vo timer /counter1)

INT3/TXD1(u vo ngt ngoi 3 hoc chn truyn
UART1)
INT2/RXD1(u vo ngt ngoi 2 hoc chn nhn
UART1)
INT1/SDA(u vo ngt ngoi 1 hoc d liu ni tip
TWI)
INT0/SCL(u vo ngt ngoi 0 hoc ng h ni tip
TWI)
Table 12: Port D
1.1.5 Port E (PE70)

Port E l cng I/O 8-bit hai chiu vi cc in tr pull-up bn trong (c la
chn cho mi bit). B m u ra ca Port E c c tnh iu kin cn i vi c tn
hiu source v sink. Khi l tn hiu u vo, cc chn ca cng E s tiu th dng nu
cc in tr pull-up bn trong c kch hot. Cc chn ca Port E l 3 trng thi khi
Port E c s dng vi nhng chc nng b sung theo bng sau:
PE(70)
Chc nng b sung
PE7
INT7/ICP3(u vo ngt ngoi 7 hoc bt gi u vo
Timer/counter 3)
PE6
INT6/T3(u vo ngt ngoi 6 hoc u vo ng h timer/couner
3)
PE5
INT5/OC3C(u vo ngt ngoi 5 hoc u ra so snh v u ra
PWM C timer/counter 3)
PE4
INT4/OC3B(u vo ngt ngoi 4 hoc u ra so snh v u ra
PWM B timer/counter 3)
PE3
AIN1/OC3A(u vo m so snh tng t hoc u ra so snh v
u ra PWM A timer/counter 3)
PE2
AIN0/XCK0(u vo dng so snh tng t hoc u vo/ra
ng h ngoi USART0)
PE1
PD0/TXD0(u ra d liu lp trnh hoc chn nhn UART0 )
PE0
PD1/RXD0(u vo d liu lp trnh hoc chn truyn UART0)
Table 13: Port E
38
1.1.6 Port F(PF70)

Port F c chc nng lm u vo cho b chuyn i ADC tch hp sn.
Khi khng c s dng vi chc nng lm u vo ca ADC, Port F cng l
cng I/O 8-bit hai chiu vi cc in tr pull-up bn trong (c la chn cho mi bit).
B m u ra ca Port F c c tnh iu kin cn i vi c tn hiu source v sink.
Khi l tn hiu u vo, cc chn ca cng F s tiu th dng nu cc in tr pull-up
bn trong c kch hot. Cc chn ca Port F l 3 trng thi khi c tn hiu reset c
kch hot.
Nu giao din JTAG c cho php, th cc in tr pull-up cc chn
PF7(TDI), PF5(TMS), PF4(TCK) c kch hot thm ch khi RESET xy ra
Port F c s dng vi nhng chc nng b sung theo bng sau:
PF(7...0)
PF7
PF6
PF5
PF4
PF3
PF2
PF1
PF0
Chc nng b sung

ADC7/TDI(u vo 7 ADC hoc u vo d liu test JTAG)
ADC6/TDO( u vo 6 ADC hoc u ra d liu test JTAG)
ADC5/TMS( u vo 5 ADC hoc la chn ch test
JTAG)
ADC4/TCK( u vo 4 ADC hoc ng h test JTAG)
ADC3( u vo 3 ADC)
ADC2( u vo 2 ADC)
ADC1( u vo 1 ADC)
ADC0( u vo 0 ADC)
Table 14: Port F
1.1.7 Port G(PG40)

Port G l cng I/O 5-bit hai chiu vi cc in tr pull-up bn trong (c la
chn cho mi bit). B m u ra ca Port G c c tnh iu kin cn i vi c tn
hiu source v sink. Khi l tn hiu u vo, cc chn ca cng G s tiu th dng nu
cc in tr pull-up bn trong c kch hot. Cc chn ca PortG l 3 trng thi khi
Port G c s dng vi nhng chc nng b sung theo bng sau:
PG(40)
PG4
PG3
PG2
Chc nng b sung

TOSC1(dao ng RTC timer/counter0)
TOSC2(dao ng RTC timer/counter1)
ALE(cho php cht a ch ti b nh ngoi)
39
PG1
RD(cho php c b nh ngoi)
PG0
WR(cho php vit ti b nh ngoi)

Table 15: Port G
RESET: u vo reset, khi u vo reset xung mc thp trong mt khong thi

gian no , s kch hot reset, ngay c khi ng h khng chy
XTAL1: u vo khuch i dao ng o v u vo cho mch hot ng ng
h ni
XTAL2: u ra khuch i dao ng o
AVCC: u cp in p cho PF v ADC, thng c ni ti ngun VCC bn
ngoi ngay c khi ADC khng c s dng, khi ADC c s dng, chn ny
c ni vi VCC qua b lc thng thp
AREF:
cp in p tham chiu cho ADC
PEN:chn cho php lp trnh trong ch lp trnh ni tip SPI, c ko ln
cao trong, thng qua vic gi chn ny mc thp trong sut Power on reset,
thit b s bc vo ch lp trnh SPI. Trong hot ng bnh thng, chn
ny khng c chc nng no khc.
1.2 B nh AVR Atmega128

Kin trc AVR c 2 khng gian b nh chnh bao gm b nh chng trnh v
b nh d liu. Thm vo , Atmega128 c mt b nh EEPROM lu tr d liu.
In-System Reprogrammable Flash Program Memory b nh chng trnh
Flash c th lp trnh in-system
Atmega128 cha 128K bytes b nh Flash c th lp trnh li c nm trong
chip cha chng trnh. Bi v tt c cc lnh ca AVR l 16 hoc 32 bit nn Flash
c t chc thnh 64Kx16 V l do an ton phn mm nn b nh chng trnh Flash
c chia thnh 2 vng: Vng np chng trnh boot v vng chng trnh ng dng.
B nh Flash c th thc hin ghi/xo t nht 10.000 ln. B m chng trnh
(PC) l 16 bit , n c th a ch ho c 64K b nh chng trnh.
40
Figure 21: Bn b nh chng trnh Atmega128
SRAM Data Memory b nh d liu SRAM

Atmega128 h tr hai cu hnh khc nhau cho SRAM nh bng sau:
Cu hnh
Ch thng thng(A)
Ch tng thch
Atmeg103(B)
SRAM trong
4096
4000
SRAM ngoi
Ln ti 64K
Ln ti 64K
Table 16: Dung lng SRAM
Bn b nh d liu SRAM c ch ra trn Figure 23
41
Figure 22: Bn b nh SRAM Atmega128
Atmega128 l b vi iu khin hon chnh h tr nhiu thit b ngoi vi trong

64 v tr c t trc trong m lnh IN/OUT. i vi cc khng gian vo ra m rng
t 0x60 n 0xFF trong SRAM th ch c cc lnh ST/STS/STD v LD/LDS/LDD mi
c s dng.
5 ch a ch khc nhau cho b nh d liu bao gm: Trc tip, gin tip vi
lch, gin tip, gin tip vi lch gim, v gin tip vi lch tng ln. Trong
tp thanh ghi, cc thanh ghi t R26 n R31 dng lm cc thanh ghi con tr a ch
gin tip. a ch trc tip ch ti ton b khng gian d liu.
32 thanh ghi lm vic mc ch chung, 64 thanh ghi I/O v 4096 bytes d liu
SRAM trong l c th c truy nhp bi tt c cc ch nh a ch ny
1.2.1 EEPROM Data Memory b nh d liu EEPROM
Atmega128 cha 4K bytes b nh d liu EEPROM. N c t chc thnh
khng gian d liu ring bit, m cc byte n c th c c v ghi. EEPROM c
th c ghi, c t nht 100.000 ln. Truy nhp d liu gia CPU v EEPROM c
thc hin thng qua cc thanh ghi a ch, thanh ghi d liu v thanh ghi iu khin
EEPROM, EEPROM Read/Write Access c/ghi vo EEPROM. Cc thanh ghi truy
nhp EEPROM c th c truy nhp trong khng gian I/O.
1.2.2 Thanh ghi a ch EEPROM EEARH v EEARL
42
Figure 23: Thanh ghi a ch EEPROM
Bits 15..9 Res: Cc bit d phng

o Cc bit ny c t d phng trong Atmega128 v s lun l 0.
Bits 8..0 EEAR9..0: a ch EEPROM
o Gi tr khi to ca EEAR l khng xc nh. Gi tr thch hp phi
c ghi trc khi EEPROM c th c truy cp.
1.2.3 Thanh ghi d liu EEPROM EEDR
Figure 24: Thanh ghi d liu EEPROM
Bits 7..0 EEDR7.0: D liu EEPROM

o ghi EEPROM, thanh ghi EEDR cha d liu c ghi vo trong
EEPROM vi a ch c ch ra trong thanh ghi EEAR. Khi c
EEPROM, thanh ghi EEDR cha d liu c ra t EEPROM ti a ch
ch ra ti EEAR.
1.2.4 Thanh ghi iu khin EEPROM EECR
Figure 25: Thanh ghi iu khin EEPROM
Bits 7..6 Res: Cc bit d phng

