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HI 461 369
,
U\1\1 1
<J jJ'K i" R1 it1JI i"
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lUI. 1870 t'I4'1,.t"
, "J _,.. v .IIS " '.i ' .. _ 0>
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v ....., _ I ..
qJ (R.I'l. 1904-1905) PlftUM'I4L'l.PI11NLn1"ll (R.I'l. 1950-1953) ",'1'I4LnJltl'I4R1fJ
L" Lm"aL0'14 !It""lJI Ln1" LtI'14t1'IlL'II'lLii nLLRNRnllh"qJII1nli. LW '14t'1414n1'
Lil U4tll nG4LtI'141.1,:: L'II'l,;'R1'LL" n1'" UR11NU 1"UB,41 '14
- - "!Ii.l.l ... .I !Ii. . -. v v JI! "'!Ii
1.1'::1"1'l1ftPl'Ln1"llL'U'I4L'U."R1'LLnn1,..
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,.I iii .. .. ... .... f'"

L"nn LLrmIlYli (Graphite) ';-tftLJII'14 '1U4LL"t LtlM'14
If .. llo &1&1.1- ...
LLII'I41fJ10 (Vatu) U'IlI'IIftLL'm (Power polillcs)
ft1\loN L"'lt lJIN1U"1iUn'14 t'l4t1ll1::,;' 111RtsiLU'I4LL"titn1'LnV'11 LLll::1Ji it U11i1
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(Altalc SpeakIng Language)
HI 461 371
4.lnVllllltll.

LLII::L\lllIfltI",cm1
lIfJO&l1llN'I'I11i-m1lil'
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T1f!/EIO (Choson) 3 r1E11l1f1.1l1lln111 fl11NLUllILEln'1!/!lElOLm,,5
tl1I:1l1CU 108 iI OElllll'l;1'lfln111 '\Ul1fJ\i'1!/10l'ftlll (Han)
Lm,,5 400 iI wlio 1'1.". 313 LLRLLal'l;J:liLEln'11f
tllll'l.A.4OO Ln1"Rill.iilLElnl11'w leliln11LLuoElElmu'IlI1'l1IlEl1cu1in, (Three klngdoms)

ml'liftlli1li101'111N
Llil;(1JlfuRElL'itaomfJ'l'lEl"N1ULn1'l'l1t'lllIlal'mNEl1cu1im!olIliLLO
1.
2. EI1CU1imun! (Paekche)
3. El1CU1in,n1l1 (SlIIa)
,ht';Ln1'1'11'ti'fu1l,,1l"1IE11't111"N''''
LtI"'Il"N!l1''SftfJ LLal'Il1t1"iOLn1"thl';'ULEln'111LLIl:1CU'Ofln1,,,&i10i'Ullll'llllG'IlIElEln'lllEln
tl1:L"" t", I'I.A. 668
El11lI1in,all1 LLR1I"1l"1I''IlIi'OI'lOilU,1ntlElC Lm'l'll'ti8E1N;'U1'I11NL'.(1J!lElO''IlILLIl:;'ULI.'U\J
wncmn'llli1 '1I1.El "aO'1" (Uttle Tang) LilElo
(Kyonglu) LLIIlUJ'IlI11l1\l'n
.. .1 _ .f I '.11 v.... v.'
LJlElNm'IIE1'UuIlO'l'l'1I;'11'KNnvfI'1811l1 "'.f!. 780 LLIlI:IIIIJln11l11E1nlWnVlll'1fJ'I'I1:ElOI'I 'I'IN!l1lI L\JllI
372 HI 461
YELLOW
SEA
,
KOREA DURING THE
THREE KINGDOMS"PERIOD
(AROUND 4 0 ~ O . )
SEA
(
OF
JAPAN
HI 461
373
L"IIlLtl'LlIlllntl4IfJtttm,.ri\WIt 'W;81l,
_I _._..I! Y' I II .!! , !II T .!! II',
m-.lJnlll,at 1n48l61:III1JII1tL1'II'l''Ilo'lloWlIU'I'llohaaanLLll,t'''III..1I1111U'1:m'P1,,,tLLIII'''III1,,,.,, 9
""'Ilo'ntlll
III."'. 936 Q'QtI,da itnt .(Wang kon) lilt.mLfJ'Ilo
nW"ellll:llmtl'llo'TlI1tl4tIllL"S' (Koryo) ''IlotlllsilLilatLJIl''Ot (Kaesong) LfJ'Ilo'1tI1,,\t
m,,,5t'llo1lN!I,,.,tAtIllL"!I' ('I."'. 918-1392)
"'IloltJt'14'"I'If11tllll:LL1J1JarhtilLfJ'IloPi", otPi, LatInnf'llo 11",:1J1Jn1,tInlII,atItlllt3t1LL1J1J''Ilo
"",tl4t1llL"fJ,\1', sqIIILllfIllI ri1J ..ntn"11nt S'llo.. nd" ili0 lith:1l1Jri1JIII" II LLPlnllfJnilt
e'l'llo"ri'lloLEltll1fJL'Ilo 12 Lm'llthin"L1i',
(Feudal Period) Uw.U'Ilo'nll,tilm''IIftLllfIllIn1lt1ft'llo1llllllnlililt,j''IloLtlatllll:n"
ln11'llo'llIl,fJlllft"n",nLLll'lloi (Manchu) L'Ilo 111.1'1.
(Yuan) !Jattl"IlElttnlllifibLn1'11ftllll::tlci'llolllillln';'II'fJm'''ft''Ilo''1JI'I'1Jtlllfli'lloL'II,iit 50
'] L'Ilo 1'1. 1'1. 1258 Lm'llftfJallafJ1JtlOllattnll
Lil 0if'llo""'ltAtI'lL;f1,i,f1J,ilall!Jttnil u.ci, lJiil"",tl'1't'llNt'lloll' u."'Iloililia "",tl'fu
(YI) (VI 1'1.1'1. 1910
Y .... '" Y .. ,y II .. it
allfl11tl'lt..'Ilo 15 LLPl'llIl.. 'Ilo
.
T""i<lIl;'<ltlU<I If<l PI'"
II ,y ... _o!':y !'I y.
Plt U.Plllllfl11",tl'lIl'lL1S'l 10''1111 IIIILL1Jt"'Ilo!J'Ilont"IlLlJ'IloliIt'llo
1. (Hereditary Aristocracy)
y ... ... !'I':'. !'I" ........ "':Y..
'""n"':liI1JUt
LLPl"li",oU",'OtN,nN'tJ (Absentee landlords) fI1,NiitL'IIqj!J!JtPl':Olltl,t'] L'Ilo"'I4''I4d'iillii
LU'IloL'IIIIlr1OL.nlil"''l'NlaJatuf'14
ftnn"u.II:e''I4""a'llo:'! PlIIOIII''I4u.!1tli''I4n'lloLU'I4ilrtl'lIIt111'14!JOt''':11'''ltl'f

'I4""'IIII'lt Ldon,:li,!ifilU'I4LIII m'L'Ilo'L'YII'IN1,;
11 . " ""'.1 .. ...
L!J'LH' "'Ilo!l'lloUtPl'NIJNIl1"IU'I:'YI0tll'14 (Local aristocl'llCY) ..'II'Ilo"'lJn""at,,1;), U.1I:L"f)LlJ'14
L.I y " Y I! .1... .!'.. lIllI !"t. ....__ 1 ".. "
m1rrllJ'=rmfI'l1N,t'Mn" ..
2. a'NllI!l'l4 tI'II,x,ilLJflI11Vtl,n1 '] LLci'lu.tl
.::m'll'llolil (Corvee labor)
374 HI 461
3. 1-,,;. iihf1iliri1L'Il"U,J",11Il
lallltemftftiiOJ1\l,:L'floLURfl\l,ftmWl1'WtlOO"\l,
ROIl1'11l-'OR81ei'ri1"\l,flll\l,"'\,,aJLW'od'
.. .. ."1. I .. ...
1. 1l""v"1LL,,\l,t11llm, 1lU1141;Jn1'LIlOOLLft:Il'nfl\l,
1l1nll1fl 2 nqll ('two groups-Yangban) LrJ\l,1l\l,

2. 1l\l,I\l,na1o
3. ft1i'l!ll\l, Lilfll11,;'lmJllft:\';Il'1001\l,LLniJ Il\l,l\l,,f\l,

