,

v"il2
,
'''1'8....
1 - ,.tt l'l w... l'l .1 ' .I.. .
1I1::'l9lfl1tYfl1CV..l.l "IItYfl.:l fli Ul.lYl1l' ::llflll'll 'lI..l.lllJU1I1::lYImllfl111flll lml
2,000 iJ IIl1itl,::'iiifl1tYfI;11.l'l"ri01.ltlnlll111lnou 1,000 iJ
'1.lUll.lti'.:I9Il tln'iii
fl1tYfI;1\1 1,000
.1 - ....,.l:: .I !'II .I., 1'.. .1 - ...Il - .t !'II 1/ w
1I1::191fl1tr9l1IUl.ltllll.:1Il.:l YI.:I\lllJ\lI'W"::CV ..l.l IllllinflJll.l1l1::'l9Ifl1tYflmTltH "lllJ\lfltl.:l
.!I w .1 .. .!I .-.. ...
tll"Illi n flJ1l.l1l1::111'111)\111n:: 01"1l"111lI'V1l'l'r1tV'IItl.:l trl'U1'l'Vlfl11 O\l I'WOlllntl.:l1l 1::1"
fl1trfl1'lflflO\lIYl1Y1\l1'::llJ\l
.. , .1 ..
11 fl'll\llll
.. .
, ,
., ...

..'!".'I 1,.. .. .1.'1 !I .. .I .. !'II
IIJJtV..\l 1l1l10fltYUlinflJl\l1l1::-""fl1tY9I1 lIf1tV..\lJJ'l11tll fl11IlYl'll\l'V011IlJ l.l
.1 - .. " _.. '" .. ..
linflJl'1t1l1::191fl1tYfl11191 \1\1111 fI"flllUO.:l1tlll1ltl.:lOfl91 flO U11tl1UU'I'Im10.:lIU11tll
(Recorda or Ancient Matten, KoJIJd, f1.I'I. 712) IIn::U11tlluuYlflflUllhftU
. . '"' ..... :"
(ChroDleles or Japllll, Nlhoaat. 111J1l1l11l0 ".1'1. 720) U\l'l'lfl'rHIfO.:l
111l.l111UI fl1 1U1'llll!0.:11 1l\lIO.:l' 1I111m;'I'Ii
.1 -!'II .. <!I -.1 -" .1/" .. .;.:: ..
1I1::I'WUIIIl.l 111\1m1Illfl'l'lt::nU"\I'WUnYl1l1lnl'WlIItV..\IIIT1ll1.:1111m10.:l111'1'1l1fHl.l\l
..J " .. :: !'II....1 - - .... .1 - ..
111n1\1
II tI .1" .1.'1 ..'! .. W.I .. ..
flU tV ..\l
lnflft,,6 (Supernatural world)'
1U1111::Ii1\l"'::Q;IlIYlYi .YI'Wlnf.:l,\lI'lll li10
. . ..
I'll 'WII'Ii.:IU1\l1311lli11f1j'111 ti'\l "n,;.:IfI'O.:l1ltY'1.:1110.:1111'1'111l1'11'WItOll \l n1JlliI'Jm1tli''111.:1
tl1::'iiifl1l1'fli' iloG'O\l nilt::oodhl liftflJ1l.l tll::-ml'lll1'fli'1,lOll lli'l flU tli'l"flfjfl'lflNfl
fl'Ulllln::UoG'O\lnflnlfllfltl\l


HI 463 9
-II
: ----,...
1M

'
,
..
' ..
...
,
...
,
......
7
...... KOOURyO

L
...
..
-M
-M
..
;::,1
EAR.LY JAPAN
, (INSET: ICOIU!A)
-..
M.I.
o to 120 ,eo
'
,
..
..
,
ON

...

10
10463

thu1'rfqjlln'HiuflUlnn

w.l w" .1 , , . ..
n'lIfl 'nlilfltIJfl tl lJ'I:: (Dynastic histories)

ii46Rul1"!1U
ftlnllllftJ1Ulltl::'nf)I!lQunng1l1n1l1fl IIftiMliiifofJft'll
"1 w ,. .. .r _f!' ,.1.'1 .. 11 ' , 11
fl fllU1UU'nlU,,\lul\lltll..1U11 'Vl1t1J ...U1I11l1n"::ltlllU " lJ1f11'V11l1lJ
(Ryfikyii) 11nn!lu'nH1unwflM:fifl'1l 'lS11
MfliTUijl!l!lUI1'J\ltllii11
I .. ..... 1 ....
nq1l0"1l"1l1nYmJn111a 'rf'ltlI1l1::II'lrft1nU (Sakhalin) tll'lll"1l1ntlU flUI'lIfllln::
, ,.. .I 3 ",w, '''1/ .. , .I." ... , , ,"' ....
1l1l'UtlfJfl11 'lSl1tIJ ...UflO fl'1l11l1n 11U

(Ainu) 1t'lUnmlnft
. .,
1t'l'rf::llt'l::nnNtT1l1 lil;fl nnu,ft''''
191111110
: .I , .1,'1 .. " _I 1 _I - , ,.. ,
nnMaUJ1U. UtIJ ...
.1.'1.1, 1-f! w.... , '.1
1 ... ,,'11\191U1nn IIfllJ'I::191
, ,.. " ..... " , "'.1 1 , ...
fl1n,,'1'1 11U0""IIIU 1111l1'l1::"111U11U In'\I 1l1lt'l::IUUlJ'I:: fl'VUUn'il\!
11'" ':".1".1" w w, .1 - ,
lJ Kingdom of Wei (lJ'I::1flf11n'9I"1'V
fl.fl. 297)
.I., :.1 "1 w, '''1/'' .1 - , , ..
'V11t1J ... 91 1l1l"llOfJfl
l.rI : .J, '_I.t 1 to. .ld"'2
1U fl,fI, 57 11 lJlJ'I::1l11l1 100 n11lnN U9IIOnnnUnll "
lhuon11 U1I11I1n'11U oUfli'1'lJiml111qj mta::
w .1 w .I.. .r .. w w , ,