43
o Cc bit ny c t d phng trong Atmega128 v s lun l 0.

Bit 5..4 EEPM1 v EEPM0: Cc bit ch lp trnh EEPROM
Bit 3 EERIE: EEPROM Ready Interrupt Enable
Bit 2 EEMWE: EEPROM Master Write Enable
Bit 1 EEWE: EEPROM Write Enable
Bit 0 EERE: EEPROM Read Enable
Phng nga sai lch d liu EEPROM
Trong thi gian ngun in VCC b st, d liu ca EEPROM c th b sai bi
v in p cung cp qu thp cho CPU v EEPROM c th lm vic ng. iu ny
cng tng t i vi cc h thng bn mch s dng EEPROM, v cc gii php thit
k tng t nn c ng dng.
Mt s sai khc d liu ca EEPROM c th b gy ra bi 2 yu t khi m in
p qu thp: u tin l s lin tip ghi vo EEPROM i hi mt in p ti thiu
hot ng mt cch ng n. Th 2 l CPU c th t thc hin sai cu lnh nu in
p cung cp qua thp.
phng nga hin tng ny, mt cch thng c p dng l kch hot
chn RESET mc thp trong sut giai on ngun in cung cp mc khng m
bo, iu ny c th thc hin bng cch cho php b pht hin Brown-out bn trong,
nu mc pht hin ca b Brown-out khng ph hp vi gi tr cn thit, mt mch
in RESET bn ngoi c th c s dng.
1.3 USART
B truyn v nhn tn hiu ni tip ng b v khng ng b vn nng l thit
b kt ni ni tip c linh ng cao. Cc c im tiu biu l:
Hot ng song cng
Hot ng ng b v khng ng b
Hot ng ng b theo xung nhp ch t
B pht tc truyn c phn gii cao
H tr khung truyn vi 5,6,7,8, hoc 9 bit d liu v 1 hoc 2 stop bits
Pht v kim tra chn l c h tr bi phn cng
Pht hin OverRun d liu
Pht hin li khung truyn
Lc nhiu bao gm pht hin bit start sai v b lc thng thp s
44
3 ngt ring bit khi TX hon thnh, thanh ghi d liu TX rng, v RX hon
thnh
Ch Multi- processor kt ni
Ch kt ni khng ng b tc i
1.4 B chuyn i ADC
Atmega128 c ADC ngay trong chip vi cc c im tiu biu :

phn gii 10 bit
chnh xc tuyt i: 2 LSB
Thi gian chuyn i 13 - 260 s
Ln ti 15kSPS khi phn gii cao nht
Phm vi in p u vo : 0-VCC
in p tham chiu 2.56V c th la chn
Ngt khi chuyn i hon thnh
Loi b nhiu trong ch ng
8 knh ADC u vo n cc
7 knh ADC u vo lng cc
2 knh u vo lng cc vi t l c th la chn 10x, 200x
2. Gii thiu chung v Simcom 300CZ Simcard Holder

2.1 Sim300CZ
c thit k thch hp s dng rng ri vi cc ng dng trn ton cu, l
thit b 3 di tn GSM/GPRS lm vic tt trn cc di tn s EGSM 900 MHz, DCS
1800 MHz v PCS 1900 MHz. SIM300C vi cc c im GPRS multislot class 10 / class8 (ty chn) c kh nng h tr GPRS kt hp m ha CS-1, CS2, CS-3 v CS-4.
Cu to nh gn thch hp cho cc ng dng cng nghip, c tch hp sn mch
sc nn ph hp cho ng dng cn s dng nng lng pin.
C 60 chn kt ni thng qua 1 Connector vi mch ngi s dng thit k,
chn Angten c thit k ring tch hp sn trn Simcom 300CZ. Mt s c im
ni bt nh sau:
45
H thng phm bm v giao din SPI gip cho ngi thit k d dng pht
trin v ty bin.
Cng Serial v cng Debug c th gip d dng pht trin ng dng.
2 knh Audio bao gm 2 li vo Microphones v 2 li ra Speakers d dng
cu hnh bi tp lnh AT Command.
Charge interface.
Sim300CZ cung cp modul angten RF vi 2 la chn l antenna connector v
antenna pad. Antenna connector l MURATA MM9329-2700, antenna do ngi dng
thit k c th c hn vo antenna pad
Thit k theo cng ngh tit kim nng lng, tiu th khong 2,5mA trong ch
SLEEP.
Tch hp giao thc TCP/IP, c m rng vi tp lnh TCP/IP Command gip
ngi dng d dng lm vic v hu ch khi truyn nhn d liu thng qua cc ng
dng
c im
Ngun cp
Tit kim nng lng
Di tn s
GSM class
Nng lng truyn
Kt ni GPRS
Di nhit
D liu GPRS
Chi tit
Ngun 1 chiu 3,4V 4,5V.
Tiu th nng lng 2,5mA trong ch SLEEP
SIM300CZ 3 di tn EGSM 900, DCS 1800, PCS 1900 c
th t ng tm kim, ngoi ra cn c th thit lp thng
qua AT Command.
Da trn chun GSM Phase 2/2+
Small MS
Class 4 (2W) at EGSM900
Class 1 (1W) at DCS1800 and PCS 1900
GPRS multi-slot class 10 (Mc nh)
GPRS multi-slot class 8 ty chn
GPRS mobile station class B.
Hot ng bnh thng : -30C n +70C
Hot ng b gii hn: -35C to -30C v +70 C to +80C
Nhit bo qun : -45C n +85C
Ti v : max 85.6kbps
Up : max 42.8kbps
Kt hp m ha : CS-1, CS-2, CS-3 v CS-4
H tr giao thc PAP (Password Authentication Protocol)
dng trong cc kt ni PPP
46
Tch hp giao thc TCP/IP

H tr Packet Switched Broadcast Control Channel
CSD:
(PBCCH)
T l truyn CSD : 2.4, 4.8, 9.6, 14.4 kbps, khng r rng
H tr dch v b sung phi cu trc (Unstructured
Supplementary Services Data (USSD))
SMS
MT, MO, CB, Text v cht PDU
Lu SMS : SIM card
FAX
Group 3 Class 1
Giao din SIM
H tr Sim card: 1.8V, 3V
Antenna gn ngoi
Kt ni qua connector antenna 50 Ohm hoc antenna pad
c im Audio
Cc ch gii m:
Half Rate (ETS 06.20)
Full Rate (ETS 06.10)
Enhanced Full Rate (ETS 06.50 / 06.60 / 06.80)
Echo suppression
Serial interface v Cng Serial: 7 ng trn Serial port interface
Debug interface
Cng Serial c th c dng cho CSD FAX, dch v
GPRS v gi lnh AT Command cho modul iu khin
Cng Serial c th s dng dn knh
H tr baud rate t 1200bps ti 115200bps
Cng Debug: 2 ng trn Serial port interface/TXD v
/RXD
Cng Debug: ch s dng cho vic kim tra li
Qun l Phonebook
H tr cc kiu phonebook : SM, FD, LD, RC, ON, MC.
Gi ng dng SIM
H tr SAT class 3, GSM 11.14 Release 99
ng h thi gian thc c b sung.
Chc nng Timer
C th lp trnh c thng qua AT Command
c im vt l
Kch thc: 500.15 x 330.15 x7.70.3mm (bao gm
connector), 500.15 x 330.15 x 6.20.3mm (khng tnh
connector)
Nng: 13.8g.
Nng cp Firmware
Thng qua Serial interface
Mt s chn s dng
1, 3, 5, 7, 9 : Chn cp ngun.
2, 4, 6, 8, 10, 51, 52: Chn ni t.
16: Netlight chc nng bo mng.
47
17: Pwrkey chc nng Reset.