4. 1", AO m'lln, 'n1a tftLillii W1LLafloLPi\l,iiW;1/\\l,
t",\1ftTHIn"t.In"Uh'
t \l,i1iPJ ll,n II m'ltln 1;)1\l,
(Matriachy) n1'lt1nll'Ot1iWfull;i'llPJN
IllliPJ N nPiOt!lo\Jo"moom'l1!l'li1\l,1;Jm,tInll'lOO
1\l,Ll'l"itPJ1PJLn1"ii lll'lflt"-"NiieJNtlOtLnl"liil""n1tit iJ\!1l1L'n'W
1-11n1-l1PJ Flo eiileiiifl (Shamanistic demon
i'1PJ Pl11l lil'l5\111t1lJOWlU1!1";lJ'I'INlJ PJ1) MON1 t 3 Ln1'1'1iiiu01'lPJ1l"N;J1nll\l,M10,
tWl11l L'I'I \t!Jl1!Jt LElL!l PJ llll:01'PJ Il lihlPJIIL'n'" 1IU\l,11 "-'11l All \t1Fl!J
Ll'11'1!1@lUII1PJII 11-'0 F1;)1nli'Pl11.1111-1;)1n Lil!JLLII:'I'Iii
tlnFl'l!JOLn1'1'1R n1'ltlnFl'lDOPl11lFl ;iitPJ nn1-,liLtiRPJ\l,ltI FlPiIl'l'l1
(Lo-Iang 'I'I;lJ Nang nang)
iiLllJOL\JPJ0PJ10 (P'yong yang) LtI\l,LllJO'l'lft-'O
, l< J d !'\ "tI tI ...oJ tI" l< .J
,"Ullill,","N1 ;),"LN ElLn1'1'1a L\J,"L!J n'1!1u,ft, 2 llUUn1'l nFl'l!JO'ilOL1Jft PJ\l,1l aO!J nFl'l 0'l'l\l,0
ii0 '" L01'1'1 iit'"IIiPJ lJ1 n'lil ft1io,hLU,"PilJotl;utll0n1,tI nfl'llJ 0t",PJ;u llUUDd10
tI ...
IItl1U,"n1'l nFl'llJOu,a:LfI"l1!t.!nillJ!J0;)\l, LVI"l1: L\l,"l:PJ:", Lafl,",PllJ\l,\l, ':LUPJUU,UUu'1.I,"1\l,
Ii'OFl NLn1'1'1ft LalJ 1ll'l'l1Nat111miilJU;):1aJ lJlaJil u,tI .lJ d10h Pl11l Ln1"IiioFl02t1u,uUlJd10
Ln1'1'1li1lli'li10 L!I," 'I'Iinn1'lil11111;ili1Lit", L li1'1'1\l,P1ftCl1\l,111V1u,ft:'I'I,z FlFlft
'lwi
l4iJ"oolmJ
HI 461 375
376
HI 461

1 U ., ii' , ,..,. , U t.
,
d"
",:m\J'YI\lo'l,,,n I n lI"n \lo\lo

" ,..... .
\lo 11U\lo'J1\lo1mnn
(Vi, 'l.R. 1392-1910)
'1111 (Seoul) LU\lo'l1!f01it't\lo 1'1.1'1. 1405 LLll1
'1!fO\lotnci!l fl \lo \lo1'1 t ';\lo01' fJ O'l'l'"Ln1l'1ii'J\lolii El\J n 111lii'11
(China Replica)
.. I 0=1l1li ...1.. "...MIt.I. "".. 1 ..
WlN01'
(Merit subjects) IU\lo;li\\lo i1'Y11a
!I .. .J' ,.. ol,. .'''.1 . u.I_ ... ,_" ..
Lnflll1". ..\loN1nN1fJ'YI111'101'l iii UIii! fJ1 n

t
i 0 El\J i1'Y1 i5'1!fJ u'\'l::IflfJ L1'1 \lo1dl81\lo1'i1li ,11\,;
. (Merit SUbjects)
t .,,1lii'i'\J A'l1N jj A'l1N!f0\JIiil 1'i1 ii t." qi n1'l;l!l'"'l1'i1'l1!f01"lil i1'Y1t
'.i'ln L1P1 a tl1u\lon,;',,'1ti yi1t ,;aC11U\loll1fl'l11 Anifit'YI U,II:: Iiiflll1 fltfl fJ U;fJ1fJ t \lo
8 LLII::i1"l1!fn1''iI::

.. ,. ,.I ... U_I _ _ U ' .s .. _

'l::\J\J'1!fn1,ilO1'L'l0\Jl'ifllftOn;lltl\lo
2 (Vangban) ,::\J\Jao\J
U .. ,.... ol, ol ..._. ""
500 U
t"fJalu LLft1 fl'uu n'l'OttlllfJ01AfJ,::\J\JaO\JI'i"Lft 0mtl \loi1'1!101' Ai'"
u,N'
L1P1i081t,f\lo

".h. .,olu U '" "'_, .. , __ u oll"
.. U,IlI fl

u ..!'L. ol.u !'L .... !II'
(Bureaucratic
u II u.,I '_. ol...; 1 , .. .!<
Factionalism) 1'II1nn1'lllIl'iOflllM\lo11 'iI !lR1a"" "'Ll'I\lopt1fJ
riW1'm.J1!1;!LtIM,trl,..ti1Nrl\J\lo!!l'IJ1!l110ti',S (Opposing policies) t\'';l!la011LtlWlIILL,;t01,lal
. 377
HI 461
..

(State Council)
I'IN::T1!ILfl!l,8n" (Royal Secretariat)
6 llll
1. (Ministry of Personnel)
2.
,
3.
4.
5.
6.
1. 2 I'IN:: (Boards of Censore)
2. (Office of Special Councellors and
Censors)
3. n'N11W'aril" (Office of Royal Lectures on Confucian Texts) n'N;t'fi,

'"iteLLfl::n"LL"nl'l'liNA"L"
01,blm,..n6Iiin4tmJ1Il'

LiNd"',.
2 nqN (YangbBn) Uluntn&i''lit"tWloWl,.
""'1" lLfl::n11fl01NT1!I
,jarildilflW11nlJ ft'NLhimllH&gfImt"'lI'nmtnfwr-milYl1Ylti\Ui18L!eo..nNlL"n
Db lLfl::RIIN1i1l .
b

378 HI 461
l.llo 'ut 1592
1'l.1'1. 1593 'I'Illn'::'I'I,t1
1'l.1'1. 1597 (Ming)
. 1'1.1'1. 1644
1'l.1'1. 1603
..t .I. .1 _.. ...; .r.
1
1
'Ilo 1'l.1'I.
1637 n11tln tl
LLM,f'lloll1
r"""R;'''t1ih'IL''''V!
..,. .. .1 .. ii .. .. Ii
LI'I''ot] !J\l
1'Ilo Lm'l'lftil LLMWOA1oJO'lloL1A1t11!J
(Barter System) ;J1.J111*'I'I1'1e11lii'il1nn1'Ln1.Jm';0101
LLll::\l1n'liilll'llln1'Lnwt'LU'Ilo"lln
NBiill"tll1n 1 r11.J
1'Ilo1'l1ll1,,1!til 13 AD
itn1!JLm. (Zen) LLll::L;;!J'Ilol" (TIen-t'ai)
LI'1,'I.t!ii'''111l
. .. .1...1 .1.. _ ' .. ..
LI'I',*!".. ..

1
.. .I.J ..1.. ... .llI! .. ..
L'!I'Ilo 1l1'ot'i11n"..'Ilol.On!f'llo /11'1!t!111L'unon (Grain Tax) LLll::rn'L'e1mn1.J/11W"'Ilo01'
... ... .... , I ..... ......
,1.J III LL 111 fill OIll'il'lUl1'1.tn1' I'll LLfI '!III ft11l1,m, fJ mn1.J/11'1.t'il1n"1ft LLll::e""111II
!f11'1lo1 "e111li\l1n



l'l'lloel1n'il'llolaJYlol'ilil"'Iloel1n'tiLLft'lloS1,;ftLLll::\jn

. LLPim,R1M1r1l1ltlO1.JLtI"H
Lil'llon1"h-lo'llodLLll::rn,i"fl1l1",r'''L 1'l'11 h1'R1i"""LtI'IloLL1.J1.J LLllnLtlfifl'llobR1
fi"LlloLAlrunao"annaofi",PiOLitufl11'llo1'llo
HI 461 379
L!I\.lo T1"':tJ1111 t'il'a;1!J
(I tI - tI tI ww d .: II f!
Uft:!f\.lo!l\.lo '1I!J\J0111l!l\.loH1 ,::1\PI
111!J''''l'ImW11,ar
.JII w'''tI dol _'w
1I\.loIHLOO111\.lo1!JLD\.lo\.lo\.lo UIl UIJII'I II 01'!JlI"Hn!J1n'l1'i1::L'iI'CY1111
W .sf!' - " .I d 0
IIU 1\.loiln'l!Kll::'I1
,II odd !'I ... W tI tI ..
em11\.loL'I11\.lo\.lo UlJln!J\.lo"'!JIiIIIULPI ,::n1' ,::m,u,n Ln1.,,11
LtJ\.lotl'::L'I1ALftn 1
- JI ".1< ., '.'t .,.1.1 ' , .so'tI.,' .I
n\J Llil 1 u,::n1,'1'1
il1H
.slltl ' II _'" .. w. W d ..1-. l' t
UIlI\.loI'lHtl'l114U\.lo1L!l14Ull"lD.... (Yongjo) tl (Chongyo)
FI.I'!. 1724-1800 UPllll11H