. -
IMrnnU fl'loufli'1"ulfl111qji1L1fln11 1flfl'lfl'::fJt'l (Clan, Dji)
'.r
(Tribes) 11;tlll'liIlUUU\l 1 \I
111011ft 111' f1u"h "1111Ruftui'nu1flm
ID463 11

lanfto
YlHI"Uft8 1i11Jl1'nm" (Priest-chief)
l1J,:wtllm
(Matriarchy) UftftOlll "111li11J1"qjlufI'01JfI;1'111Jlfll"tV (patriarchy) H1Jtory of tile
Ktnadom of Wei (Wei Cbib) (U.
297) -h (Communities) '1
(Communities) 1u fI.l'I. 297 if
_I -
1 ll'll1J"OnU
.. .. ,.
fl1111&"8U8: flllnn..,.."
11J ,1J"lfi1nd1Jdl11 1diillll\l'"
."ll",fi 1un";;;;";;"flu
.1ntl'lngn"tli'1"1l",fi
aYli'1urrlna1anllatl4011 fra"og,T1'tll1Jn'1l.lfi
\I'" 1filii ,..u tl11!l1lat91 1tVQJlt1111 ttl' Ylm,;'f1;lJ1
"1" llJfl1l11I40Sorr;'Yl'l1l1atlfll'"61lnH
- '" 4 4!l .t!!!J ..... , 1 4
fl11111'rfl(lOll"1l'lS1f1 urrlnn an
.. ' 1 "_'f .. 4
I1Iln1l rl1frUl UfrlllJtl,,.ma (Primitive Religion)
, .. ........
Ill,. nOjftflaYlIIYl1UIlU (Theism) 'IIU
1 UUlfi U"'l.I"1ll1' 1J'lSlfiIIat1J" ,."u 't1d"n

flla1l1atn11loWU1""'\1"1 fl1111I4000Ilatn,,t1fj1iii\l 'W1I'lhn!Ud01J
Iftufltllftn1!lwt,T11t1'1104rl1fr,ntlJllVu 1U,tlltll,n 'liil4tl1;flnrl1rrUll'liu 'Ii'll
'l,hrl1rrUll11J1J'II04f1UI.fl't111flfltl. rl1rrUl
W1" (Shinto) n rllrrUl
;U flO
... 1 ..:I .,.... ,8. .... d.. I .. ...
u1::I'I'Ullftl11.1tJtltlN (Animism) IIn::o'l'lI#lJWl.IV1J (Shamanism) 'I'l1'Vtlatl11 1t'\1t'\11Wfllln::
- .

.. 1 .. .. .. .t. -I..s ..
ffltr1.l1'l1U 9I1Jfl111J1'Iltltltllln::'Knnrl1trfJU'I'l 0 lfll}Jfl l u'\l
1. 1an ffltr1.l1i'\l1f1 1nntlU'1
It. !iI"''- " II
1I1l::ftl1;\flfitlnultyQf1W'Jf11V ffltr1.l1iu191111 1nnilYl;\ih,huu
2. ffltrul;ru1"
AI .. ., ... ........ 1IIIIi""
ul1ngftl1W1l111JYlf111J1.I'l'f1.l!11.101flty 1I111J'Illf1Vtl1J1J "fl::1J" (Kami) "fl::IJ" tltltl:: " ?
... !II t'I .4....
.
..
.
..:to .J 1 ' ...,... I A
"fl::1J" 1111.1 Vln'l'l\l::fJlitJ1V1111.1 l1tyJJntllitJl!J11 "fl::JJ" fltl
I'I'IYlIl "fI::U" fltlltytylWI'I'I'l'Ulf1afl "fl::U" It'lJJ81Jl
(Motoori Norinaga. fI.fI. 1730-1801) Unl'1l1nUfflflUl;r1.l1f1 l'lJltlitJ1!J11
"fI::jj" iifl11JJ'KJJ1!Jl1tnntllll!Jfltl "fI::U" fl fjlfl\l.
.. ..... ," ...:; ..u .... .d ... QI .l.,
"fI::JJ" mJJ'\l nlll1 tll \l tlJJl va tr11'l'IrI tY11'l'I JJ'!I1fl'I'I'I'l th'\ll\ltll.l11atJ
1'llJJ11tl \l::hrfj W1ll'1'1'1 \III 1.11t\'
" !II

-
tJ11fll'fl1Vl'I'll'lflafl W 'IlUI'lJl1f1Vl (Mt. Koya)
UijUfi\l'lll fI1tr1.l1;rU ("Way of the
Gods") lin::
th-h '';1.11,,"
-I .t. .. 1 .d .d,'1 ... .. .....r.. ... +
'lJ1U'l'IJJ1\llnrl1l1U "n flVl tI'l'l'lty 1.1 ,,,ttltl'l'lliYlIl\llna'l'lli'lJntl ll'YIlil"ll1n::fflflUl
'l'l'lli .. IIUll11
u .. .. .Of. .. 1
1J11G1 (Records of ADdeot Matters, Kojlki) lin:: uU'I'IflfI11J
(Chronieles of Japllll, NlhoogJ) iitllU1UI'YIynlvlVlal'lJ1U11 ",::
(Izanagi) IIn::'I'I1::1'YI;Jfj..,Ulii (Izanami)
1I11::'YIHlll'thUfl 'I'l1V1'1'l'l'f 1flVltl'l'l1::'I'I1::tt; VI'I'I?ltl::JJ::I9I1::tt (Amatenlsu)
(Progenitress)
(Divine Warrior, "Jimmu")
l'l'lU1U (Jimmu TeunO, TennO IIUrl11 1'YI1"", divine ruler)
13
,hiflfll'Utl-ll",::q;fJld (Jimmu)
IYI"untlnft'U-II (TCllD6)
3. IhtrU\l.ftl-ll1tVtV1G1 ffltr\l1W1ftlltrINft1UlI4t!'h 1tVtV1G1li'1\lUlJft:: ft\l
"1UlII1UUIJ01tVOJ1G1lflQ;1-11'lIli 1OJOJ1G1UU"W'::'lilnfl'\l;1o/I'lIli lI1nUftO-llft-lltro"

4. ;Y1111Ium;nnnaftUYl1fJ1Y1"lIft::fn,,,,,a
1u,trlnl-lltr1uft' (Son of Heaven) uu6u
ffltr\l,w
,,,tl,::,,qMtlg1liwuuulJu,,qnn::lll1-11n17li'1\lti\llld-llti\lla01lf\llfuYnfJIYl"
,
OfUft1,n-lllnft'h ffllOnw1" ul.1,::'I4t!hli'luffllOn Uft'liO"7::ffltrlll1 'liO
lInntl;ytV1 ,;Off1trft/llft::lInnm,'hK1uultltJtlIfJGl1Y1"llIU6uffltrul,T1'tl
IDUmftl1ftl.hu'tl "1trUl;\l1"nftll1li'1UI1Jll1fttllJft11IJiiflft111Jlf66uIJln
1J10'UlllInlfu'liuun nYlitrlJGlulIlJ nmftl''''''W1l1''lJ
Yla N1OJOJ1G1U""yuun::i,yu "ltrUl;\ll"O
nnllGl::d1tiOJli'luIYnUfllJ ffltr\llW li'luu6lnfllnf-llft111J
iiflft111Jlfu6uun::liYlim (Cults) IJlnIJ10llnlnllft101J11"flftft6'" utl,::iii"ltr"/ n17
ftn"1ffltrul;Ul"'-III.IJ'tlK10fl111JlIlndlUln
"

1. U"Rlil'ui\na!tl-IItU11G1 (Records or ADdeDt Matten, KoJIId) Ii'lUftlU1U
.. .1 r.! _I .... J! .., W .:
IYI"U010 lJ'::-mftltrft'lJI,.Uflt'InUUllft::",::n:tlJ'::1""'hn,""" \ltrlJtlu,nl'J IJ