19: Status bo trng thi hot ng bnh thng ca simcom.
25, 27, 29, 31: cc chn giao tip vi th sim ln lt ni vi
Sim_VCC, Sim_Reset, Sim_data, Sim_Clock ca SimHolder.
41, 43: cc chn giao tip UART.
Table 17: c im SIMCOM300CZ
3. Cm bin nhit
3.1 Cu hnh chn
DS18B20 l mt sn phm ca
cng ty Dallas (M), y cng l cng
ty ng gp nhiu vo vic cho ra i
bus mt dy v cc thit b cm bin
mt dy. Hnh dng bn ngoi ca cm
bin mt dy DS18B20 c m t
trn Figure 29, trong dng v TO92 vi 3 chn l dng thng gp v
c dng trong nhiu ng dng, cn
dng v SOIC vi 8 chn c dng
o nhit bmt, k c da ngi.
Figure 26: Cu hnh chn ca DS18B20
Chn
SO
TO-92
SOP
1,2,6,7,8 2,3,5,6,7 3
8
3
4
Tn
Chc nng
Khng kt ni
VDD phi c ni t ch
ngun k sinh
DQ
Chn vo ra d liu. ng thi
cung cp ngun khi ch ngun
k sinh.
GND t
N.C
VDD
48
Table 18: M t cc chn ca DS18B20
3.2 Tng quan v DS18B20

Figure 30 minh ho s khi ca DS18B20, v chc nng cc chn c m
t trong Bng 2.1. B nh ROM 64-bit lu tr m s duy nht ca thit b. B nh
scratchpad cha thanh ghi nhit 2-byte trong c lu tr u ra s t cm bin
nhit . Thm vo , b nh scratchpad cung cp kh nng truy nhp n cc thanh
ghi cnh bo cn trn v di 1-byte (TH v TL) v thanh ghi cu hnh 1-byte. Cc
thanh ghi TH, TL, v thanh ghi cu hnh l bt bin (EEPROM), v th chng vn lu
d liu khi tt ngun cp cho thit b.
Figure 27: S khi ca DS18B20
DS18B20 s dng giao thc bus 1-Dy c quyn ca hng Dallas vi kh nng
thc hin truyn thng trn bus bng cch s dng ch mt tn hiu iu khin. ng
iu khin yu cu mt in tr pullup yu v tt c cc thit b c ni n bus thng
qua mt cng 3-trng thi (chnh l chn DQ ca DS18B20). Trong h thng bus ny,
vi iu khin (thit b ch hoc bus ch) nhn dng v nh a ch tt c cc thit b
trn bus s dng m 64-bit duy nht ca mi thit b. V mi thit b c mt m duy
nht nn s cc thit b c th c nh a ch trn mt bus hu nh l khng b gii
hn. Phn giao thc bus 1-Dy c trnh by chi tit trong phn H thng bus 1-Dy.
Mt tnh nng khc ca DS18B20 l kh nng hot ng m khng cn ngun
ngoi. Thay vo , ngun c cp thng qua in tr pullup 1-Dy ni vi chn DQ
khi bus trng thi cao. in tch ly c t bus 1-Dy s cung cp ngun cho
DS18B20 khi bus trng thi cao, v mt phn in tch ny c lu trn t ngun
49
k sinh (CPP) cung cp in khi bus trng thi thp. Phng php ly ngun t bus
1-Dy c gi l ngun k sinh.
3.3 Hot ng o nhit

Chc nng chnh ca DS18B20 l cm bin nhit vi kh nng xut trc tip
ra tn hiu s. phn gii ca b cm bin nhit l 9, 10, 11, hoc 12 bit (cho php
ngi dng cu hnh), tng ng vi bc nhy 0.50C, 0.250C, 0.1250C, 0.06250C. Khi
bt ngun, phn gii mc nh l 12 bit v DS18B20 trng thi ngh in p thp.
khi to mt php o nhit v chuyn i A/D, thit b ch phi pht ra mt lnh
Convert T [44h]. Sau khi chuyn i, d liu kt qu c lu trong thanh ghi nhit
2-byte trong b nh scratchpad v DS18B20 tr v trng thi ngh ca n. Nu
DS18B20 c cp ngun ngoi, thit b ch c th pht ra cc khe thi gian c
(tham kho phn H thng bus 1-Dy) sau lnh Convert T v DS18B20 s tr li bng
cch truyn bit 0 trong khi ang chuyn i v truyn bit 1 khi hon tt chuyn i.
Nu DS18B20 c cp ngun k sinh, k thut thng bo ny khng th c s
dng v bus phi c ko ln trng thi cao bi mt in tr kho trong sut qu trnh
chuyn i. Cc yu cu i vi bus trong ch ngun k sinh c gii thch chi tit
trong phn Cp ngun cho DS18B20.
D liu ra ca DS18B20 c hiu chnh theo thang Celsius. D liu v nhit
c lu di dng mt s b hai 16-bit trong thanh ghi nhit (tham kho Figure
23). Bit du S ch ra nhit l dng hay m: S=0 l dng v S=1 l m. Nu
DS18B20 c cu hnh phn gii 12-bit, th tt c cc bit trong thanh ghi nhit
s cha d liu hp l. Vi phn gii 11-bit, bit 0 khng xc nh. Vi phn
gii 10-bit, bit 0 v 1 khng xc nh, v vi phn gii 9-bit cc bit 0, 1, v 2 khng
xc nh. Bng 2.2 a ra v d ca d liu ra (dng s) v nhit tng ng
phn gii 12- bit.
Figure 28: Thanh ghi nhit
Nhit ( 0C)
+125
+85*
u ra dng s (nh phn)

0000 0111 1101 0000
0000 0101 0101 0000
u ra dng s (hex)
07D0h
0550h
50
+25.0625
+10.125
+0.5
0
-0.5
-10.125
-25.0625
-55
0000 0001 1001 0001

0000 0000 1010 0010
0000 0000 0000 1000
0000 0000 0000 0000
1111 1111 1111 1000
1111 1111 0101 1110
1111 1110 0110 1111
1111 1100 1001 0000
0191h
00A2h
0008h
0000h
FFF8h
FF5Eh
FE6Fh
FC90h
Table 19: Quan h Nhit /D liu
3.4 Cp ngun cho DS18B20