R01umWU,(f81U1QtJUfLn1,.;
ilm\.lon1'1lI11i1 1
Ldo 108 iJrill\.loFliillllmil
d 0 _.. f! !ltH! PI .... !II W ..
400 1J UIlLHiIL'u\.loLllm1!fuil1
IIl.Fl. 1258
1392
..... 1W if II 0.1 .J .. .tI.1
13 IIfJlU
IIl.Fl. 1592

FI.Fl. 1637
""'::'r'I11""Pl1""';/ 1-17 'iI::L11""tR'11
u.N\.lo9 uPIt"fJtI,::1l1A1l'1lJ1i'


1
,\'\JLfJ'Llo

liunn::m..,\loILel::cNmWnt'Llo
380 HI 461
tI W II'.!' .. II !II II '"
Fl11a.ll1 a.lW\Ill Q 'II. ,:L'l'I PI'1!!nU.'II.lrlllnw811 '11.1 n '11.\1 III L'IJ",:UUIII 1.10111111"11 a.I fl
(Ch'ing)
LU14FlW:fJPI
tI,:t51tJ 4 Flw:u.ll:in'l'lit4FlW:LUMW:UPl11.,.' 3 FlN:tI,:t51u' FlW:'t!PI
!II ".I.. ,,_, .,. .. .I ""
("China Hands") 'In'IJ W1:U'N
'1!ftEl401' '"u.dnTni7El4
" .. ,,,, !i!" ,,, .. !'\ tI .I,,,, .. 'tI"
1.10111 'il:L'I'I"11ll11 'II'II.PlEl401'L'I'ILn1'1'1IlLlJ'II. Fl1!/Fl11N
LFl-l4Fli'Fl\ Wri5;PlEl4
6
\ 'll.ElIii III L01'1'1S
.. .1.'1' - A .I, l! , _ ...
L01'1'1Ilr;)1mll ,,14L'II. Fl.Fl'. 1592 1.1011: Fl.Fl'. 1598
,oJ .. _ .I .sa'"'' ... , .sa. "S '
Ln1'1'11l14!1NN1n LN Ln1'1'1llnEl11 '1fl141'l1l4FlElanUPI El
ct _,J ... I It ... II
El11flll"Nr;)MlII1I4r;)El
n1flu.ll: "II \ u.tl1 "fl14ffil41aJt51LlI14
Pi !I1N\ '!1'El1';!/Il" IlLU14aEl nS14Ln1'1'1ft LIl!! il'l'l PI\ '1!l El4fl11 L01'1'1S
1l1n 1.1011:';1\";!f11Ln1'1'1SLEl4,f'll.li114i'n"..1Hi4Fl11NflN,;"'II.llQ14t1,:LYlFl',1flLR!lLEl4

'",f14\ li1141'ilPiIlEl6l1tI
.s-'''' " .II .r ... .I .II ..
'1!f141'l!l L1ElnI1l1!1 L'Wn:Q:'II.14
u.ll'u1ElIll:1'11.PI n'l:LY; fl'L\Jllltl':L'l'I PILn1'1'1 S L01'1'1rlillliiil Fl11Il El141 u.fl El t"

aFl'll.

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HI461 381

Chido
o ( , ..... ....
. .
Yonanam:my6n ._ --
" Chido-ri
. ", ,
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-Advancing Route of Korean Fleet
-Advancing Route of Japanese Fleet KajodO.,-:"
N\< -Place of Destruction of Japanese Squadrons
/ ....
\ Yonanam-myOn
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.

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382 HI 461

....alllHnqll (Yangban)
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1r;i!l1!1n'l::'I'I"t1t '1'1111111t LLal'1II1NI'11Lil t 'l'lqi'l::il
LLIII!l'\.luf1miu!I1n1
.... III i ... d1!!_ ... ell ...... CII CII
fl1111flfllfl 1 LIIlIII::1'\.1l11nmf11fJ?J11Ln1'1'1<l !l11Ln1f1"
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HI 461 383
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Ln1\'1at 1 9
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twotPl1""..;l 19
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11ii Il Il1LM1:'Ih: n111!JLU '14i1l\1V11IIni1'14i1!/11Ln1V1 L;tIlt 'lil'l:LLri'ltl
Pl:1'1U1n LLll: M111l111 LU'I4n'IJ!lIl1!Jt '14 Lu'I4Ji'!Jt L01V1
n\J!luun,.,LGa\1 : ftnt"
M.I'I. 1862-63
tI" 01 tI'
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LLIII !/11L01V111IlM111l2C1n11
!i .,I... l::......... .... I
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n1'LU!lLL (Jesuits) t LU!J
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L;l!J"l'l'l!J1 nl'LU!J m"lPl"l1'il IlW Li1; III LIs!Ii jj
Vi IlW '14'11 nilnri n!i 1Vlll Li1 tlm'YIl'I LU'14i!i n n 'i1LU'14 "nm;!J'14i LI'IJ'IJ
Pl:1'14Pln (Westem Leaming-Sohak)
t 'I41'1;l'l1iiI'IPl1"l,....i! 18 'I4Ln1V1il
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HI 461 385
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(Regent-Taewonkun) !lflow,:Li1Lfil'iluO (Kojong. Fl.A. YI1oluillor;i'141NflO'lUfJ
nUW':1410"N14 (Queen Min)
14LfJU1fJ El i1\U'l1 fi PiLLfl:14LfJ\J1 fJi'J I'lU':LYI Fl PI II Niiifl 001' Ei nlli114
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2 (Yangban) 114m'l&i1Lit 14
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386 HI 461
Ln1,.1 : ..t"ai
lLPlft'nVN::illolfi'!l1!1eiiilllfiIllLn111ft'l,;
it14ltlt14;1 ri\Ui111 nu1'I1111U11'C1141t1E10Ln1l1aLElO nl1\t
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2
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1

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....,. .t.,.. .. ... .. .t .. u
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Hl461 387
ILIIin1J'l4 fl11l1ftlloi'l46
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1II1"tlaJEl14
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II.A. 1598
.

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\I':IlUn1,ni 1'l4.!1'14 8mf" LA'VJliQL;lB
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n':PJ'l4I"L IIn11!1B!11fJlll
(Puzan)

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Hermn Kingdom)
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IiIllfJ14flll!l,"'fI ...lln'il1n...... 'I'" 1iIl'l...IJl'l'll"'ll'ILml'lfl'l'lIlll...1
\h::I'YI1'l "'l'l11fJU.fl::L'IlNU,ih IiIflllliI;j"'l'l14IJl'l'll""n Nil'llin';\tfJN111'Y11
FI'1NLtI... ...iiil'tr;i"l1l!l'1L!I...ri"" ... U,fI:Ul'lIM
ii'li1Yli'IlN ;j::!I.fJ111m1l'1I..;'"'Ofl/i'W 1'1.1N LFI;fJiii "l::l'I1 ""nu 1Ui'.fJLl'Illj Lm'l'l
... ... .
n"l1...th"'1;jIil"'Ll'IitIlLn1l'1fl1r;iLRfJiiLi\ifJ1
ll'1LatJ1::tfJl'I .. Lml'lihuwrJ;ji ("a dependent state of the Chinese
Empire") 1... ...1!11i1 "l::l'I114 1'I.1'l. 1882-1886
IJ"l"llll1l'l.../iRqj1ll11i....iIJ"l1l411Ln1'l'1i!LU...tJ"l::LYlI'lLlln"l1!1
1Pi"l::IJIJm"ll'l4 1l4"l1!lU"l"lW1m1 Lilil il LYl fJ411 nu,!l4f114'nl'11"l1...

11"1';4n1"l u,!i ... ...t...n1"l1'l1IlIJ1'I"l1l4Lml'l iiif,h1,;tV' ...tJ"l::l'lilFl'l1N 4fJ1n1'il
'l'IIlFll"llldu,li. dnnOTIL'\\u Ml. 1885'tRilNl'I101... Allll'lL9fJ
1ilL9fJ iii'tr;iLi3114Y11fl1!11 L"l'll (Lazareff) 1"'!l1fJii4'n::Lfl mu Ll'I'I41l1l1l4Lml'li! U.1I::
(t1amilton) Nl'I101 11ill'l...11ilLml'llil'lN
1'I.1NtI"l::l'l4MIl4;...U6, ...
1';L8NU;4u.1I::1 t ..mcV ...aU 1l41'1ft'4Q1n Lit