2. (Chronicles or Japu, Nlbonat)

,ua-ll ft.". 807
3.
"
(Ye.....SIllld) Ii'lUft",UYltr1"Uft::ftl11m O';-IIlIlJ" so
!II" "
IlJU';-IIftl'1'trtlftltr"'Uft::"171IJlt11ffltr",
4. ftiliHalutfJ1 (Manyll-Slll) .i'I\luYini 4,496 U" 'hK111IhaU"tr1"ri' 1ftn

14 m463
flltnni'l.l Tfli lltrltl'llll11iMn"JI Win" lIthll1 tl1uif
., .......... ... .... ... .......
1. 1""::f1::1If1tl1t11t1111l1
... , ... ... 1 ....1 ... ... ..
''''''I'Ultl'afl 'Il1l1"1I111f1 trltr'l.llW fI\I1I1n'1I111f1
1ft'I.If1mh1l1ll1n'l.l 'lnll'llIlM.dlcT"iWillflnflHn'll1l1f1 trltr'lll.'1.1 T
.I....... - .. z. ... ... z :It"
YllIflYllI"lIJJln1l1flllfllf111tnfl nn
..
. \1","::11
2. Wi "nq; 41"'11"'::UIlIu'llmil
lInfl'
3. Win"JJ\l1Il1'W"'Ila "umtl
4. Wim'lI\1",,,,::,",,,,,a i1f111JJlfelf'll1l1n':h
(DiviDe iifl1111tlnta...tJJln tfl'''''ftYlHnU
'l",,,::q;!llYlii 'II ARtJI4etf'Hl1l1'lfl"'::Q;fllYlii "hi'll
.. ..1.. ....
"''Il11Y1''I1Il (Divine race)
T"oi!'fl'"'' ftYlHRtJtln",nq;flIY1i1 Ttl,trll (Son
of Heaven)

, ...
,dtl1l11

...:..!!L......I ... .1., ....... , ..
u'::"'1I1fIfI/ ..
I ...
fltlM",n,,,,,,,,
flltrlllill T qYltll'; JJII n:: O()", 111l n, OlrJll
w
thftfl/ 'uil
1.
w
2. nU()lu111'1l'mfltl'::()1f1
, 3 ,_ti..
3. m'tl'1f11111fl' 'lflnYlll11"'f11tl1l1n::uqnltl'nnYlJJ'I.IfI'f11tl11"() 'tIlnflul11lll
IftllU1Glll;O
15

1. ITmaDilil"IJ (Ise)
(NaikU) tYfHhnhitlv IlfiltlIlUUtYtI1ilflVn1'l2Jqfl
.. 4
f1tlUll12JtlUlil2J
16
m463
G11'ua6r11tnn;\j M1n

'U1J1\lIl"i1rJ
nil fl1111d11! II IW a1111nu4nfli''IlOI'VnDlln::lfl'Io;tn 1i1\lt\'\l
nnlJnfhll;un'1I'V1ft1l1n 'JnM\l
l,.,laonill6namltUft6 (Mirror)
:1YI'1l'.11u:16: (SusanD-o) (lRlJ
Izumo) tnf11J1')lao
..
lJ;mlltl111Ufln tin),:,l,.; (Torii) 1i1\ltl,:tj,,yjj
IJI')lnll&,ll1 (Izumo)
lm:"fl\j" 'nLn1Mii (Iso) 1i1\jI,.,lnll'll1:q;OId
Ii1 \j RIIJ 1\j I fl4 l'VnQl nw'9\'11n:'17' 1lI1t1''' 'Il a 11\j d'qjnnll 0111 1'II
61\j111
, .. 1 "" -I.. ... "".I oS w ,.
tl19\l:nnn "11 rIltl'\j1W 11
"" - oS w .... ".1 il
1111:11I.\jYlln"1I fllJ1l7 MHJlulllJUtI'al tllln77l1 fI1t1'U1
;u1,,,; 191'lih
"':.'1 ....
qf ...... : llSJft....
.1.'1' -I ".1 "".., ..1 w
lI'lJ\jtJflnlJ
11 "' II
11'\j 19111
...... 1 .. !It :: w ::.1 .1.
1
nMtJl1J\jd1ntll u1:'l11
.1 w 1 ..
flll (CoJ1l1DUDities) 91 lllJtl1::fJn

w w w ::.1 "" .1
"
"ntlnfl1 onl11\j flntlnfJ1 1::1J1Jfl' lJ1Jfli'') t1')M?l1fl1lJ1Jfli'')jj611J111

.1 w" w.... .1 II ..
nnunfJ' M')M\j1fl'61Jfl1111MIJ1f1u11 tI nOfl
... 11'.&: ...... ill' ... 11' ... , cj .. t! ...... 1 z ..... I'"

17
tl'U (Chief) .un::uniJl'W (Priest) ilyt1lilO1J
... -If .. .I.. If !! '" ,11"
11nl1f1t1 f1qM1tl''U (Manors) IIn::u.,.,fl'U111 'IltlUo'Umn"91'rl9l'U (Serf, .,.,M

1J""1"1::onlln::tl1::'W1 'U1,tl'U II';"010t'i1'U1110111111""1"U
n1111unqulrJ'UnU1"'U1 (Confederacy) "'::fJll01Ul1"
.. ,
(Yamato) 1" (Yamato Plain, Kinki 1uflounnH
"nn'Wn"
!II 1 1 !II 1 '" !II
11U,,'UllJU UllJ'U'JIfJ" Ilfl01U1 "llJU I1tyllI11 U fUr. 445 'IHllJ'UlJ'rlUn11111l1lU
tI !! i /' u ..- "
mstory of tile Latter Han ( tI'::lflfl'1ll'fl111'V

1u 1111llud'U 1.1''''i'1I101U1J1I0 1fl1 UIll
. ,
U1Mqj11.11::0::U1 9"''1111;;1l11::'t11'1111Mil fl1::fJll01lJ11fl
fl1::01'1''''ffmtlu fl1::fJll
01U11" 01'rl Ullll::tl,
tI ...1 '" 1 ...
.. U fl1::011!lU ,,'II1::n'W81U1.
. '.
f1.fl. 445 iitlnnlllfiui"lltb11 ilmnlt1f11m
..tI' If ..
1::1I!l1I1'r1111'W11i flO '.l 1.1 flfl 0 IIn"'111111
.... '" tI .. !II
fl'U1Jt18\1'W1Y1'::tr'0mTtllJ\.n'l1:: JU1J1UmTtUl1f11 (llJ'UunTtw)

Tt1::lll;;il'Kt1nl01"U tr" fl , tlK10 ')nM'Ullli 1UIlNU;;U

..... ..1.... "'.oS..... " ..
'II 1:: t(1 fJI'rl" 'rl 01'If (Ise) t1Olll1J'U In111'10n1f1tlJ II tr""!1 n'Wo1111111 m
" ..s.... '" .. 111
(Branz mirror) lfl10U"UUlIIllH
(Curved Jewels)
111
(Sui, fl.fl. 581-618)
'lufi1"on1tlll"'ut{1
18
0