DS18B20 c th c cp ngun bi mt ngun ngoi trn chn V DD, hoc n
c th hot ng ch ngun k sinh m cho php thit b hot ng khng cn
ngun ngoi. Ngun k sinh rt hu ch i vi cc ng dng i hi cm bin nhit
t xa hoc cc ng dng b hn ch v khng gian.
Trong ch ngun k sinh, bus 1-Dy v CPP c th cung cp dng cho
3DS18B20 i vi phn ln cc hot ng min l p ng c cc yu cu v in
p v nh thi xc nh. Tuy nhin khi DS18B20 ang thc hin chuyn i nhit
hoc ang sao chp d liu t b nh Scratchpad ti EEPROM, dng in hot ng
c th cao n 1.5mA. Dng in ny c th gy ra mt s st p khng th chp nhn
c trn in tr pullup 1-Dy v vt qu kh nng cp dng ca CPP. m bo
DS18B20 c dng cp, cn phi cung cp mt in tr pull-up kho trn bus 1Dy bt c khi no qu trnh chuyn i A/D din ra hoc d liu c chp t
scratchpad ti EEPROM. iu ny c thc hin nh s dng mt MOSFET ko
bus ln cao nh minh ho trn Figure 32. Bus 1-Dy phi c chuyn mch ti pullup
kho trong vng 10s (ln nht) sau khi mt lnh Convert T [44h] hoc Copy
Scratchpad [48h] c pht ra, v bus phi c gi trng thi cao bi pullup trong
khong thi gian chuyn i (tCONV) hoc truyn d liu (tWR=10ms). Khng c hot
ng no khc c th din ra trn bus 1-Dy trong khi pullup c kch hot.
51
Figure 29: Cp ngun k sinh cho DS18B20 trong qu trnh bin i A/D
Figure 30: Cp ngun cho DS18B20 vi ngun ngoi
DS18B20 cng c th c cp ngun theo phng php truyn thng, l ni

mt ngun ngoi n chn VDD, nh minh ho trn Figure 23. u im ca phng
php ny l khng cn pullup MOSFET, v bus 1-Dy vn c th c s dng
truyn d liu trong thi gian chuyn i.
Vi nhit lm vic vt qu +1000C th khng nn dng ngun k sinh v
DS18B20 c th khng c kh nng duy tr cc cuc truyn thng do cc dng in
d cao hn c th xut hin cc nhit ny. i vi cc ng dng lm vic iu
kin nhit nu trn th nn dng ngun ngoi.
Trong mt s tnh hung, bus ch khng bit DS18B20 s dng kiu cp ngun
no. Thit b ch cn thng tin ny xc nh c cn thit phi dng in tr pullup
kho trong qu trnh chuyn i nhit hay khng. nhn thng tin ny, thit b
ch c th pht ra mt lnh Skip ROM [CCh] km theo l mt lnh Read Power
Supply [B4h] v tip theo l mt khe thi gian c. Trong sut khe thi gian c,
cc chip DS18B20 m s dng ngun k sinh s ko bus xung thp, v cc chip
DS18B20 m s dng ngun ngoi s vn bus trng thi cao. Nu bus c ko
xung thp, thit b ch bit rng n phi cung cp in tr pullup kho trn bus 1-Dy
trong sut qu trnh chuyn i nhit .
3.5 M ROM 64-bit

52
Mi chip DS18B20 cha mt m 64-bit duy nht c lu trong ROM. 8 bit

ngha thp nht ca m ROM cha m h 1-Dy ca DS18B20: 28h. 48 bit tip theo
cha mt s serial duy nht. 8 bit ngha cao nht cha mt byte kim tra d tha m
(CRC) m c tnh t 56 bit u tin ca m ROM. M ROM 64-bit v logic iu
khin hm ROM cho php chip DS18B20 hot ng nh mt thit b 1-Dy s dng
giao thc c m t trong phn H thng bus 1-Dy.
Figure 31: M ROM 64-bit
3.6 B nh
B nh ca DS18B20 c t chc nh Figure 35. B nh bao gm mt b
nh SRAM scratchpad v b nh EEPROM bt bin lu cc thanh ghi kch hot cnh
bo (TH v TL)v thanh ghi cu hnh. Lu rng, nu chc nng cnh bo ca
DS18B20 khng c s dng th cc thanh ghi TH v TL phc v nh b nh a nng.
Tt c cc lnh c m t chi tit trong phn Cc lnh hm DS18B20.
Figure 32: Bn nh ca DS18B20
Byte 0 v byte 1 ca scratchpad, mt cch tng ng, cha LSB v MSB ca

thanh ghi nhit . Cc byte ny l ch c. Byte 2 v 3 cung cp vic truy nhp thanh
ghi TH v TL. Byte 4 cha d liu thanh ghi cu hnh m s c gii thch chi tit
trong phn Thanh ghi cu hnh. Byte 5, 6 v 7 c dnh cho vic s dng ni b ca
thit b v ni dung ca chng khng th b ghi . Byte 8 ca scratchpad l byte ch
c v cha m CRC cho cc byte t 0 n 7 ca scratchpad.
53
Tham kho cc lnh lin quan n b nh bao gm: Write Scratchpad [4Eh],
Read Scratchpad [BEh], Copy Scratchpad [48h], Recall E2 [B8h] cng cung cp cho
chng ta thm thng tin v truy nhp b nh.
3.7 Thanh ghi cu hnh

Byte 4 ca b nh scratchpad cha thanh ghi cu hnh, c t chc c minh
ho Figure 36. Ngi dng c th thit lp phn gii ca DS18B20 bng cch s
dng bit R0 v R1 trong thanh ghi ny nh ch ra trong Bng 2.3. Mc nh lc bt
ngun th R0=1 v R1=1, ngha l phn gii 12 bit. Lu rng, c mt s tho hip
trc tip gia phn gii v thi gian chuyn i. Bit 7 v cc bit t 0 n 4 trong
thanh ghi cu hnh c d tr cho vic s dng ni b v khng th b ghi .
Figure 33: Thanh ghi cu hnh
R1
0
0
1
1
R0
0
1
0
1
phn gii (bit)

9
10
11
12
Thi gian chuyn i cc i

93.75ms
(tCONV/8)
187.5ms
(tCONV/4)
375ms
(tCONV/2)
750ms
(tCONV)
Figure 34: Cu hnh phn gii o nhit
3.8 H thng bus 1-Dy

H thng bus 1-Dy s dng mt bus chnh/ch (master) iu khin mt
hoc nhiu thit b ph (slave). DS18B20 lun l mt thit b ph. Khi ch c duy nht
mt thit b ph trn bus, h thng c gi l h thng single-drop; h thng l
multi-drop nu c nhiu thit b ph trn bus.
Tt c d liu v cc lnh c truyn i trn bus 1-Dy vi nguyn tc bit c
ngha thp nht c truyn i trc.
Phn trnh by v h thng bus 1-Dy di y c chia thnh 3 ch : cu
hnh phn cng, chui giao tc, v bo hiu 1-Dy (cc kiu tn hiu v nh thi).
3.9 Cu hnh phn cng
54
Bus 1-Dy l mt ng d liu n. Mi thit b (chnh/ch hoc ph) giao

tip vi ng d liu thng qua mt cng 3-trng thi. iu ny cho php mi thit b
tch ri khi ng d liu khi thit b ang khng truyn d liu v th bus kh dng
cho thit b khc. Cng 1-Dy ca DS18B20 (chn DQ) l mt cng 3 trng thi c
mch bn trong c minh ho trn Figure 38.
Bus 1-Dy yu cu mt in tr pull-up xp x 5k; v vy trng thi ngh ca
bus 1-Dy l trng thi cao. Nu bus c gi trng thi thp lu hn 480s, tt c
cc thnh phn trn bus s c xc lp li (reset).
Figure 35: Cu hnh phn cng
3.10 Thut ton Search ROM

Trong s cc hm iu khin thit b DS18B20 c trnh by phn trc, c
l w1_search l hm ng quan tm nht trong s , v n th hin c c tnh
quan trng nht ca thit b - kh nng lm vic trong mng 1-Dy. Hm ny cha
ng trong n mt thut ton search ROM thc hin vic nhn dng tng thit b trn
mt bus chung.
Gii thiu
Mi thit b 1-Dy ca nh sn xut bn dn Dallas c mt s ng k 64-bit
duy nht trong b nh ch c (ROM) c thit b ch 1-Dy (master) s dng
nh a ch trong mng 1-Dy. Nu m ROM ca cc thit b ph (slave device) trn
mng 1-Dy cha c xc nh, th chng c th c pht hin bng cch s dng
mt thut ton tm kim. Phn ny s trnh by thut ton tm kim mt cch chi tit v
55
cung cp mt v d gip nhanh chng tch hp thit b vo h thng. Thut ton ny

c hiu lc i vi tt c cc thit b hin ti v tng lai m c giao din 1-Dy.
Figure 36: 64-bit ca m ROM
Ni dung thut ton

