A proximity sensor is a sensor able to detect the presence of nearby objects without any

physical contact. A proximity sensor often emits an electromagnetic field or a beam

of electromagnetic radiation (infrared, for instance), and looks for changes in the field or
return signal. The object being sensed is often referred to as the proximity sensor's
target. Different proximity sensor targets demand different sensors. For example,
a capacitive photoelectric sensor might be suitable for a plastic target;
an inductive proximity sensor always requires a metal target.
Typical applications include the detection, position, inspection and counting on
automated machines and manufacturing systems. They are also used in the following
machinery: packaging, production, printing, plastic moulding, metal working, food
processing etc.

OPERATING PRINCIPLES FOR INDUCTIVE PROXIMITY SENSORS
Inductive proximity sensors are used for non-contact detection of metallic objects. Their
operating principle is based on a coil and oscillator that creates an electromagnetic field
in the close surroundings of the sensing surface. The presence of a metallic object
(actuator) in the operating area causes a dampening of the oscillation amplitude. The
rise or fall of such oscillation is identified by a threshold circuit that changes the output
of the sensor. The operating distance of the sensor depends on the actuator's shape and
size and is strictly linked to the nature of the material.

Outputs:
DC Voltage

2 wire DC: These sensors contain an output amplifier with the function N.O. or N.C. that
can pilot a load connected in series. In this system a residual current flows through the
load even when in the open state and a voltage drop occurs to the sensor when it is in
the closed state. Attention must be paid to these restrictions when selecting relays or
electronic controls to be used with these sensors. They are compatible with P.L.C. units.

3 & 4 wire DC: These amplified D.C. sensors contain an output amplifier. They are
supplied as 3 wire with function N.O. or NC and as 4 wire with complementary outputs
(NO + NC) in the types NPN and PNP. Standard version include protected against short
circuit, protected against polarity and peaks created by the disconnection of inductive
loads. They are compatible with P.L.C. Units