...'tiEl14\JEl'll 011Li384

392 HI 461
m"iLih.'OfflfJt
M1'1l.1!f11ii ift]j'rl154t1'lq/AEl ;5nT'i'l1M1'1l.1 ItI'Il.ift]j'rl1,yi'rl1iEl wl&i'

nlli1U'rI'li4 at]jty1u .1'1. 1876 i
'Il.
1882
d.. " !'\ "'!'I t .".!'\ u"if ' ,.. t
3 u Lu'll.L"'l !J
" .. , ... , .. .. I tl"tl
Vl"i:'Il.14"1l'll. ("Min Family")
u"- "'ullil" do'l
tJ14tl !JtJll1
, .. .1.,.1" "" , ", ....
U L ElflllVl L
.011 III ... ..I!!J., I 0. ... a 1 .J
Lm'rl 1l1'1111ln'l:"!l'lEl'l'll.fI'I: t'I 01:1'11 MI 'Il.ll"i"i1l1ll1 n1lI4'1:L"'Il. III '11nm"i"41'1til:
l'I.fl. 1881 1'1. fl. 1883
.... , .. ,
t'Il.2U ,..nm"it'l n".1 Llll:I'r\1l1'1l.nn1"i"lJ"fI LLIl1
... tl1!J'rIti4nqIlEl'lti'nw!JllnElm"ii'stl'l:'r\1'l
.. t " ..,. .I. I<! .,. ""tl
t'Il. l'I.fl. 1882 'iI'Il.
!IEl4Lm"il 1882-1894 111n'WEl' ntJ
m"iilil!f11Lm"iliinnqNit!Jllrlllg'll.tifl5lt!JIl!lEl4111:1'1l.llInN1n
t
"'.... ... I ..... .. I ...
tl"i1"itl'll.1 'I'll.
4 O'll.111'111 1'1.1'1. 1884

ElEln-n'll. (Kim Ok-kiun) uEi::iln!JEl4L6!J1 (Pak Young-hyo) iLtI'Il.'Il"i:
(Independence Party)
.. " .1.'1' tI do'l 1t1 ,,'
Yl'l'lI'lLII'l'll.!JIl!lEl4'l1'1'1l. nElm'j"i:! "i:"1'j!l'll. H1!Jqj
nOm'lL!l1'W"i:1l"1"i1!f14

1tILNEl4ii'IOrlEl4 m"inEl u.IlIUft1!J'l'll.9'l!I1r;iftIll!l114!!J!f'lO:: N'iI'Il.
.. ... 't1.1.'1 ' 1" 't1d ' _01.\ ..
.. lIh'll. L"'ln1"itlll'l"i4'1l.'Il. 1lI'Il.1L \lm"iL'iI"i'il1'j:"114IU '1'1l.ntJ"'Il.Elnl'l"i4
Bh\ljj (Li-Ito Convention)
.l .lu!l! . .. t.l.. t .. d
"In".1un:tlEl'll."t1"1'jElEln'il1mn1"1l1l1!J 'Il.ilLlUJ'Il. un: 'Il.n"itllfl
1'ltl1'1l.n1"iN;1!10'll.tIllLn..
MfI"1"iLi'1Ln11'lil iin.,T4 iEllllnn4d'
HI 461
393
!'\ -."1' , '''.1 10.Yo _ ".k,
llJ\l,n1"l'lfl1.J111"11.'111I'1"l1' L'I'I"l1:aNNN1tJUiIYl"l IlNl1'i1::"lU C1 \l,fI nUllo"
\h::lflFltf\l, ,lIlf/tJlll"YlIlt'ill"""1N"nfI"tf\l,N1n U,fI::U,II.""1tlln1 u'fI"lnLi1ttl11;1"
Ofl B"r'IfIU11\l, '1IIIf/tJIf!\l,1lt ';:",.1N!!.tJl"RIlt \l,01"lIl;1"",.1Nl'il;1IIu,nln1"ii till tJU,fInnuO1"l!l1J

.., ..1' " " ",'I ,,, , .. s , '" "'tI

. ulNIl"111f11!11l"l11 U,fll1"'iI\l,U,fI::1II \l, 111111nm"lltJ1"u'!I"!I\l,'iI\l,,IllutJflll"tJIlNtllltJ I\l,l"lll,,\l,\l,1
. \t'UU,,;,f\l,N1 1 "l::UU1l1'*lflO1n"l O1"l
<PI "'I" "'(I<! - 'ti '
NnIlU"lNl1"1"l u'fI::01"lWl11.J"ln1!f1I\l,O'iln1"lfl1" "l::lf1F1 "l::".1" "'.FI. 1885
.I s,!'\" '2. .I ".11 .. "
1894 11 tJ.\l,ul!lllJ\l,!I1"fl." l!l11,,"r'I!J1tJ1NfI'iI::"ln1!f1'i1\l,11'1N1l1\l,1'illltllJ1111 tJl,,\l,ll101"fI U,fI::
... ... dlll't I........ 11"_ ,j .,... ... I ....r 1.....1 ... d
!I'i1f1Il11tl"r'l filii \l,1l Iln'il1nnqNlm"C1a"ln!!1PI u'" IrttJl\l,IJU,11U,fI. O1"l iii"nfl1. flll"!I\l,1l nu1.J'iI'il tJl1
III Il Il"il,hi"u'1I\l,!J1't1'1"r'1 nile"U,fI::'ot1ln1"ifttI om"ld1"!!1
liNtJ U,fI::101"lPi'fNil",.1Nar\l,,,,,,,,,,, n1"llWO"O1"ltln"'''le"iii.tJ .
.. ..
iHlfllTlNntJ1I::511n"N1I0\1Ln1'MR
1 ln1"RtIi1l1N1"ltl'il::"l.Nn\l,11li' t\l,l1F1."l"l1!f
1880 ""1Nfjn'li"!J10!11l"tl"l::!l1"l11!f!liilllli'u"l"ll111lU1U1"fI"
J,!'\ .l."t' , , ." J _"
tJ ""''' L"'flll\l,1".L1.J\l,l1 ",tJNI\l,1l.fI"lJN"1!!\l, nil N\l, W'!IU.\l,n1"l!l e" IntJ.nu"r'I tl n"l1NU,fI::
, ., ", , .k .. 'tl2. !'\ tlti."1 "
ll1tJFl1llf1"lN1n ""LLfI "'.FI. 1893 nllN\l,lflNl ,,'tJFI.1NLlJ" SJ1.Jn"'fle!l\l,fl1"1i11.LLfI::U,lIfI"
e1'i1'il::nft1.11li'11 ,f"lLJltJ "'.FI. 1894 LlflUfjOl"ft1fjn
",.1N O1"llWe"Ln11'l1,f"a" iii"L!!\l, IIN1"'NiUN"1111l11"l
... I ......
l1NW (Black ocean - Genyoaha) ,ll"UI'l"'t"nqNfl"'t"lnWtlll (Tonghak)

.. n1,Lile"t"Ln1,,1111
""1NLtilltil4ii"f"tmT"\! F1.M. 1894 \l,1tJ"1I0enn\l, \InflfltJft\l1'l1'


L"ft10"t;nWtJII (Tonghaka) '1'1818;1I1i::nll"wLui'"ri lLfI1iflfl "r'I,::l41t"''ilO"Lo"inIi1l1I111tl
'il::",,,tl11unU!l1I"t;nW8111iLS\lori'\l, "r'I'::L4',1I'Ilio"ti",nll;e"tlt\l,1tl"r'lfl81\l,fl"S1tJ LLR

Ulll"t!lfl
lUI. 1894

fie 8,000' "" ,"unurml "IloJoanftit
, 394
HI 461
Lfl10lln'U

(Fl.A. 1820-1898)
HI 461 395
191' IH 96




.

1169 'lIl'"
.. ,.. iI' ,..... Ii f .....
'1\0IJIi I) II'L!ll) IfItl!llU1.0111 fd"1'1\ Lit0 1Il u., UI)
1
Lltl)!'
1>69 'lIl'"
LI4.IbJ:'1\ III 1'1\till,llI [\1'1\tl' I.l' III U "'.!'ItI)k 14IlI4.LU' ULI!JUI)I) I.14. U.
'1\1) UliI. II 11)'I\1I,f\UU S u,"UUl'l\ U 11)11111 U'I\tl' LJol ItLIiLlil4



..
'l\,@ 1IlU., U.LU'ItII '1\ SLIi'l\.ll'l\I)!f'Ii1.13[\'1\1 L",,"
p' ItI.III ,S0 '1\ 111)'1\11' I)1011' I!l&ll [\
'S
'v
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IiOUltOIi1fl1lil.t'
\ftcl

1894
", ".," .. .Yo Il .\ t .,' ....

8 ,,!lm1
11
t
' . ,... !'I ...... .r!.'1 .I ".. ol";j t
l<1'll<1n LW

!J1Lll!J'f (Dairen) LLI'I:L1Vt"L1rJ (Weihaiwei)
6
I: u!il1rJ tiil'
10 Ln11'l8LU'\.I
.... '..Y'.,. olol.l , .. ", .. ' 1"
L!Jm,!I 1LLI'I 1L'IILLnIII
.. . ., f .".c "
(Shantung)
I .1,,11 II.. I I II GIl ... d.. 011 d' ......
m'Yl'll"LLnlll ElWII IlL III LLI'I:141'l

d!Jl<"i1t,;tf1LI'I n m,L'iI''iI1LLI'I:l<'II1 l'i1e1'i1Li1LLYl,nLL 3
17
1895 ,.

r .. '" '1" .! " .. f !I ....
1'1''1'4'14 LLIIlC11111
.! " .J Il" !I ,...1 ".. ol.'h,' - .. ,,, '.. ..'1 " .. ,
,IILlIrJ .. III
m'llil ill 'II ii rJ18j LtJ e14 A IirJ1 III t ,;u. ri

" " .. ",.,ol ..... "
u1'l Lm'lla

1
11LflrJ
HI 461 397

Ln1,,_m.n14
,,1l1l1 .