Thut ton SEARCH ROM l mt thut ton tm kim cy nh phn, trong
cc nhnh c ln tm cho n khi mt m ROM, hoc l, c tm thy. Nhng ln
tm kim tip theo s i theo cc nhnh khc cho n khi tt c cc l hin c c tm
thy.
Thut ton tm kim bt u vi cc thit b trn bus 1-Dy bng cch s dng dy
xung xc lp li (reset pulse) v xung hin (presence pulse). Nu qu trnh ny thnh
cng th lnh tm kim 1-byte c truyn i. Lnh tm kim c cc thit b 1-Dy
bt u tm kim.
C hai kiu lnh tm kim. Lnh tm kim thng thng (0F hex) s thc hin
tm kim tt c cc thit b tham gia. Lnh tm kim c iu kin hay cnh bo (alarm)
s ch tm kim cc thit b ang trng thi cnh bo. iu ny gip gim s lng
tm kim v nhanh chng hi p li cc thit b cn lu n.
Sau khi pht ra lnh tm kim, tt c cc thit b tham gia s ng thi gi i bit
u tin ( ngha thp nht) trong m ROM ca chng (cn gi l s ng k) (Hnh
2.1). Ging nh tt c cc truyn thng 1-Dy, thit b ch s l bn khi to mi bit
d cho n l d liu c hay ghi vo cc thit b ph. Do cc c tnh ca ca 1Dy, khi tt c cc thit b tr li cng mt lc, kt qu s l mt logic AND ca cc bit
c gi. Sau khi cc thit b gi i bit u tin trong m ROM ca chng, thit b ch
khi to bit tip theo v cc thit b sau gi i phn b ca bit th nht. T hai bit
ny, ta c th nhn c thng tin v bit u tin trong m ROM ca cc thit b tham
gia. (Bng 2.1).
Bit (tht) Bit (b)
0
0
Thng tin c th rt ra
C c 0 v 1 v tr bit hin ti trong cc m ROM tham gia.
56
0
1
1
1
0
1
y c gi l mt mu thun.
Ch c 0 v tr bit hin ti trong cc m ROM tham gia
Ch c 1 v tr bit hin ti trong cc m ROM tham gia
Khng c thit b no tham gia trong tm kim
Table 20: Thng tin tm kim bit
Thit b ch
Kch hot xung xc lp li (reset)
Ghi lnh tm kim (thng thng
hoc cnh bo)
c AND ca bit th nht
Thit b ph
To ra xung hin (presence)
Mi thit b sn sang cho tm kim
Mi thit b gi i bit th nht ca m

ROM.
c AND ca bit o bit th nht Mi thit b gi i bit o ca bit th nht
ca m ROM.
Ghi bit th nht (0 hoc 1, tu theo Mi thit b nhn bit c ghi v so vi bit
thut ton)
ca n, nu khc nhau th chuyn sang
trng thi ch.
c AND ca bit th 64
Mi thit b gi i bit th 64 ca m ROM.
c AND ca bit o bit th 64
Mi thit b gi i bit o ca bit th 64
ca m ROM.
Ghi bit th 64 (0 hoc 1, tu theo Mi thit b nhn bit c ghi v so vi bit
thut ton)
ca n, nu khc nhau th chuyn sang
trng thi ch.
Table 21: Dy tm kim 1-Dy
Theo thut ton tm kim, thit b ch 1-Dy sau phi truyn mt bit n cc
thit b tham gia. Nu thit b tham gia c gi tr bit , n tip tc tham gia. Nu n
khng c gi tr bit , n i vo trng thi i cho n khi mt xung xc lp li (reset)
c pht hin. Trnh t c hai bit v ghi mt bit sau c lp li i vi 63 bit
cn li ca m ROM (Bng 2.2). Theo cch ny, thut ton tm kim s a tt c tr
mt thit b n trng thi i. Lc kt thc mt ln tm kim, th mt m ROM ca
thit b cn li ny s c nhn bit. nhng ln tm kim tip theo, mt nhnh khc
c chn tm cc m ROM khc.
T Bng 2.1, ta nhn thy rng nu tt c cc thit b tham gia c cng gi tr
mt v tr bit th ch c mt la chn cho l trnh phi i. Tnh trng trong khng c
57
thit b no tham gia l mt tnh hung bt thng khi m thit b c pht hin
nhng b g b trong qu trnh tm kim. Tnh trng trong v tr bit c c bit 0 v
bit 1 c gi l mt mu thun v l cha kho tm cc thit b trong cc ln tm
kim tip theo. Thut ton tm kim ch ra rng trong ln tm u tin, khi c gp mt
mu thun (bit/o bit=0/0), l trnh 0 c chn trc. Ch rng iu ny l do
thut ton quyt nh. Mt thut ton khc c th chn l trnh 1 trc. V tr bit xy
ra ln mu thun cui cng c nh li cho ln tm kim sau. Bng 2.3 m t cc l
trnh c chn trong cc ln tm kim tip theo khi c mt mu thun xy ra.
So snh v tr bit hin ti v
v tr gp mu thun ln cui
=
L trnh c chn
<
chn l trnh ging ln cui (t m

ROM c tm thy gn y nht)
chn l trnh 0
>
chn l trnh 1
Table 22: Hng chn l trnh
4. Thit k phn cng chi tit

4.1 Giao din DXP
xy dng c phn cng ta s dng phn mn DXP a ra s i dy
ca mch in
58
Figure 37: Giao din DXP
Trc khi thc hin v mch nguyn l th ta cn xy dng mt s th vin

cha c cho DXP, trong s thc hin bn em c tham kho v ly mt s linh kin
v trong th vin c cc thy. ng thi chng em cng c xy dng thm mt s
th vin cha c hon thnh mch.
4.2 Hng dn xy dng th vin cho DXP

Bc 1: to mi mt th vin
59
Figure 38: To th vin trong DXP
Bc 2: Add thm schematic v pcb cho linh kin
Figure 39: Thm th vin schematic v pcb
Bc 3:V linh kin trong schematic

library:
Bc 4: Xem c datasheet bit c

nguyn mu ca linh kin
60
Figure 41: V linh kin trong PCB

Figure 40: V linh kin trong schematic
Bc 5: add th vin pcb vo th vin schematic:Add Chn footprint Browse n

v tr ca th vin pcb v
61
Figure 42: Add th vin pcb vo schematic
4.3 Chi tit cc khi:

Hon thnh xy dng th vin nhng linh kin no cn thiu th b xung cho
y trc khi ln schematic cho tng khi.
4.3.1 Khi ngun
Yu cu:
ate ngun 5v
sim300cz ngun 3.6V n 4.2V
Thc hin:
62
Figure 43: Khi ngun
Cung cp c hai ngun 5v v 4.2v

Dng adapter 9V qua LM2576 iu ch ra ngun 4.2V cho sim300 y
phi c bin tr thay i gi tr ca ngun ra.
T ngun 9v qua lm7805 cho ra ngun 5v chun cho ate
Cc t lc nhiu v n nh dng
Chn Vcc u ra l 5V
Chn 4.2V in p ra ln nht c th s dng 3.6V n 4.2V thay i
c nh c bin tr 5K
4.3.2 Khi to xung cho ate
Yu cu:
Dng thch anh ngoi 8M khng s dng thch anh trong ca ate
Thc hin:
Figure 44: Khi thch anh ngoi
Cn c 2 t gm khng phn cc lc nhiu xung.