PACIFIC OCEAN
WEST JAPAN IN ANCIENT TIMES
-_...
,f ...


m463
19

'1 'UtlU1
II\1UlrJUunllNU "'::71.,h",. 1U
'",::u::lI,nllsnfu
tlftnJ1"11 1
iltlnnO'HftnJ1"-j, ,,, fl.ff. 478 IIsJllfiin,ma

i, I'H,! 't.1iifIStl"i1


; .1 JJ! .. ..'1 oJ 11
. "lIfl11111"q"ltlUI/ U."IIU1'Ut1n"UIIUU
tlnfJI"1I1,, tln
(Vamato)

.. .1 .,.1'-'." .. .. I
nn 7lJ0""'" m111tlll7U\lUtltlfl1tf\ll"!"1
.. '
nntflUtf11fln11rl1 ')11t11fll'lllft::nQun11l1fl1111IUUtlllUIIUUIIH\I,.U

1 til Jl' .., ." .. '11" ..,.. ..: JJ! .1
9\1 IIflnltl\l ".1'1')1
, tl

UU1ItlnulI111l1u flfttli",l1nnluatllrJu;mtli'r1fJ1
m,11liifl
lIuul\1
fI1tfU1"!'r1l1UmUlItllU1U
'U "Itlum)" f1.rr. 552 (paekche)
.!i
'tfilm'tl')111"1::"!"1I1t1l1ft::"':: .
.. til '" 'JJ! .....1 '" .. ,


.. .. 5 '" :.,:tJJ!
nU'1'l1tl1t111"",nft1 (SilIa)
fI1tfUl"!"1'tfIlYli'Hftlu't1i1 1
%0 m463

,;\Ill 'IllifitJ1my f1'1 fY'Ill'l 'n11 , I:'" ou nt"lIN'Il R'IlUtJ 11ftU'IllJ1 t11\J flll'nU\I::'U
ii"1llJl1lJltJtilt;'tUn'll191 tim;'tJ fI'Ill')t'lll1l1ltJ!otJiI I"1l::fI'lfY'Ill;i'lllfl , U
trllJll a';\IIl'llll11'1l iilllnfll"nlJn'll t'llnl1l'1ltJIn'll'tI a'nimIJIn
1J1tJl1t'llnl1l'1ltJlii'll'tI WilltJU
'Il 'nimlluulfi tJ1t1U 1
nUfI'lfl'Ul'l'n11, I:Lt'ItJ
." "' .

iifl 111J111Uiif'l'l:: l11 U"1"6 116tJ1U011n! f'l'l 1ftf\') llJl\11 lfIUllUtJ'\l 6 fl UllH
. .,,,.
n" tJ1il 1IJiiUfll 11fl tl' ii1fll f'I'!Hii'u
" .4.. .... , .1.1' '.1'
llJ6IN'VtlJfll1::1nQfl l
1l11::1flqftlla:m1t.1nlt.1
1u fI.fI'. 562
(T'ang)
tlltlll9milt'l1 (Silla) llY61W19fl1ilfll'V (Paekchc) ';UlIiifll
, "" JI
'ri,IY'; UU,1I'ri11,rU11fll'll'uiutl n
.....,)... ... d ... iJ" I ... Z ... ...
fll lNtU ..UlJfI111J"fl111U""11 t'llll1 '\lUlfl""111JllflflllflnflU"U U11"1'lf11
.I

1 1J'Il1l6 Iif tilfl'"6 n fllJ IIIN t1UfI 1llJ'Ii"UiJ"1llfl1'Il tJ lJ ull1flll1
f1'llYUl 1l"MtU Iflu
tI t'l::lfllMthNfllI"i f1'11Y'Il1'1 'n1l1tI fl1'H'\l1 I'l'n1::
IflHnUll fl'lfYU1'l'nllci,,'uuUaOI'n'lfl111'1f1 1nlli
.: .1.'1.1 1 ',tI"' ..
nn'V11tU..'Il'n1l::16l 1I60flMH 'IlUaOfl'lIYU1'IJ'n1l
ilf\ll1lfi-amin'1:"11 OO'll1l6 flf!UfYllJll all
66IJii",::,1-mlUll106U1I6
,hunn1:: llltJ66fl'1Iog1'Il G6"6-a'" lJlnnllll::6g1'1l 1fl
iinfi6'11 J1U:: t'i 'Il1'Il(JjjfllflIOI;tJfl::1''Iloon 11'1 uu,f-allfi fjf\llfftJt'i1ullIlIll::
.. 1 .. .1.'1 f , '.. .1''' "' 11 .4...1
"'IlUflU 'Ilfl1UtUjflllflll111 f\l ..'Il66UUtJ l::mfl'l"6U\JlU'n
IDW 11
11 ..... .. .t ..
Iln::lnl"n'rl"1I'111nUnl0

''ll;'IImirifl1'l'f"iiij
.. (Suiko. f1.fI. 592-628)
1(1'11101,,1"0 (SbOtoku f1.fI. 573-621)

"fftntliifl" , Ufl1,tI01 ,,],::'iiifl1fYfI'IU 1(1"101"
"" 11 , , ,r
1flO
'II' 'II1f1Q'rl' G1'11iltV"11nqiinmu d'tJlln::fi'f111tlMol'o
n'll,uffJi'o;o
fllGll'flnT'll 1(1'Vl01"1 , t11'11;tllnlli'llll'1191; OU
OUfimtl1'1101fl1'''ll lin::'''''rl' V'll 't1;1n\ll'Utfl1'mii

... .. .. .. JI 1 1
tV U 'IIU flfllnfln'::llffUVllfl" 011"11 'IIU nOll 1'rl!l1fl11'11UfYl'111'rlI'Ul'1110 'II flO'll::'rlH'U
1.1 ... 1.1" ;:... 1.1" ... ",,r
IIn::flflll 111 tV
..
olli...:I;.,
(Han Confu
cianism) f1111n'rli;i7 li'nnlntlnnflUI10n'1"fl' 1nfllln::1I'!\lO
n'1"fl'nu1nfl li'nnlnili::fY1UnnllflnUnUI11u"d-l (Harmonious whole) 1f10'u;1f1YJn
JI .t ' II ".I
"lU Iln::'II::nlI1MOflnlll
,,'11.1 .I '" ..I '" ,1.1 II
'11 nflOllflll ,!\I0"10fl1' 'rl fll '11'10 miln::f11'11f1 n:: "0011,,11UU 1110-1"Ul
'
t1aOU'
'ufiflYJnA'lu fl""'::t'h
UflllilHnfifl1::liioUIlUtJllH'll'llflU"llYlii

... , , 1.1 "' .. "
1.1,::ffl'llnallnl1'll 'Ill "'fJfl1' Glfll1Jl"1l'lf1f1llI1on11 1'1flgfl"Glll,,1J'If1f1 1l::lnfl'll'll
.. ,_'I <II .11.1 .. "'Jltl "'1.1'" - II.' JI
I"fl 'I1ll1Ull '::'IIn\lllflll'!110 l1Jflll,!\lfllln::'.ll.ll11 fl' '::Yltlfl
11 m463
eo
2. t.IUI1911r1,.IIUe
m463
23