8 1'1.1'1. 1895
(Chief adviser) nU!lLhL;'lt'l11!KlIlL;;'l1'l,::"N LLtI::1'I1I?I"l'l!IlIf
W'::141f fi"1'I11IlRnR::!l"LLr11"n1't1R,MlIn 1'I'::L4'1tl'l'ill"nlii'II"LL'lIl'l1l1l\J'I'I'ttlili!lih:mUlla
t 1'1. Fl. 1896 ,;'l!'I10WlI

1l1!1tlliQ1!11011lo1'l!lllf'L'l Lf/!I 1'11::L4'1tl'l IIf1&1'111fnri11"1i'JU111Ln I'll SLii ,.d1it!l1l
L\'I1loe'l1'!IFl"lIth::L'I1Fl'll1;l LLlI::t,11III1 III1'I1aJll4 111111I1'l'l14!1 nU"l"l1'l1
(Reform Laws) 1II1111"'L1E11 2 t1,f14 1'I1::L4'1tl'l'lllftlmii.JtI411ml4tJl11
tf,..ftiN!llIf'IlLf/!J "'::fl""'I11",mllall1!11Piii'l10WlI!llIf'ftLf/!l1l1n 1I4Lfill141'1CJ'l!t1111'11l l'I.fl. 1896
w,::lIfPibiLt1,1llt "W'::ft11in t11l1l11tmilfl!l1l1'l111l!h!lL'I11M Ln1'11R
tlll!l1'l11IlL\'II4'lifLLft1 'IlLfI!lftI41'lLLIl\4tLi!l1l1nn11Lm'l1R
11tI 'Ill Pl'1U Llfl4'111f,a1WL'l1!1ft11l1'!loU U (Trans
.... w " w. v .,'1 .. u, ,
Siberia) UfLIlLL'l''lL'UU'1I1!l 1II'1U,"14 'L'lL'lI!lLIlW'IIIl'l1'l::wnUl\I "(14 'II "(I4Lllf"l::!I::14l4n!lfLIl
W;IIIl"lU LYI,1::lIiII"LL'l; 101 L'l;1"ri1lf"lUt"W;IIIlL'l"l"lWr1II'" ,ff l\I '111"IIri14
(l.E.::Janov riu Yamagata Convention) 114 l'I.fl. 38 L\'I14Lill4
LLtlf LllPla'l1BYllll14Lm'l1R LL"'L'lLfI!llll!lIlIlW) Nfl111l "Illtld'r..!lL'l1t111
1. ,ffllil" t "l'i1LL'Il.l:lot L'I1illl'l11"m"lLlI4LLr1Ln1'l1Rt1lom"l';RlI41t1"l::L'I1Fl
2. L'I1illl Lm'l1S,;RlI41t11:: L'I1Fl tlll!l lOW1::m"l';RlI41nll""'WLLEI::lIi1"l1'l
3. ,1'" f'l1"1"lt l4i114114L,hril4LoA1I111i'n1l1Llfl4,.,f"la1'ri L'l1!1t'l11LlIll LLlI::
fl1i'n1l1LllPla'l1B1'IlllllI"P114
.. .I. !'I w.J w,. 0'1 ...!<.. w ...\ 'w
4. 11lon"l1ll'l1'l1L'U1lo1llIlfnf'l1'111'L1l1L1J LI4Lm"II 'l::lIlllflln1"lLL'l"1I ni/1!1'11"l1U1I1f'l1141
nlll4'
1'111IlPlnllf,fI4'WaTl4l'1f LW"l1::11tI'l!l L'it'IILL';LLLi'1 ,;t1n
fl"lllftl"l::L'11 "!lllf'L'lLf/!I LLar'll4ii" LflfiiD-m1'lt14m"lLtiII!II4LLtill" LL""

(Russo-Korean Bank) L\ll4l1f,rn,Pi1Lit1lom, 'L'lLf/!lliil'lltl,.,I4Lft1Pi1Litl4n1"l";RlI41
(Deer Island) f1ffla11loLi!lInh\l'll114 (Pusan)
398 HI 461
J!" .I J, 0 0!l ..! U
t
,"m"nLLfI::NJ1'14::'l'IN'14 _tnm.Wfl'" fl1 L''14 !lflNL\J'14fl'14,.J"nn1"'ru
t"flLQyn::n1'U'14
f'I.l'l. 1898
t 'w. , uK " .....I w u "t w
(Rosen-Nishi Agreement) 'I4fl1'14

1.
2. m,tllLLmnLL nTUn!lt
3. m'j,/1flLm"iiiJnou'Nfl';1'
4. m'jtl'l!lLn1"ilt
u , u , w .I S.I t" "1 '"
1900 l'I.f'I.
n !lll'!L!l!lfiu1'1 Ln1" iiN1n LLfI:: L L\1'14 9i0
o\.l;j1aL!l t Tli1Nt!lUL La; LLfI::9i
1'I.1'l. 1902 t \.I
0'1411'1111 a 1'I'j1NlaL!l!l ntililN" a1NLL'YI'j nLL!I 'YI"1'lt.r il" \.I
t j;j'i'tJ'l r"!l,r!l11 N [jlt \.ILoL! !l111::1\.1o!l n ilt!llaLi1!l ' 7
l'I.f'I. 1895-1903 Lm"iiiliiY11ii!n
I'I.A.1896-1898
o .. lu" '" u... ..,. .. 3
oo\.lLLmn\.l L1J\.I" Il n 'l Lm"II LLIl:: L"111N"1!l1\.11 FJ nI'llNLm"IIN'1O!l1.l> !ItJ11.l>
m'l!l1'lLm"il t" Lm" wlrii\u1.l>iiit!l N
Il!l\.l 111 m'la,rtJ a"1\.I'J1nN'l f1!11.l>LU !ltJ'l1.l>m'luli u LU\.Itl1.l>111'1 v llem
1\.1 I'I.A.1898

1'I.1'l. 1898
LLl1''J::LtI"U'l:: 1"iimN 1\.I#\.I.r\.lni1tliiil f'l11 N
1'I'l1 iii!IiIN1U'1nlj1 0aN11'1 Ni'n!J1tii!l!l
H,ru a"1\.101'j nft\.l;;\.ILm"il
r .." 1 ...., ..3 .." 1wu u t
U t Y11'14N1nN1EJ 1.l>m'l 'l:: !l!l\.l'll'l\.lL\.ILm"f1NLLlilm!l\.l1111Nn111L'lft'l 'II'l'14 liIaN
,;1i'll\.l1 O"i'l N T41Iii!lEJm'NLLft:: LLi\.l t Tl NLi1 \.IntJt!Ill LLft:: LLi".,
S "'1.1 U ,.. 3.... ....! W' ",'I u.r , U ",'I"
'lIlJftL' ntJL'lJft 1 'l 'j::L'YII'l'll 'llUi
;;'Jm'N1nNl!l l'I'OtJl'Iij NLL'YItJ'l n PI a1" n'l'jN LLIl::T41Iii!l!l O"i'lN IlU'l::tEJ!I'It'
-l ll. ..!u .... ow,r .. w
N"11'l1ftL'lI'I4'14\.I!l "'lI LaN
.... w.. w "t 1"
u
nlJ m'''!l1!l1NL!l1f'I' flU iii L'I4L''l'l\.l
HI 461 399
,ftLfI!Jrh

Ln",i1
",nu."ilYiTl''iI::,nAu",.'Il,nn1,

, _01"" u.. .I .I, .. "."1 .....1_.. .. , u ..
tJ'8 IU PI PI 1'l,,11L1'111 LLnu1\1'" L"If IL''ilLPIPI!I'PIll'nn11'i!::8ElIlW!l1I

2 (Tsar
Nicolas II) ..
n
.. u .. "' ...... , .... - ... .I" 11 "
III" !l" PI L11' ......!J\I!I!JIH"I\I
(Tumen) U.&l::L!lPlftlltlm\l
,.. rI. - ".11 .I, ' .. u ..
\I" mn;JIIIPI'L"WIIElL1J L
cI" .. .1,'1 f.. 2 .. ... _. l> 'u.l u
\JLm",l'I '1!f\l1'l 'lWYI 6 l'I.fl.
1904 r:h!l nLrI\lLI'I!I Lm"iInl'I1!J 11",1ii11olo1"
ltltPl!ltl;!I1!1
S'Uf'U'tJih1Ln1,. ft
ft1oloilftt\lI\l1'W!J;PlftNlI (Portsmouth, n1olo!l1!11olo fl.l'l. 1905)
t \lL01"i1ftllth1,n1olo1 il O1,nih.ih.
Ln1"i1 Lm",iI LU1olotl'::L"fl PI';1!1t '"lJilmfl LllLf1!1Pl::1\1!J!Jn;l,hili LUPltI,:: 'YI fl lIJ11,,::
L;'l",;IlB1 dllll ,; ilfJU!IllII"Il \111'.11:: ftU I'l 'l11l1hL;'iIt1olon1,\i1U1olo,t1,::L'YIl'lt",,\lilN!!
.. , .. , '" PI. 11 .. ..,. .. u.l "
L"'"LIil'l1 ...lIil1' (Protocol) LIlIl'l1olo'YI 1
1904 (A Government by
.. .. .1,'1 - , . - , tI 11,.
advisers) 1\I ...
1olol!;iJi,Lit1olon1''IJIII n"i'u, "''l::,hiLtii1olo!l \It1oloL01"iI 'il1nu" 1il1
1l,,1ii11olo1'i1on (Taft-Katsura Agreement, Ltii!J1olo
u _.. '.1<.1., .. '" u.l> _, ....
I'l.fl. 1905) ft"'.!!JLIl,mtJ1olo!J!J1l L1'11\1 ...1olo1'l'l'UFjIlLm"IH'lL'Wllftnliln1.lo1l "1ilL!!!!
".IJN1111'1 (Hegemony) Ln1::Yllltlu1olod