63
2 chn XTLA 1 v XTLA2 u trc tip vo 2 chn ca Atemega

4.3.4 Khi vi iu khin
Yu cu:
Giao tip c vi sim300
C th kt ni vi cc vi mch khc
C nhiu chn ADC
Thc hin:
Atemega 128L
Gii in p ln
C kh nng giao tip 2 com
8 chn ADC
Ch do s chnh lch in p gia sim300 v ate nn ta phi ni thm
2 tr h mc in ap t 5v xung 3.7V ate c th giao tip vi
Sim300
Figure 45: Khi vi iu khin
64
Figure 46: Atmega128 thc t
4.3.5 Khi sim300

Yu cu:
Truyn c d liu bng GPRS
Thc hin:
Thc hin ghp ni qua cc chn giao tip tryn nhn
Figure 47: Khi SIMCOM300CZ
65
Figure 48: Sim300CZ v Conector thc t
4.3.6 Khi n bo
Yu cu:
Bit c mch hot ng tt
Thc hin:
Dng cc chn bo ca sim300
Figure 49: Khi n bo tn hiu
4.3.7 S simholder
Yu cu:
Giao tip gia module Sim300cz vi Simcard
Thc hin:
Ghp ni vi cc chn ca module Sim300cz
66
Figure 50: S Sim-Holder
Figure 51: SimHolder thc t
67
4.3.8 S ton mch
Figure 52: S Schematic mch

68
4.3.9 S mch in
Mch in c i dy c hai mt, thng thng thi cc dy c ni trc tip
nhng cng c nhng dy ra phi c via i qua nhng ch ph hp
Figure 53: S mch in
4.3.9 Mch hon thnh
69
Figure 54: Mch hon thnh
4.4 Thao tc tp lnh AT Command truyn nhn d liu qua GPRS.
Figure 55: Thao tc truyn nhn d liu vi AT Command
Th
t
1
2
3
Gii thch
Reset modem, kim tra modem d hot ng bnh thng cha. Gi nhiu ln
cho
chc
n,
cho
n
khi
nhn
c
chui
ATZ<CR><CR><LF>OK<CR><LF>.
Lnh 1 c thc hin thnh cng.
Hy b kt cc ni trc , a trng thi kt ni ca module SIM300CZ v
70
4
5
6
7
8
9
10
trng thi ban u (IP INITIAL).

Module trc o trng thi IP INITIAL,
Thit lp phng thc thc hin kt ni GPRS. C hai phng thc kt ni
d liu: l kt ni thng qua h thng chuyn mch mch CSD (Circuit
Switch Data) da trn ng truyn v tuyn ca mng GSM (tng t nh
vic thc hin mt cuc gi data call) v phng php chuyn mch gi
GPRS. CSD c li th v vng ph sng, nhng gi cc t (gi cc c
tnh theo thi gian kt ni), tn bng thng v tuyn (chim trn knh truyn
v tuyn) v module SIM300CZ khng h tr TCP stack cho phng thc kt
ni trn, iu gy nhiu kh khn cho qu trnh truyn nhn d liu.
Phng thc kt ni bng GPRS tuy gp phi s hn ch v vng ph sng
nhng li c c mi u th khc so vi CSD. cng l nguyn nhn
GPRS c la chn trong phm vi ng dng ca h thng.
Phng thc kt ni GPRS v cc tham s c thit lp tng ng vi cc
tham s ca dch v GPRS ca nh cung cp dch v mng di ng GSM
VinaFone ti Vit Nam. Cn thay i cc tham s ph hp, tng ng vi
mng di ng c la chn:
Mng GPRS ca Mobi Fone:
AT+CIPCSGP=1,m-wap,mms,mms<CR>
Mng GPRS ca Viettel Mobile:
AT+CIPCSGP=1,v-internet,,<CR>
Thit lp kt ni vi GPRS SERVER c a ch IP l222.252.96.179, port
2505 vi phng thc truyn nhn l TCP.
Thng bo lnh 8 c thc hin.
Nu kt ni c thc hin thnh cng, trong khong t 3 n 4 giy, module
s gi
v chui thng bo kt ni c thc hin thnh cng
Nu sau khong thi gian trn m khng nhn c chui thng bo kt ni
thnh cng, kt ni chc chn s khng thc hin c, cn xem li cc
trng hp sau trc khi bt u khi to li kt ni t bc 3:
Module ang trng thi PDP Deactiviated: do khng c d liu
truyn i trn mt ng truyn c thit lp trong mt thi gian di
(khong vi gi ng h), h thng mng s t ng hy kt ni v a
71
11
12
13
14
module tr v trng thi PDP Deactiviated. Trong trng hp ny cn

reset li module trc khi bt u thit lp kt ni.
Truyn mt gi d liu c s k t cn truyn i l 5. S k t ti a c th
truyn
trong mt gi l 160 k t. Nu s k t cn truyn ln hn 160 k t, module
s t ng tch thnh hai hay nhiu gi d liu v truyn i.
nh dng ca chui tr v l >
Sau khi nhn c chui >, d liu truyn i cn c a vo, v d chui
gi i l 12345, module s t ng truyn gi d liu i sau khi nhn s
k t cn truyn (khng cn k t kt thc chui).
Thi gian truyn d liu khong 1 n 2 giy, ty theo s byte cn truyn.
Thng bo qu trnh truyn d liu c thc hin thnh cng.
Table 23: Gii thch lnh AT Command
72
CHNG 3: THIT K PHN MM (SERVER)

1. GPRS TCP server v cc chc nng c bn
1.1 Tng qut v GPRS Server
y l chng trnh trn my tnh dng truyn nhn cc gi TCP gia h
nhng c thit k modul GSM/GPRS v my tnh c kt ni vi ng truyn
internet cng cng ADSL.
Trong thc t c nhiu s la chn v cng c xy dng chng trnh ng
dng, y s dng phng php lp trnh socket vi C#.Net bi nguyn nhn sau:
tin cy cao.
D dng xy dng ng dng da trn cc cng c ca Microsoft Visual
Studio.
Ph hp vi cc ng dng da trn lp TCP/UDP.
Chng trnh ng dng c xy dng trn lp TCP cho php nng cao tnh
linh ng ca ng dng, do khng phi ph thuc vo cc ng dng lp cao hn nh
FTP, HTTP, ng thi cho php gim bt d liu lu thng trn ng truyn, tit
kim chi ph duy tr h thng, do khng phi thm vo cc protocol tng thch vi cc
ng dng cc lp cao. Ngoi ra, module SIM300CZ h lp TCP/IP, do vic xy
dng ng dng trn lp TCP/IP l s la chn ph hp nht.
Thc ra c hai s la chn y, l TCP v UDP. y l hai phng thc
truyn nhn d liu ph bin trong cc ng dng lin quan n internet. Mi phng
thc truyn nhn u c u nhc im ring:
TCP
UDP
tin cy khng cao. Gi d liu ch

m bo tin cy ca gi d liu
c truyn i m khng cn bit n
c truyn i do qu trnh kt ni v bt
trng thi kt ni gia client v server,
tay cht ch gia client (trong trng hp
khng cn bit gi d liu c truyn c
ny l module SIM300CZ) v server.
n ch hay khng.
Tc truyn nhn chm hn so vi
Tc truyn nhn nhanh, do khng
UDP, do phi ch gi d liu bt tay ca
cn phi ch cc gi d liu phc v cho
gi d liu trc trc khi gi d liu
qu trnh bt tay khi truyn nhn.
tip theo c truyn i.
73
Table 24: So snh TCP UPD
Cc thng tin truyn nhn trong h thng yu cu phi kim sot c cc lin
kt gia cc module SIM300CZ v GPRS TCP Server, ng thi yu cu tin cy
cao trong qu trnh truyn nhn, nn TCP l s la chn ph hp.
1.2. Chc nng ca Server

Qun l, gim st cc thng tin cc im o v d lin quan ti ton b h thng
thu thp c t cc im o. Lu tr, sp xp ton b d liu t Client gi v thng
qua giao thc c thit k sn. Ti y c cc cng c phn mm cho php thao tc
vi ngn hng d liu, cng c lc, tm kim thng tin, xut bo co v a vo my in
v c kh nng cung cp s liu cho cc n v khi cn thit.
1.3. Cc tnh nng chnh ca Server