I1foij,tA'tI'::'l'lqftfitliiUfiw1J tI'S1ngnuornnJ'nfilltrtN1Iftl'S1ng11 \J 'li 1II
1ml2J'l1!l6 trllO n1otl,::"qfttl g,m
tI.,..
"U"l11"':: (Will of Heaven) '::l"l'l1tr"'lIfl1JU'rlnm,
4t1
4
.,.. tI . ... ,. !'l. ..I' - !it
tI, ::"q" g1J""U'IIOUI'ljl!lVfll111'l':: ,:: a' rf1'S'S fl vll11U\II fHlIfltJ U'rl flI11U
..... .I tI"" '.1.'1 1 '1 1 4
tI'::lflflla'fl' nOVHrh... llrfllO fH'rlUn 91lJltn'l1:: \Jfl1trfl
...t,J1,. 'tI"" ,
I'I'fl1'S'Sl!l" 8 '::lflfl'ltrfl' 11
"[lI91u\Jiinj
!it 1 ,.. .. - '
IllU I1tyII1UOll\f1!lV 11ft:: [lIfl1JU'rlnj aH1JOnll1'!aHq1J1m'rla'l'S1fl

...t.'1 d J! .. , tI..... , tI'
'If11ty UII1U fl U11 , ::lflfI1 trfl11J01l1Itr91 :: 1:: tr fl'll a'1'S'S fl
.. ,
111,!m1ornuTty191 91 IflUij1 UII"IVi \Ill; 1fi"iU 111flI L" 1 U111'1 nl1oi'li tl \l fl
fl1111 11f ITtytyll11l1 11tr111fl"1 mitu
'IItltJtA'1f1ntJm1m:: ';1'11 11J'rl11J11flfl1lJl1nfl1'111f111 1111f)
11till lt1'tlflA\JYl11V (Geomancy) li'1\J n tJYl1J 1'rl1
Idtl nmifltl1:: 1fi,f1a'fli' UtJIIllU fl fl all1a1;:f".f) IT nfl fl11lJItIiiV\J UtllN'II 111111
4.!J .. tI . 4 tI 4 ....1
'Ill" ''II0U'S1lJ'IIlflua:: 'S1ngfl11I11n111'lllfl l'l'lOlI1fl11111'IJ1 II tlll1J1V
1111::11a'Mfl111111lJ1f11IflllluoU11 I1lJ11Jfl1111110::"
Nfllan1l1,! Nflnfl'
(Yin-yang) ua::Nflfm'S1;t
.. 4 I.. .. .I'
1W'!:UIlI Wlll:: trll (Propriety, Ii) 11
. .
flllJWnnnU (Li
11 ri)
11'Ifl' 1vua::'llllltii
WnnlJ\fl!lflll'S111
nl,f1nlll\1::';11lflJ'lj1l6iifl1111f
,-.,. " .... tI I :!II ....... "" 1
ua::,NflWtJ'IIlfl O1,tr01J fl
nutr01Jtiflla0 f1I u.r;U 1'1101' \JI';t rflll 111Jflfl \Ifl U"ii'''1fl111 10111<ti'

nUftm",ufllljjfjllln,l/ 1'1"l::nU!ltJ1l1l1ft::m'ftmm\l' fHflYtltJ
1fltlflUftillY1
1flrJUfl7tJ tJtJ'"li
... 44'" 1/ " .. .... ....
IlJUflUfl1l1Y1 "lnVn1'J nnlil1l1ft::m'ft'fltJfUllftfln UtJtJ11owm, 'rlllfl\lflll
... .... .d4.1 .1 .. .1 ;r
1Y1rJflllllJU'::1JU'rllllJ'::n'rl1l1l11hJ'::n'rlINft 11'171::




tm,fi'rl'J 1
u ii1,11 n"1O1a11ft1' t1,.ui'irJUIuiiou1tl..flU" flU
. .1" .... .1 " ...
ll/fllJ'::U1111 fI.ff. 675 'I'I'::'lYn1Un
(Department of yin-yang, OnyO!yo) .,
.t\'1'II1ul"lPlonunl1t1Q1t1
'U fl.fI. 604 ,nnmfiii,Sln1tl,fl (Constitution)
.: . ,AI ..t ..... .,... I , .., ..
,,,::n,U\j t1IUflnogmrJ flU1111u1U1 'rl'll flU"" 011111:: tiltIUflU
. .r"!11 ".. 1 ..' .. !II
11 'I'I,::n'J U\!f\l "IItr.. IIfl'll ft n11{11fl t1I1tI 1,1fl
" .. :, .d,/l'" I " .. 1 1 ,/I "
'rH '1 l1Jl"lrJ " flO
. " 1 I .1/ .... .. " ".1
IIUUIluunUfl1flUl'l'n1l flrJIUOlllllln1 UflOft III
1I1l/1::fl'UfltJfl'll1Y1fl1111111Ull; l(l"lrJ1,,1flO'" I1liUU;(U 111,1
.1" .. "..:l " !II" , ".:1
'II "t1I1m, III IItJUl'l 'rl1l lit) IIa::'rl' U tJflltrU1'1'l "1I1lJ1,111an'll 0 1 Uty 1,1
rntrul
'11 'rl1l1ll'l::n'rl f0fl'1111' l\til' fH0U' 111flU1 fl rJ nufi' 1,1 Ufll Ufl" flll fllrJJl
W463 25
lfl'll'U1\,1f1'Uhi
i
".'1'

... .. 1" ...

17 1I1l'1"
HlIH Rtllfii'U'f1a" 8 lffJH'fla'U 9
3
'II' tl ft'1nfi' 1anvtl1lft'fJtJllitlft'1"ft ft'1ml'lIFi
.I J
'''rIla 4
Vtl1lthu'U'U9Il1J1a"HO'U IIa::" U1111111
ritl1JiI'll 'IIlU'::a"i m""tl Ii'll'"
., , .. .1'."":
Ufltl1lflfl"tlU'''1I"ntl OJ,.'U"
., .., t ., .... 4 ... .,..... 1"
'I'l1'll'U1Hanm'11,,111'::l.ItlU,nt""t1nIr1l (Imperial Rule) 'U.'U flf) a"lIUfl1JIllU 'II If'tl
.,. .,_.1 '1"" J{
aYllll"1'1. (TemWism) .


unY1'If'U'liij

il"iUfl1l1flU1'II '",'I'l".1'1" '1i"1"ft'lmnn",::
q';flI"Y; (Tenno, divine emperor)
,n,,,,,fi '" ",::, U,.I 191, 'II 0"UOfl' ft'lfl1l1IIIn
"'::q';lII"tj ii"il 'lrtlU1ItlUH1JlflOl'Ull1'"tlnm (Mandate of
Heaven)