.. .. , ' .I.!i" I!
(Appropriate measure)

400 HI 461
'''llll'n1fm f1.IIl. 1906 i".Lmftt.. (Ito Hlrobuml) ll&'I:TnI'Q..
rhftt,""1'Li1,"'::N"1'1!f1t
U ",'I..
I1,n!ll!lltlll '(..
!II U IS.. . '" J ",I ' .1 U

(A resident general) tlnFl'ItLn".ii
8tl'i1,tFltld !f1'1L01"illiiltlfiii;tl1I111\JtRld1t
i"01,tI,::n'1tld1t,,14'n i"ltnltri1atnlttIJ'

tlnFl'lltL01"Si'1t1Fl'11Ntl1nti1\J1nill!l14'lltl
",I" "" _I.... ",'I u,; - U ..", ...
III I"N01-.tJnFl'lltflIlLN.."10"N III '( "1N
-t I.... ... , l' .. ., _If ... .... III -"II
II '1001'liItnR1'1IJ::ft1111,aan IIJ!/1'1Ln1"ft I '(
.. ... u.. .." t .." .. u '''1u
'( IiItllll '( tlta1111,aFl'II\Jt1 Ln1"ft iii

111",m,a1t10ft1t!llltlit"tI,::a\J"'1111t11nft1\J10111n
U -.Y .. "!II u .I" Ttl .I "'!'I u U u
1ll1ll1," Lm"ft '('Ilo 11i1fl ... :: 11'1 'Ilo1l1,n!l1!111t
\J'1..1N"1li1'1lo1IJII10n:h ".IIl. 1907
- "tI -"' .. , tI .I
t1
IS tI- ,
t1l fl '::Lfll'1 t1l n,tLlln (Haque) fl !lLaO..1
;lIt"lnii'1t1L"'lelft:hL01"b1..
;I 11'14n1'l,rt all,"II"LL'n'llo t ..... llt8t'n"lt R1I\J i .." 1I!1l11,;a"'lll LN; n1!l'1t1 L" itII
10 iJrlLLft'1 a"'lIlLN;mltitllil"'Ilofl1t
O1"lULII n'1!f!llltLm"lit.. tltI"l:: L'Ilo.!l1'1lo::iI...::tIn..'lIt"'IloLlItliiin"111tILLft'1
20
Fl'1111'lltl1t11I1;1IJ::QLII011!/ m'''IIR1'1lo
.. u, ... ...... "!'I u ... , "-"',I .. U
!I tilttI tit III L!lN LL!lt ml elftll'llo!/IIU O'111'n'n11"IU '('Iloa1111,a\J\J\Jt..
U
\H"
..
".1'1. 1907 LLft'1t1nw'::"l1"tll,aef11t,",::aiilIll1ll1
(Sun Jong) 1I1'i1... ,"1::
LLft::..t1l::etln..'lIt!llt,""::lItflL01tn Ln,tna'1li'tI
.1,1 21" .. ,. ." _I .." .:. tI ..
Lilli'"':: LIJ11..IJltfl1taft::"l1!ftl IIn1-.tJ,::mtl1'lIll"ft'1t'n'l '::L'n1'1 .. n
RlIta!l\J"lIm,tI"l1\JtI'1N ".1'1. 1907 Ln1"SRlItB'Ilotlllllti1"'11N"nfttn\J
(A Government by vice ministers) 'In
!'I ",l .. !II ",I .. IS U '"
'( LLft::!l1"l1!fn11LU'Ilo"1'11ll '(" LLft::Pj\JLftnnllt'n'llLm"n "111"'1111111 nftt'llo'llo
t ..,tai1tmltlnFl'Itlllnlld1'lloFl'1111"'1\J"lIl!lllt
H1461 401

Ld!l\ln\l11\Jtl111l,,1-in
1t1,t'l\l1::L"Fl ri!l Lnlil n11'lft1'lft'l'll.ncl\Jnft1!lLu'Il.n\J!I('Il.,MtI
l11!Jl'll. 1 tI 12.000 Fl'll. LU'Il.011!11lft1111
iltti!l1'lLn",ii ('Il.I.non .
t111l Fl111l1aJ 'Il. 'I'l !l1!J1N";PU'Il.1LFl1'tt,!iI'lL01"attiLU'Il.tl1::t!J!l\tu.ri
Lui Fl 'l1NlaJ LFl1"'Jn'lU,ft::Fl111l if'Il.\h'll.lof,:: Lii 011 ,htti011";RI'Il.'l
cD iI'l L01"iit"aJ"N"
ft'''Fl'l1Nli't1,::R"al11'1'lt
ti1!Jqlll
N'lft!l" B'Il.LU'Il.n1,iJ"'JU""1!1l'lLn1"ii U,ft::ti'11l L11'1l.t" , !l1'l
.
. .
"t!ltn t 'Il.n11t1n Ln'l"iitl1::flUFl'l'lNftll L"i,'I'l fit"ill"Fl'l


Fl.Fl. 1909 'l'l1::
, '. ",," lI! iI u ..I 1I! ' oJ
'Il.Fl1M"N1!l\'Il.1"" 26 L"!l"'lft1Flll Fl.Fl. 1909 LIl!l'll.1!l
(An Chung-gun) III fla-m1altllMi'ii" (Harbin) .
'Il.,httiLn1"tl q" nPi ill\I'
Ulll"1Ln1"ilttitf'lL;'ilLR"ft1"Ll'I!JfiLam
ftlJlO1!l\Jtl11\Jtl11Il\J11M1

(Vi. Wan-Yong) 'Il.1!Jn;Jllwn

t 'Il.fl'll.l!iilll1ll11l'll.'lnLn1"ii ,j1'1l."; n;.!Il\Ul'\lnl'l!l\JLIl1 u'l'I::i'lLIl1 1.ni.J
t""I!!l'll.DWl1fi1ll Fl.Fl. 1909 (Coup
de graoe) u\ u,ft::;J Al'It'll.11lt 'Il.l'l'll.Bi1Il1ll11l'll.'In
1910 7 iMOll1
tf1WJimft1.t"ql (0fIt0e of Raaident General)llgmtlis'"ti'll.,hL11en.J
(Ch&en)


, I
402 HI 461
lilIlRWmln1"ftllIi'1
llft::':: Lii!JullUUllU\lo tU \lofillflht'nfllQl::i',JN\loPl;'111!l iiII m'1l1Q1111I'lN
(Cabinet Bureau of Colonial Affairs)
'.1 ' ....'1 ,.. Il' ... "t1 lO! '
PIlley "I \loUll,,\lo\Ul1 ey
.. .. ,t,,,!'I..I, tf'Iw/i*"'" ..I ......
n1'UWmln1"lllfiL

., -t _'.!.'8 1'1. ..'1.:"
(Modem nationalism) .. 1895
li'mJli2t1
1'l11Nfftni1N,;",l O"1'I1!J;O!JI'l\loL.lA'!fN"tN 1
.1 d .., .,--- .. ".1 ..
u"i::I!IW'::NYl1'1!f1fLWOm1!l!ln1I,.,Nn1'PlOPl1\loII/Lj\lo u!ln"J!J1Lf!JUNu'1n!l1l1nn1''''''1'I1!l
1'l\lo1l11111911Ullft::,.,I'll ii 081f1,iiIll1N m,PiEJ 1I\lo1nLn1,., iifi'1!J
j;i &l'1\loUnIJ"i1uIJ"i1N jjln1Y1ii ll"\l'iI::laJiitll mllLAaEJ\lol,.,1
Liiu1YI qj1j;iunLft!! \loIJnI'I'!Jf Ln1Y1iit"!J IIfi111f lif1'l11NAU ft:: 1'111NIJ'1'11\lo1
!f EJ !lImYi O!f1ii
..1..... 11 Illl r cI ... ....
m1l1\lo!f Elf Ln1Y1II IiIN111fLN!lLn1Y1l'1llPl nll!Jn 'I'l nYlJ.:! llft::!fn\lo1
...... ,!f.!! ...... ....... d. .... ..
"nl'lnL!f1U1\loYlIl1!lI'l'fYlI'l1!J1'l'l1 Yl'ON ']
1al6\lo!JElN1';Ln1Y1iiEJd1111Nlhwf1li1unPi ElltI LYl9jft1\lo"itf
N11l1n!f11Ln1Y1iiLElf
HI 461 403
d
1J'l1'l1 3
bm 'VI ft '!l't [;11n'nJ.l fl i.Hi r;I biHI3i16i'
A.A. 191 0
thitnt i'J\.In LLIl:!f11\.11 li1\.1il
rm
iii r Il nJ11!J\.IonPi!l l-l L !l!lU!l 0 1.1 LL9l Ii'\.Il-l1
\I:
LU\.Il'1'1uriIl11 t \.I!lliilil f1.A. 1875
,., .1 .. d ,., .J d .. ",'I
Lu\.l I \.I
.. ,... I
A.A. 1895-191 0
, d d d.'1 .. _. . ....
LLII:Iil!ll-l'l\101\.11\1'1'1Ln m!J \.I fl. A. 1904 1il1!JL'l\1lJ
,.,.. lO",..,.,
\.I A.A. 191 0
d ..' .'1 d ".1 _.- lO ,
m\.l1W 1!JL'l\ 'l'l'1Ln1'l\ ff ,,1!J1\.1'ln nn'HlI \.I!J11\.11'l-l>\.I\.I!lD1i111