Khi to, lng nghe v chp nhn kt ni t Client theo giao thc TCP/IP.
Thu thp v qun l d liu cc im o:
Qun l thng tin cc im o.
Qun l thng tin chi tit cc im o (nhit , p sut, m, .)
Tm kim v lc thng tin theo yu cu ngi s dng
Xut thng k bo co ra mn hnh v my in.
1.4. S khi
74
Figure 56: S khi Server v cc im truy cp.
Modem ADSL : l thit b kt ni trc tip vi Server ca h thng, l thit b

trung gian gia server v cc thit b client. Thit b ny c nh cung cp mng
Internet cung cp cho a ch IP Client c th tm, kt ni v truyn d liu thu thp
c n Server.
Server v c s d liu : L thit b c chc nng lu tr v sp xp ton b
thng tin pha Client gi v, ngi s dng c th xem, tm kim v xut ton b thng
tin thu thp c ra my in hay xem trc tip thng qua phn mm Server c ci t
trn h thng ny nu c quyn.
Ngi dng : L mt hoc nhiu cc my trm c th kt ni n my ch
Server tm kim hay xut cc thng tin cn thit ra my in thng qua phn mm ci
trn my ny.
My in : l thit b xut thng tin theo yu cu ngi s dng.
1.5. La chn thit b v phng n cho Server
Phn mm lp trnh : Microsoft Visual Studio 2008.

Cng ngh : .NET.
Ngn ng : C#.
C s d liu : SQL Server 2005.
My tnh cu hnh :
o Chip Intel Core2 Duo, Win XP tr ln, Ram 2GB, HDD 1TB
o V c s d liu do vic thu thp d liu l thng xuyn v lin tc nn
khi lng d liu lu tr li l tng i ln. Vi dung lng cng
la chn 1TB th d liu c kh nng lu tr trong vng 10 nm
Modem ADSL - Internet :
o Hot ng tt v c cung cp IP bi 1 nh mng bt k. S dng thu
bao dch v ca nh cung cp mng VNPT hoc FPT
o Tc truyn d liu c th khong
75
2. S thut ton.
2.1 Lu ng nhp h thng
Figure 57: Lu thut ton ng nhp h thng.
Khi khi ng chng trnh, c thm xem v trch rt cc thng tin cn thit
ngi dng phi c ti khon ng nhp vo h thng. C 2 trng hp xy ra :
Ti khon ng nhp tn ti th ngi dng ang nhp thnh cng v thao
tc trn h thng vi quyn ca mnh.
Nu khng tn ti ti khon th phi ng nhp li.
76
2.2 Lu Kt ni Client Server
Figure 58: Lu thut ton kt ni
Khi ng chng trnh ci t trn Server, ngi qun tr nhp cc gi tr yu

cu l Port v IP theo ng nh dng. Nu nhp sai h thng s bo li v yu cu
nhp li theo ng yu cu. Khi gi tr nhp vo tha mn, Server chuyn sang sang
trng thi lng nghe v sn sng kt ni khi c bt c Client no kt ni ti.
Khi c kt ni v d liu truyn v, Server nhn d liu, kim tra v bt u qu
trnh cp nht vo c s d liu.
77
2.3 Lu Cp nht d liu sau kt ni thnh cng
Figure 59: Lu thut ton cp nht d liu
Sau khi kt ni thnh cng, Server nhn cc gi d liu truyn v t pha Client,
lc ny Server s tin hnh kim tra gi d liu xem tha mn cha, nu tha mn
th bt u qu trnh bc tch cc phn d liu v cp nht ln lt vo c s d liu.
Nu d liu sau khi truyn v khng tha mn th s a ra thng bo li d
liu.
78
3. Lm vic vi GPRS Server

3.1 Giao din chnh ca Server
Figure 60: Giao din Form Main
Ngi dng s dng mt trang dch v bt k trn internet (v d nh

http://www.whatismyip.com/ ) kim tra a ch ip internet ca mnh
79
Figure 61: Kim tra a ch IP Internet Server
Cu hnh modem ADSL m port (v d 2020,3000).
Figure 62: Cu hnh m cng cho Modem ADSL.

80
Nhp cc gi tr IP v Port ln text ca Server v nhn nt Start a Server

vo trng thi lng nghe ch nhn d liu t Client.
Figure 63: Server trng thi truyn nhn d liu thnh cng
3.2 Giao din ng nhp
Figure 64: Giao din form ng nhp
Ngi s dng cn ng nhp vo h thng c th xem cc thng k v xut

in bo co.
81
3.3 Giao din thng k chi tit im o
Figure 65: Giao din Form Thng k chi tit im o
Thng k ra mn hnh ton b thng tin chi tit ca 1 im o gm c thi gian,

m v gi tr o ca cc cm bin truyn v.
3.4 Giao din chn in bo co
Figure 66: Giao din Form Chn thng tin in bo co

82
PHN 3: KT LUN
Sau khi hon thnh ti, em nhn thy li ch ln nht m ti mang li cho bn
thn l s t tin khi nghin cu v cc thit b phn cng cng nh kh nng lp
trnh phn mm v lm vic theo nhm. Trong qu trnh trao i vi thy gio hng
dn, thy D Thanh Bnh, cng vi n lc nghin cu ca bn thn, nhm chng em
xy dng thnh cng m hnh thu thp d liu mi trng t xa qua GPRS.
ti hon thnh v em xin nu ra s iu m ti lm c:
Nm c nguyn l hot ng ca cc thit b SIM300CZ, vi iu khin
Atmega128 vi chng trnh v mch minh ho.
xy dng c mt chng trnh hon chnh, h tr ngi qun tr thc hin
vic gim st v lp bo co v cc thng s o c.
Tuy nhin, mt iu ng tic m em cha thc hin c trong ti ny, l s
dng cc cm bin s vo thc t theo chun 1 dy. y s l mt gii php rt hu ch
nu ta cn xy dng mt mng cm bin trn mt phm vi a l rng vi iu kin rt
khc nhau. Tuy nhin, y chnh l hng pht trin ca ti m em c nh thc
hin trong tng lai.
Ngoi ra trong qu trnh thc hin c th cn nhiu thiu st khc v mt chng
trnh hoc v mt k thut m em cha pht hin ra. Em chn thnh mong mun nhn
c nhng kin ng gp ca cc Thy, cc C nhm gip cho ti hon thin
hn.
Mt ln na, em xin chn thnh cm n thy gio D Thanh Bnh v cc thy c gio
trong khoa K thut my tnh v nhng kin ng gp qu gi, gip em hiu r
hn v nhng g mnh cn phi lm trong n.
83
PH LC
1. Socket
Socket l mt giao din lp trnh ng dng mng. Thng qua giao din ny
chng ta c th lp trnh iu khin vic truyn thng gia hai my tnh s dng giao
thc mc thp l TCP, UDP C th hnh dung socket nh l thit b truyn thng hai
chiu gi - nhn d liu gia hai my tnh vi nhau.
Cc loi socket
Socket hng kt ni (TCP Socket)
Socket khng hng kt ni (UDP Socket)
Raw Socket
c im ca Socket hng i tng
C 1 ng kt ni o gia hai tin trnh.
Mt trong 2 tin trnh phi i tin trnh kia yu cu kt ni.
C th s dng lin lc theo m hnh Client/Server
Trong m hnh Client/Server th server lng nghe v chp nhn mt yu cu kt
ni.
Mi thng ip gi u c xc nhn tr v.
Cc gi tin chuyn i tun t.
c im ca socket khng hng kt ni
Hai tin trnh lin lc vi nhau khng kt ni trc tip.
Thng ip gi i phi km theo a ch ca ngi nhn.
Thng ip c th gi nhiu ln.
Ngi gi khng chc chn thng ip ti tay ngi nhn.
Thng ip gi sau c th n trc thng ip gi trc .
S hiu cng ca Socket.
c th thc hin cc cuc giao tip, mt trong hai qu trnh phi cng
b s hiu cng ca socket m mnh s dng.
Mi cng giao tip th hin mt a ch xc nh trong h thng. Khi qu
trnh c gn mt s hiu cng, n c th nhn d liu gi n cng ny
t cc qu trnh khc.
Qu trnh cn li cng yu cu to ra mt socket.
84
2. Gii thiu v NameSpace System.Net v System.Net.Sockets