'" ...... ,!J! -!II 1 ' ; ;.'4
un''I'l''''''HI1J'U'I'l':: tl'ft'1I1Nft'1"" ft'1"flll1UYOU1ItlUlf1l1fl
..t .1 ;.1 ; ;.. .. ,.J/.,
ul'Ul. "'t1u'U"n
11
26 m463
"1'11:1
.... II
l'f1n fl ft UIlft Ufll'l'lflVO tfft
... ... Pq.!"
n11

t'A 1 I...... oS r/' I
1'I1:11'll'l'f1tfUflO1'lV1U'lIftll ,n1 qj UaU"UIi'fIJOI'l1l1'I'IUIJ ntHIU
,
,.. 1 .. :: " '1 '" .. l' '"
lln1lfl11IJflftqj ... UIl1J1IUU II" 11UIl" nn 1ll ... uaU11f1UllJU111H
:".J! tid ... , N d
O1Hl'lH'I'I1:Ufl1UU1 (Nara) 1u fI.lI'. 708 fl

Idotl1: fllfl'1f1'l1:n1 If1'JlV1'll't Il t1:
..... "tIII........ ........... "!11 _tf ... QI
1:U1I \.I91ll'ltffl 1nil'1'101tf1 1.1 tfl HIlt1:VUlJUfl91 UUIJ lin1'1'1 n ft 'I1'J UI'11111'll'1l111l'J t1::
. ,

-rl111'll'm1Iltl:-rl111'11mUn n111UftU1V1U"Wlltl:11nf111'11nU
m1 ChronIdes of JapaD (NihoDgl, tl,:'iii
'tl fI.lI'. 720
tl 1:: fl'1 t'lfl11tl1V1Itl1:'I \111 n nJ1tl t'I: fi ou'1'1 1:117: t'I fi''V fl tf111flll t1: t'I: fi0 Ufl111.1

.. , J' , 41 OJ
"llJflfl'l111 I'IUlll91tl91U"

'1'11:1i"IJ\l tV1 1Utt111i'u-rI"1'11011 fl1ii l1'llJnU II U'I'I1 fl
Il (Factioualism) l1'lIJTjll;91 ft91ii'llOU tl':'I'Iqfiii'll'otJ l)1t)" l1'
"
,ft'V1n 1'11:11' 11J\ltylll'U1:UUfjWll"111i'lu11nn1u011tl nfl1fl>19111J Il11Uflll'lt'1U1
Uflnll1m!u M011tlnfl1fHiitl1::a'l'li
.: J ..I 1 J!
1I11'lfJ>1"U qj ...U'I'IlUtlu:uunU,.Un>1flIJU1f1lJ
ft'1vn,,''',:uutliliiuiiu
t J! .. .. ..:1.
1
,
u'JU 1jutllJllnU'I'I'::fI'ltl'U1'l'l'l1illtl:
wntl1'1'1tJ1011f111JIlU1liiu t 9luti'nnntl1f1fli'fl11'J'JMU t\'1infl!"'I1it ui''lI
fllnJ\l fll1t1nfl 10>1 nmlo nn,,,1ft' 1'I1:n1ln'WUnllnUflltlnouufi'
1U463 27

lih.. 'KK1VIH'!md1 IH'!'"
"'77aii,illnllll::lf,..1V
lllli'1i1Y1lJUa
II '\.1 fUI.
645 fl7::QII1.. (Sop Clan) fY\.I::;jtl ft1lJ1,n; (Fujiwara Kamatari)
1l'ntJ1mlf1fli1UUtVtV1'1'\.IiimaimmYlV1nU'Ulllld'n7",,,aIYlU; (Teuchi)
JTU 11::' \I7111 ::11,UI 1H1iun::i"71 tI ulS1U 1J"fI1"'::QII ft V"JTUfl1lJ
nu1I6111',,"1 (Taika Reform, ft.fI.
645) m711Q111f1; (T'ang)
n"t1Gl,""nl (Great Reform, Talka ""1.645)
. . ,
11lJKuK1tJnuvuHv"'\.IHftnnU
::tltl1J171171'1'11111f1V11
"mv'K,hn-lhq71fttJ
..14
"1lJHftnnl7lfu un::Y1;'1IV1n7lJ\jvu
,n""7aYlH i1tlYl;YlU1n7'UIIHUftU 1flU


ft\.l'IYlJ1;n''''lIri 6f17lJH11IYU11JiI (Grand minister of state)
\.I1Vn;!lJUfl1'Ufl11lJHlJ1uil..,u\.l 2

,I1U"11 8 fltl
'Y1V lV111inl1
... .. ......I. -
tln 2 n7t"71HllJ!lUttl1\.11nlltnlfltl (Imperial
.. .. ..a .
Secretariat) IItit n7::'" n7t,,' lJfl11lJInV1'U t71'1'111UnUtllJlJIflU7fIlJ lJ

ihH')HtllJ1nn11U1J1J1'IJ un
" ... .. "
(Office of Deities)
m463


191unll1uUuUJ lu:aflou"htmi'n1flw::,hJ; mn11lfnn
, ..
IIflUflU
.l. 1......: ., .. R'" ; l'
"'Ofl9HntHYlYlIIUU'U1"OlUUnO-lYl'Un'illn011IOW'fl 1If1f101l1 YllfmnW'fl
QnllflJ1U::1HI"UIIH-I1U 1Ujj"fllln11U nO-l
,;"1uhi1uIO-lii,,Ulf11lfqj nO-lYllf"i'n"11-1 8
tiOOriHII,y'01-1 Ii1Ulltl.iio-lntl-lYllf11lnO';;0fl1nnn11
I'l1111fl'-Ifffl-101,t.lnfl1fHfli'u'OlniuJu

O11t'1'OUlnU011t.l,::lijUtl-lAfl1111i9l111ti111ftQlrimJtl-liu

lnul0-1ftn"l fYnt.l1f1 01011,;11'Ifi'JIIn:: LOnlI'U 0 -I iflti'-Il'llllU;tn"1 If0l'l1jfllln:: ifl'::UU

l'lou n"ftn"ltl1J'i 111floiflti'-Il'llllUUfll'iftnnlf1::01,ifl'i::UUn'Vu1ri a0111nUnmi9llUl
<!'I"'" ...... ...r..i .... 1 1 ", .
Jl'i '1'101O'i1Ilj"0 IlfIU 1.1 fl 1.1fl1l11flf1111fl9I"-I'Otl l'I'IOlu1.1u1:: OWIIn11lf011Im::lln1Jflfl