........ , lit "" I ...& -1
Ln1'l\ 'l\.II nLIl !JUI 1il1!JL"'l"1l1!J
... 1 .,I.. ..... .,l,t.... ... " .. .1.'1 1"
Inflty
,,:; 0l!! \11nf111"'!J11\.11\.1'1 01 \.1m ii ri'\.I Ln1"ilLLff: \.I,hdl n1 i 6i"l flll\.l1f1l-l ri'\.I
l-l1 LLIl:il fl11l-ltniLA n i'ur;l1n
..,., , ,lO.r d' - .... , " ,.,
l1'811"l-l\l\.lL\J\.ILLl-lLLl.JU
... 1- .. .Y .I,., -.. -. I.I!'I - ..
A1tl\.l1"1'1'1O'l\"jl Il-l LLl'l: fI l-l '1'1,,1f1'11 fI D D'I'1L\J\.I'l\l'l m L1.J8U
LL1.11.1 l fill: \.I LLl'l: LO1'l\ I\]\.IItlNl\.lft1\.1 D 01'!J 1.1,:L'I'ItGitml
- .. .1 or ....,1- _. lO lO
L\.Iu'::L'I'11'1Ln1'l\l'l l-l LL\.I11\.I!-ll1'i1:ft\.ll.Jtl"1\.I)1\.11\1l1 1'I'I'1:Q..-,..\.I
tl 1111'n1.l nf1' Ln1'l\ilrll!J t \.I!l l LL1 81\.11'i1D1'111itl1 101"iiIII f11111
1!JiI'iI:i'1.Jm'!Jll"l-l"ifDo)llll\.lll"l-l n,ht ';Ln1"Iitl11l1,oil1iJ:LL1.1'1\.18\.11U\.I1.I,:Il1I'1;1t,;
(Japanized Colltlborators) onorf,n..-Ul.Jn1,,.',IiJ"l11Im,ttM.m,,liihh
t
.1 .It - "1
1'1 ty 'l\.1111111'0,.,1.1II 1il1!Jfl111l11 nl'l'lllil nl.JLn1"l'l \.III 1\.1


HI461 405

LL(;N n'l1' U'l::ll1..Jm'lw1\.1
LII1'11'
... .1 J , ,..
LLCI:: U41111111ll'l'lNL LLII1n'lW L 11 III 111
.1 .1_
1
t .., ... ,....
Lm."CI L'I4C1 n'l!j.w:: !lU'I Lm."II ."L" IM'n
.., !!l .-l.'1 ' '''.1 .1, .. .. .." 01'.1 ....
L'l!Jn11n11::'n'l1l" (Trusteeship) I U L."Ln1."liN,,'nlllJn Il'l::
, ,.. I .1 ",.." .... .I ....1 ....
LLfl:: LNN n!lU'lNLm."fl L'" lllL'IIN L u'l::L'nfTL!ln'l1'11' L1I11111!J

't
LLfl::'l:: LoU!lU LLUU 1'l1Ufil N'l::UUit!l1l1'l1'1 11'1N'l nu'l:: LJl'n LLfl:: N'1N LLIlIl1

.. oJ.,..... 't ".1 ..
tIiI!lN'II'11111 "l 2/5
... ....2 Illl I11III 't
52.000 35.000 l'1.fT. 1936
LLfl::
n".1 1111m'l';u' 't,;m'l
..,'I... , .1,'1 ' .., "'.1
1'1 'i n 'n'l'lfT'I4::111 'i "u'l1n!l
't n1'l'n'"l'LLfl:: n1''1i1 flU'l::t!l'll'\t"N"'1fT1C1 jjU'l::il'nBn1'1l
1 tll1!lLQ... (Economic
aggression)'
1. n"lfllfll;fb

'11'11

LLIl::LQ()Ln1'11il Q 1nL'Pi1
40
u,::um,t''14 l'1.fT.
1910-1940 U'l::'II'1n'Ln1'l111L-RNf'l4\I1::N1W 516 LLII11;;fli\lo
1'ICl1!lLth U1::'P11'!1'14U1,."MtilIl11NLt'l'l4OVflJ-m'l1NN1n
2. m"emn."f1lIl1Mtrnlirl.
N11111'.fl\loYlOt.nL\'l'l4,::\J\Jn"Lt'l4'l1,,11tU'::LYll'l iotmtfeJ\.I!N1WYlOt,hAuI1R1.rt\loLn1"il
L\Ml'Iin (bib.,!) limJlcnJ'l::tmmnm1ilU'I41L'I1i30tLL1 m,uun .
406 H1461


3.
..

4.

(Appreciate in value)
t t
amU'Ilom'A 11 tl'llo (Bank
o d ...
of Chosen) (Central bank) (Industry Bank)
.J D '. " II "dol A
11 llm,'I'lI1U'Ilo LLll: II !l'YI'Lt'Ilo'YI LLll:n11 n'llI 'Ilo
do' , .... do' dol d '" tJ A
III L '1U'l'l ':1l11\1
'Ilom'tJ;'YI1' "L'I;'II"'Iloall'fltill !I'iti If'llri1t
... .1"" ",'1 ' ''; II tJ .. .. .., ..
Lm'YIlll1lnL\J'Ilo'YI'Ilo"'Iloll'llo A1111 II !l'lloL"''Y1
, , .1"" I A. " .,
'I: LIUl!l'llo'YI'llo"'Ilo "':1
_..' d.1 , , :'I II A
1 n n!l n Tn11LLUU'II 'IloLll a1N1' flu111 n 'Ilon 'In1'
ilNt 11111'IlotJft1fl 19 LLll' tI 'Iloii II 1111 nLiifluN1r;i'rlutD
".1 , ,., II .... ... t' tJ - tJ A
tl'llo1A1"l1ll 'YIU'm1"l'l'llo m"l
'1'1lotJ"l:n!lum"l n,:tn'llom"l
1IIl'llo1 in"'l1'1loall' \]1'Y1N1!1
Ii1ii'11' 1\11 nt l;! ft "l1!l:l ii'I LLft1 nNtI1it"'Lh:t !I!1,.{Il'YI1 LL ri
... .. ... ... tJ.......r.l tJ .. GIl
'II 'Ilo'llon 'I'I'Ilo'YIL,.n: Qn'llo!l!l

(Temperate Zone Climate) ILIIi


.. ."tJ - '" , T T '" if .I"
!I11Ln1'Y1Clll <;j'l!J'llo

0' ....-I.!-_.1 ,f ,
1895 111LLft1
HI 461 407
01:'1 01 ..
P1'l1NLPI Oil'UL'\1';) LY4i1nLiln11t1
u ,
Fl.fl.1895-1910 11-1
.(Xenophobia) t '1'11-1 n1'"lLI1!Jui\l
, i'l .; _ .. ,.. 01 _ ,
rJ1n 1l1tJ1nLLnn1'LLn 1 LLIl:
, .Y. .. _ 01. I !l
L'I'I1l11l!lu\l\l,l' n!Ju!J1u'l'l'l'l1l1n'l'l1l1rJL Fl111l
fl1f1\11Flifl9itl!J\lvh
.. 01.'1'''' , , .... ; .Y. .....oJ It, .. ..
11111'1/ 'l\lL Lm'l'lll '1/ 'l L'I'I1l1UL1l1 III LLIl::Il!lu\l,\l1'"l1l"'1\I,\L'I'I\I LLIl::'I'I'"l!J

a'lt1!ltJ1\1n1'"lO!l1. L1I\I (Syngman Rhea)
Fl.fl. 1898-1905
!'i .... _ .. ' 01 01" ,01 ....... .... .. " ,
25 1J !ltJ1\1m'Q!l1",Lm'l'lIl\l,\lLLU4
I I .1 IIlI til ... ,to till ., .:..
1 1Il11l1J'"l::L'I'll1lm'LIl!J4Lm'l'lll 'l\lLflll!JN1
, '.oJ'" ,01 .. !'i ..,I 01.'1
'::'1'1114 FI.fl. 1910-1940 'l\l
'l.i'"l::ll1n"lLm'l'lRL-ANI\l'l.i'"l:l-l1111 5/6
I! 't 01 .... !l 01 .. .; ..
Ln1'1'1'"111n'l'la18Lfl1 \l,!l l1I::'1'lll11Lm'l'l a IIln111181nLLFl\lfJ fI'"l''I'l '"
LLft1111hL t\l,n1'"l\i1IIl\l,1Lfl''''!j nt \l,laJ fI1 111.lflFlIl 11lil'1\lLn1'1'1il
01_ .. , .. .I .. II". .. ...!'
Fl11 Nll11Lm'l'lafill m,,,, n".11FI Fl'l'l!JFl1'"l L\J\l, ",1F1'l/f1 fI1 L'I'I '" Fl N