Cung cp mt giao din lp trnh n gin cho rt nhiu cc giao thc mng. C
rt nhiu lp lp trnh.
Ta ch quan tm n lp IPAdress, IPEndPoint, DNS,
2.1 Lp IPAdress
Mt s Field cn ch :
Any: Cung cp mt a ch IP ch ra rng Server phi lng nghe trn
tt c cc Card mng.
Broadcast: Cung cp mt a ch IP qung b.
Loopback: tr v mt a ch IP lp.
AddressFamily: tr v mt h IP hin hnh.
Mt s phng thc cn ch :
Phng thc khi to
IPAddress(Byte[])
IPAddress(Int64)
IsLoopback: Cho bit a ch c phi a ch lp khng.
Parse: Chuyn IP dng xu v IP chun.
ToString: Tr a ch IP v dng xu.
TryParse: Kim tra IP dng xu c hp l khng.
2.2 Lp IPEndPoint
Mt s phng thc cn ch :
Phng thc khi to
IPEndPoint (Int64, Int32)
IPEndPoint (IPAddress,Int32)
Create: To mt EndPoint t mt a ch Socket
ToString: Tr v a ch IP v s hiu cng theo khun dng a Ch: Cng, v
d: 192.168.1.1:8080
85
2.3 Lp DNS
Mt s thnh phn ca lp
HostName: Cho bit tn ca my c phn gii.
GetHostAddress: Tr v tt c IP ca mt trm.
GetHostEntry: Gii p tn hoc a ch truyn vo v tr v i tng
IPHostEntry
GetHostName: Ly v tn ca my tnh cc b
2.4 NameSpace System.Net.Sockets

Mt s lp hay dung: TcpClient, UdpClient, TcpListener, Socket,
NetworkStream...
to ra Socket: Socket(AddressFamily af, SocketType st, ProtocolType pt)
Table 25: Bng giao tip trong mng
3. Threading
3.1 Mt s khi nim
a nhim (Multitasking): L kh nng h iu hnh lm nhiu cng vic ti mt
thi im.
Tin trnh (Process): Khi chy mt ng dng, h iu hnh s cp pht ring cho
ng dng b nh v cc ti nguyn khc. B nh v ti nguyn vt l ring
bit ny c gi l mt tin trnh. Cc ti nguyn v b nh ca mt tin trnh
th ch tin trnh c php truy cp.
86
Tuyn (Thread): Trong h thng, mt tin trnh c th c mt hoc nhiu chui

thc hin tch bit nhau v c th chy ng thi. Mi chui thc hin ny c
gi l mt tuyn (Thread). Trong mt ng dng Thread khi to u tin gi l
Thread s cp hay Thread chnh.
3.2 S dng Thread trong cc chng trnh .Net

s dng Thread trong .Net ta s dng NameSpace System.Threading
3.2.1 Mt s phng thc thng dng
Table 26: Cc phng thc dng trong Thread
87
3.2.2 Mt s thuc tnh thng dng.
Table 27: Cc thuc tnh dng trong Thread
3.2.3 To mt tuyn trong C#

..
Thread newThread = newThread(new ThreadStart(newMethod));
.}
Void newMethod()
{
..
}
3.2.4 S dng Thread trong cc chng trnh Server

a tuyn hay c ng dng trong cc chng trnh Server, cc chng trnh
i hi ti mt thi im chp nhn nhiu kt ni t Client n.
88
cc chng trnh server c th x l nhiu Client ti mt thi im ta c m

hnh ng dng a tuyn nh sau:
Figure 67: To Socket bng Thread.
89
TI LIU THAM KHO

Trung Chnh, Module SIM508 dng cho ng dng GPRS, ng Vit Electronic
Solutions Co. Ltd.
http://icviet.com/download.php?f=gprs.pdf Ln cui 5/2011
Copyright 2008 L Trung Thng, Vi iu khin AVR ATmega 128
http://www.dientuvienthong.net
o Duy Lu, Lp trnh mng vi C# - V d c th
http://www.ebook.edu.vn/?page=1.39&view=8961 Ln cui 5/2011
Copyright SIMCOM Limited , Hardware Design SIM300C_HD_V2.04, A company
of Sim Tech.
http://simcom.us/support_detail.php?pid=8 - Ln cui 5/2011
Copyright SIMCOM Limited , AT Commands Set SIM300C_ATC_V2.00, A
company of Sim Tech.
Copyright SIMCOM Limited, TCP/IP Application Notes, TCP/IP APP_V1.0, A
company of Sim Tech.
90

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TRNG I HC BCH KHOA H NI

VIN CNG NGH THNG TIN V TRUYN THNG

H THNG THU THP D LIU

Sinh vin thc hin : Bi c Kin

PHIU GIAO NHIM V N TT NGHIP

ThS. D Thanh Bnh.

Tm hiu tng quan v h thng thu thp d liu t xa qua GPRS.

Tm hiu v nh gi chung v kh khn, tnh kh thi, hiu qu cng nh nhu cu v

PHN CNG CNG VIC

DANH SCH NHNG T VIT TT

Asymmetric Digital Subscriber Line

Base Station Center

Gateway GPRS Support Node

General Packet Radio Service

Hard Disk Driver

Internet Service Provider

Open Systems Interconnection Reference Model

Protocol Data Unit

Random Access Memory

Reduced Instructions Set Computer

Read Only Memory

Serving GPRS Support Node

Short Message Services

Structured Query Language

Transmission Control Protocol

Virtual Private Network

Wide Area Network

Figure 42: Add th vin pcb vo schematic................................................................... 62

1.1.3 Port C (PC70) ..................................................................................... 37

1.4. S khi ................................................................................................... 74

PHN 1: T VN V NH HNG GII PHP

2.V phng din con ngi v sn xut

CHNG 2: TNG THIT K

Figure 1: M hnh tng quan h thng

Xy dng mt h thng c kh nng thu thp tnh ton x l thng tin cc d

Phn cng c kh nng o c cc thng s ca mi trng cc v tr khc

Figure 2:M hnh tng quan thit cc Modul phn cng.

tng thch vi phn cng thit k th bn trung tm phi xy dng mt

Figure 3:M hnh tng quan thit cc Modul phn mm

2.Vn lin quan v phng n la chn

Figure 4: M hnh Server

Do c th ca m hnh thu thp d liu l khong cch xa nn phng thc

truyn ti qua l d liu ca 22 cm bin trong mt ln truyn d liu, thng tin ca 22

2.2 Thit k mt im thu thp

Ti mt im thu thp d liu th ta c mt s phng n la chn gii php v

i vi module CU th trn th trng c nhng kit chuyn dng lm vic

Figure 6: Kit Atmega16L

Figure 7: Kit Pic

Figure 8: Kit ARM9

S dng cc kit ny c tin cy cao h tr tt. Nhng vi nhng kit ny th

Figure 9: Kit SIM548

Figure 10: Wavecom Module

Figure 11: Kit Freescale

Gii php th 3: thit k t u a ra mt module hon chnh ch s dng ph

y la chn vi iu khin atmega128L c 8 chn ADC v c 2 cng Com

Figure 12: Cu trc GPRS c pht trin da trn mng GSM

SGSN c nhim v to tuyn v qun l a ch IP. SGSN cng vi cc u cui

GGSN ng vai tr kt ni cc u cui GPRS trong mng n cc ISP