,::U1J'111f01' 1.191111 Iflinn1'i t.l,:: nou 1'i l'l1nU nl'i n'outl,uatln
1'1fiht.l,::1011'\1' .nufln
.. A"" ..... 1 ..r '" .I...1 .. J!
HlI9I01'i In"91''If-lIUUlIlfll-lnO "nlfltll flfl \lu'i::lllfl\lIUUflfl Uunofl m" nYllllln:: ul\1111
'::UUn11 nfli 01Ul'OlIn::fllIt.l1::11J1f\1'
., A ... I'" ... .. .J.,JI ...... 1 ;:
nnnflfl'IJ1'11f01nN1IflO'11f1-1ffUUflO ,::UU
.. .t .. "" J! 1": N 1 .I
nnflUltl'11\1llflfl (Feudal system) 'lI-1IUU'1tuUn'i::'OllJulUl'O flOl'1IflU'OlflO1'1ItlUTlUYI
n"t.lflfl'i O-l nflillll::01Ul'Ol1J U01nJnfl'itl-l,,,. 1 1"11liV-Illdntinftlln::
"tlltl'1.(191UllUti19110"

.. -. ....... :
IIUU'U t1\1lnn'::UU01,\Iflq111nu (Manors) IIl1::'::UUOl7SJfl1t'1'91flYlflU

Inu rhunlll-1 jj01Ulll'un" tfiln 1"01' l1;V

tY1UnllHfl1Ufj\llln::01U10m1'111f
. ,
n1'1l'hulJiimft';-InUU;tfl1'111f0l11111::01'ffln
un'::lItilitl.nUHfllfOU1111nutitli'J
81463 %9

(fUr. 662-671) 1tlnl

.. :: tI ,.. J tl
A
tl' l! .I.. ..
1::1I111flt)'H1I1!l 1WIIfl111U flU!J1 flfl1
'U
_

oJ .. .IA .... { .... tI
.lnfl11IfllJfl111YlflU nU''ft'llNa 1\111'1'1U

flmn!lfl1ii mh1flfl

mii
(Produce)
.. d .... tI A ..t .. tI d , .IA tI
mHlfllnlJmllll 1::nYlllm1'l1l1fl1JU IN 11ngfl1111111111l Um1111nll'l'lflUllll:: 1::'11101


II' III I
10tllJll::';1'1f'lfln U lI,,"UIll!liiIM!l1 fl1' tin
fl1 ii, n 1;\lNllm::YllJlllnm,
..; " .... ., ... ,.1 :.:
'H1I1IllflllW::1111tH11l'UU
fl111l1lJ\liiUflfl (Rulers) 1I11::'IIUWrrni'ty'llU (Common people)
. . -
flU1l1l1111iiUllN''ftfflafl1 ll11tiYli
'U fl.". 672
(Temmil)
- .
1l1U1I1n '1'11::ti'lIiHilflllUUfl111
, ,,.. .JlA' A' Au tI 1 {
MlI'I'I1::n'llnUff m1INIlII'l'l1"lffU1'l'l'l1l fflrrU1'1'l'l'l1lItlfl 1U1!l"lW 1:: lI'11UYlH
1flflnufi
AtI' .. d ...t "'.. A .. A .. A 'l!'" d.. A
1'1'1111'1111 f1flfl11 III 'IYllIlflfl'H'IU II n'l' '1'111"YlH -
, tI 1.1- A ......
....,::'1'111'1'1111Y11 (Divine right) unu 1::'I'IC)fll1111 llm'l'l11"'iH'I'IH

30
81463
IIn::fm:11'1I01'Ul11 111nll"1J111101U::nn1tllM11111::",::11'11mwviill"h l11
lfl
. ,

(JiDlDlu) (Tenno)
"ll1Ufl1 ;1u,,,::1tl1 ft'111tf1t\'UtltlI111111thu1111

ifl""1fi'I'l H 11nfl1tl fl'1t111\1tIi' f1;;UlIlI'; fl1ft'U1iUl " fl1I"fU1"l'I'llIIn::
- .r, .! 1-!! .! d !'I.:t - , ...
nfllI ntltltl 11111 '11"'::11'11u1U111UU Ifl 1fl Ol1nlJl1'rI1UfI M fltllUtl
.. il " .. !II " .t, - -'1'
1I11U1UtH 'il1lJU ft'tl1t1U",::U'I11n\lfl'l1tVOJ " flU
fiu
fl1 f fl nfl M"tl I"ftl1,jUOtl 1I1J1'il1nO'l'li l't nfl fi Utili nl'1i1tl tl 11;''IIty111t'I::
- 1 I., .. ... "tIt w.,
flll'lU1 fl11'lU1'11U fI fl11'l\ll "l 'I'llIIl'1:: n'I'll'll ttl I"fflltlu",::U111n\l",tlflll I'lflllJUI1fin
(Harmony) lIa::'llufitlll't
.,
Q'1It1ff1::'Ufl1'Ul11 (Nara Period, ft.fI. 709-784)
fill Ufl1U111 (Nm) 1\1 fl.fl. 709 UfI'

, . .
nlJinn"ft\iu tni'ml111 (fl.fl. 709-784)
1,000 iI jj
.. : #I J'" ..... 1 .1 ..... .... " ....
0l1lIflfHl11U fl mflUUfl U1J1::I1fllItlll't1J1:: I1'I'llflnIIIU"l 'I'll \l m U",::flUtn 'IU::1\I tI

IIn::flW::ft'nl' tJl\l\1::mil1, t\"il fl1l'l\ll"l'l'l1't\'IHtllIl't1 I1nnll "UIIn::tl11tl1l11u1Uflfi

1J1n1\1fiJitlU111 lfifl11UlrJ 1

f11irtl1'1T1ll

443 iJ ntlUfl1f1f1Olt'l (fl.fl.fl.)

111q;11vn'h (lft1lfl') 1I11::mjul1otJI1t1n11 UmtJItln1f111;tlHUtl1U 1u
1 n.fl.fl. 18 umtl fllfl\ll
1fl463 31

. '
Ro UnlOlJ11101U Unlllltl"1"
lIatUnlOlJ11101U Unlllltl'11f111!0Ull1UlI"'111nO'UI0IYfJ'l I;Ofl;l ti'ngOlUfl10

17nlfJlJ11101UIIW'l1a1fJ1uI0IY0I11110 I;On;1
.
n"11"lfJ"'t "luflll1ntllann'lJ
17nloufJ1uiil1ann"i1
l1U 17nlfJlJ111 fJ1U ii l1anfl";l
"!II ".1.1 1 ........ 'J!!II ./
lJ160vlUlfJ Ofl1rrllflQ,f1
lItllgU'M11l'U11lJ' wnh,infl1
'lilfJnfll1an hJfli'rrflllriou lit fI mhnfl11an
ll;17""lU nfll1an' uione1If",t1"infl11tl'lfJ",t'lnfiiinl1l110" n'tl
",t'lflll(1lJ111l, fI nfll11'1 n l1U11 fl10lJ Ul1 Ufl n111i'Utll1lJ
J!
(Universal salvation)
17fl10lJ1111l1UflO ",tl"infl111tit nl11J11tl11fllIn11t 1f10
.. .1 1 "'.t' 1 ..
1111"tVu"lJfl1 6 1'lllufllllfrrU\I'OI fl1lJflfllJ11101U ",t "lI11fllflO
11l,f1nfll1l1n 1"infl1 17fl10lJ1111l1t1
... ,.t' 4 .1 .<1 .. '" .,j
"lIufll
!II 11.1 .... '.. '" 1 .. . ..
llJUW,t WlI ufll Q,,1f1f10W,tO,(J'llflflaln'lJOlllJJou"n WlI uflll",1t'1nflUOOlJU'!fI1I
'1
n11tog Ufll
1lfllnn1l1t1
IfI" 3 nlO Ro
. ,
1. n'lJnlO
2. nlJ1nflfl10
3. 17'lJ1Ufl10
",t'!fllIl(lf1Hniiflmll:llnnQodlil'll 'U !lou
Ro wntYVlJlJ'lfl1J1(111toW,t01ii'l1f1ll(1 IIntiiw,t
lIfJ117'lflll(1 S tJ"fI,,,,tllll1U'l1f1l1
3% H14Ci3