1 (Fourteen Points)
'illft\l JFlhf CNoodrow Wilson)
(Self Detennlnation)
i N\l,1FlIl FI.fl. 1919 1M'Nm"l1.l,::mfl
,N"\I
19.000 Fl\l, LLfl:Nlln 2,000 Fl\l, rnLn1'1'1aifhl'"l::se
t\lLlle\l,Lll1t1S\l, Fl.fl. 1919
LLfI'aJNl-l1111Ym19111:1141ln1.l"l:"ll'ltriufi11l lltJ1\l,n1'
!lW1liiitl"l:'l'lqli,,""t';LtI\l,filaJ%1Li!Jl!e;rn
Ji1Tnn'ln'l'l\l,LL';.
.... 1919 LLfl:m"J\lll11l'H1I1Lt!lt\l, Fl.".
1917
UfI1Im "r.LmmIt" 1920

408 HI 461
1:Whl1 1'1.1'1. 1918-19 1'Il1l11nholl'S (General VI Tonghwl) ",nnll",i""1I111Lillllti
L;h4\i1t\l,n,1i"I"""I'IFlllllihitaPiLmd (Korean Communist Party -- KCP)
Fl1U"moIftn (Khabarovsk) (Valdlvostok) LLft:ttilLft1l1M1Fl11N!11flL"OIlLLft:
111111 m$lili1n1ftLffl 1111Lm,,1iiOf"'Lfl",.;I"i1111.;1 ".;Iii:Lfl\l,\i\l,IIN"'!l11111ftLi1!1
,., w"', w.. ..1.1 '"
lLII:LU"'V""0"'""U
\l,0nli1n""I'II'IOIlihitftPiLn1"I 16nll1nll1!I"1I1flnqII.;1LLft111"1Fl1111!11fl
L"lioo-m
1. nqIl!l0l1\l,1flU\l,Q1"r" (An Ch'sng-ho)
2. nil' \l,1flfl1N\l,i't1iignn,,,\l,,,i1L\I\l,t1':1I1\l,1eu;i 1\l,1l"'11JL1l; n1
L!l1"fl1fl1IlLL1l1fYl1t11qjn1ft"1lili1nNIII1tI':L,,fitt"fl'56n1'M1L\'t\l,n11Yl'I1n"t111
'oO oO' "'''' ,,",w -I"
3. nljll\l,1fl'l'lflfl \l,1fl"flfll LL1l1""1Fl1111'!J1flL"ftO'il1n
11lL!lfl L;lotlli\i;m1Yl1"""1,1\l,lLIl\l,!L;fl
4. (Kim Ku) ilFl11Ilen\i\l,

!lU'l\l,m'd'!l1lii II1n"ft1fl tl'1\l,ilI'l1111LLIII n Pl111 ';\l,t 1'111m,cU tFl'I1n1'LLII:
Flil 11\l,LLPlII: nII'II LOnll1Y1i1'iI:L\I\l,'I'Iftl1U\l,"':1Ln,I1!1111
, '"
L"1'11Fl1'
,,., oOoO' r ,
I\l,U Fl.fit. 1925 ""FlFlIlIl1l1WtIllLn11'l1l1I'lgn'ill'llll1!l1.4I1.4nl"11111 LLft:1:"1111 Fl.fit.
1927-1931 ""FlFlOIlN1\'t1lIl1Ln1"a'lti'1Ilnu'l'l1n!l1i1\'tflll (Nationalists) {1'I1l111111FlIlLn1"il
, , , -I w '" "'.l w
1"11 (New Korea Society) LLIlln1''ilIil''"L'!J1.41.4\l,IIIIll111ft1!111111
t l:..l " lit.. s ..... , ...
\l,ULLIII1ll11'1'11l II n1'1' ""llll" n1j1lSl111 , (Chungking) LLII:11l'!J11 III 1.4ft1\l,1,
"oO .... .. w.... , , .. I .1.'1
tI':,,'I1I1Il1'1'1LIlOL'I1!Jt1nUmftl1""1'LLII:1l1l1'!Jn'ilIllSll1'11LI'IIl!l1.4llfl111I1U, I\l,lllL!I!I 1.4 !IU1flqj ,<1.4
11.4'I1l'l1,,1!tiI 1920 LU1.4\l,rflU1!1!l 0l1'ltJ1ftLll;\'t!lllihU\l,'lU1f!'I'IIILio\l, 1l1fl.;l'il:

11,1l1'LLII:
.. .!"- '" ".\< ,
Oil 1'1n1111l11'1Il!l0l1m'll 01LLII: II Wn111':fl:mnft\l" 'I1'i1:"IU\l,11'1\l,LIJI1!l\l,u111 L\l,!l0l:
.1.1" r
LI'I!I'l n\l, qj 1.4nVI!I1fl111 LL1l111"11'1111l'11l1l1l'il1 1'1 fl LLSlI11'1 LLII :1I\l,!l \l,nIl111
!II .... , .I. e! ,. .. ,,., .I , ,
Lu\l,ftllltlnI\l,ft1l1"u,n1*1!l0l1'1!l n1''rJn,:I'IU t111n,l:\l,1.4 1.4lflU1fl\l,\l,nfl" IIILU1.4""0IiiLLn!l11
'" .1.'1 r tI r' ....:.,...... !I! .. w
Ln1"11 n1'''qj '<\l,nOU nflllft ,: fl!l\l,LLft:I'I1IlUf1Lm"IIfl "lim11,"'!J11Ln1""LI'I!lI'ILLFl\l,ll1n!l\l,
r_ .I "'.'1 iT '" U' .I ..
Sl11lft11'1U IM!lLQYl1:LIl0qj ,<1.4""flnL"nn"I'!JIl11*1Lm"ft 1\l,,,l'l"'1*Yl 1930 YlI1 1 "!l11Ln,,,ft
.. ,-" , .. "'.1 "'.. ",.., , ,
n fll11'1" '!J1111*1!l1ll1S11.41\l,1'I'OU"'1 LLft:LIlOqj 'IloLI'I 81L!l qj n1'1I"1'I"!llIftI\l,L01"ft I\l,':"1111
'"1'11111Iftn !l11\1,161\l,1"qj'aJitn"11R"ifl\l, 61\1,1"q/ft11\1,1LYI1:tfUnw.;lIl\l,L!l1
HI 461 409
..
P11'..,LLflnLL!JntJIIIUm,.a
, G'''' , ....... dl:, 1,....1 -I'llT'.l
LllleJ'I1 III
CIl .,d I,.. " .. II S. It ... .... ... 'II
ll! \l,u.ll::lIlLUeJ T11L'11 III
'. !I! T I> .I ....
Fl11lj u.Pl nu.vn!J L'"Fl1t1illj'l1':iLm"n 111eJ'I1 il FI"l11<Lil n Lm"II n
u.V !Jil::1ll1 lllL!! VUllfil!J11l:ltWl1F1L,,\t!J il"';J

1. ilCYM1tl"1f1Il1!1tl\1Ln1MR
(Cairo) \\1,1,";11 O,"11AI< A.Fl. 1943hi"l::tll1iIllL'ilwh
'''!'Iao b ...... .,
u Lll,"!Jil"l::u.ll::Lll,"L!J011!fL,"L11l1!J,"ill<Fl1"l" A111<,","il::'I1!J,""II n n1'l111ll1eJm'l
';1" fA'1V lII,"L!J u.Pi iilI::n!J\I, \lll!"1Lm"ft L laJil1lj1"lfl'l11'!i!Jrj illilli
11.11:: A111<':'"II.illll Fl11ljlaJ11.'"''ilfJ I<"i-W'll.I:lHlII'lPi!J101'11ft Lm'l1 ft A1'l'il::Un
fA'1 V"l::t.ltltill !JrjillHlili 1.J"l:: ft I!n';1","lII1,;u.ri'tfJ1li1!l1iim"li1F1"l11ri!J,"
A!J 38
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u.ll::m"l';1'11,"'Uft,"!l,"1,"Yl 38 LTl!J
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PlIllj1 A.Fl. 1945 N

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410 HI 461
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412 HI 461