s Y1HIi1utI,nlu1u111"fi' Y1H,jUflla1,f,,,=T1'Iittfli'I11 li1u

ilftlU 3 110
1. l"llftlU 1101'1'=1"11
2. ttlllnflftlll 110
3. U'1l1UftlU 110 ftlUU;QYlt.lflnla11
. '.4 'I'l,=ti'lliHUfl1U 3
'1Y11f1ltYUflWUfl1U

",:::
fIl11U1"lYllUfl1U
111U fl1111ftfl111U 1
Ufl1Ull111U1U
'w " w .1" - ,.. - '" .. '2
1IIf1HfI'fl1'l'=1UUllUUlflYlll=uQUfI lIa= lllflH'I'l'=I"llU'lfYlnUUlflYlll=m'l!fH l'I
"
un".u
"1trUl

4
... ., ........ .,..., 4. ... ... I
Ufl1UTI'lJU'lIOflO Ufl1UllU"'lI1U
" .1".1..1 .l.il"-" '" ,,, .... " w
Ufl1!JU Ufl1U1.'U1U
Ufl1ufi'u", U1U 11 li1unni;unll" Ju1innlIa=1I Ufl1U
flo
1. llU"f lnUfl1n11110lfl1111iifttJ'IJ "ft 1 tI nlll
Ufl1UllU", U1UIfoi'f01uthun"ntnTlt 1 a=thMOU;
1111tiU
141111tl,Ji,,6n'1l=lIl1Unll nm11f111U"f
1u
W463 33
(l1;Otttyfil IIUn11fl111J'hUuth) nl,f11fl
,


2. lj'nn (n11m::"l,
.. , ... .. 1I.J ..
3. 1JIII '9ln ';lutjtJfli1'Ull1nll1Uflllfll'IJl \IlJIII'nt'l 1JIII'flt'lflO
, , .
IIflU nl'l'lt'llflnllJl'S'Il1f1 IiifI U'S:: nn lJlIn:: nl11nlJ1JIi'l i'tl',gtl U11nllJiu 1 nl'S ritl
1 ..... JI ... "'.:
U'Iltl\JI'll9l\hflfl U'I'I'S::'l'fYlIl11Jl 5
<II.. .. .J,.....
1'I'I'l::UU9I'
,

n'11J11tltJ"II U""lU''''U'I11fiO
ffltl'Ul'!Y1I1UnlIJU1111J1Uatl11 11111J
..... <II ..... .. . .. ..
il tytyl\J1, 6 fflffUl'1'f 'nIlUnllJlJ1111J1U , 'I1tyllJ111Jfll
Ihft'ty1Jln 5 i''I1tylli 'nIl1utl;''lttyltl11ii
f111Ylinfl{
.II!" J!..I '1 ,
1J 'S'I1tylUIi tl'IH n11:: tl UII"IlHII llnlllll YI'S::,!'n1l11l1'ntlU Uff'S'S" fI 9'11 1J
tl'lntjllf1tN1t-t'111u lmlJlJU'::flll1JfI,1ufI"n'lltlUJ1'S9I1
1U1.1" fll"'::"l 'nIl(1'1l6 ffltl'U1"l'nllUnllllltllIJ1U ",::6uflln'l'fYlIlI U
IfI11"UtJ a tllJln YI HI"UYI 'S::1I1J1U'!Y11l1(lillltl' tl'1H ttfl ii' Y1, ffO9'11 UU' ::1I1U
34 ID463
lIHfltlfltl'1111utftyamnu'
1 .. 1.1 "!fI .1 .l ..
tlfltJYl' \l fl fI'IfllIl'U1 " n nIIYl' UlJ' 111U ItJtl 'U1111

.J!.. 1 .. .. ..
... no19lfl1'
1" , .. .l.J!.. .. "" .I
'1"11111'U1 fI flllYl' n\lllflfJl '1"1111111'ft'tl9l1tJ fl fI U fl1f111111f11U Yllln911"II11JU"


fll nu11'1'"11ijfl1 flU11' fllUII'W;11111fllj'flnn"U , U9IllJl&Ul1Hlllflllliflin
(Oasis) (Central Asia) (Silk Route) 'unufl
... 'A ..;,. "'1
U1t111H fl.fl. 300-700 Ufl1flU'lflfl1U
flnUflOUnm;lIiijflUII lIitlm"mU 'loiU1UUfl ijfl1f1U"101U flij fl1f1
1Rtlllflflfl' 11" flfI 111flfl11'11::I191fllltlfllU 'IfaflUami fl1' 1191flllfl 111111fl
.1 .. .. n" .... , ...I .. , ""

., ... J. I .. <I I .. I"
11IU fl1l111flfl 1 Itlll 'If'fl 1 1"
... 114 ,,: .... ... I'" ....., ... _ '_1 I
11111.1 Ullfl'1nflllU '::111H fl.fl. 300-900 IJUfl1flflfl u
,f,J.,.8, ... ...... l...{' , ".'1
Ull n1fltylllflll UtV U
1. ijfl1tl1iiflU'" (T'ient'ai)
.. ..
2. Ufl1f1'1f1I'lfflU (Huayen)
3. ijfl1flllllU (Cb'an)
4. (Pure Land Sect)
ijfl1tl1iitlU'lIlI fl1tlti1-I'Iffiu ij 1J

U,IJ'W1ttlii,nn'll1111(1j(1tlfl11IJfl;'lIlIll1nn1

35


,
ft'1'
1n
'J
YI

1
\.iq,Jou

,"1'I'Ul"'JlII
-rfl11D",SliiDQtl'1'tl m,
. n" ii Gflu1h1,"Qj1-1t\1f)"l'I
.. _ ....., "
Slln Ul'l,::fll1'1'Ul Wlln1UU"SlYllln"SlSlnuU SlIHSlDUPl11S1

"JllItn'lflufYlllUUDiinJli"
.a '" ,... .....1
",::nn1fflDDn JlIW IU
" 1/ I
If/um,
,. ,!II:: ....1 .. " oJ ..1.'1"
u"1.IINUftUnlfJ UllI'UftHII,n flltrU1YjJlIl1HUlu'::IW,G1 HSlSll\l'W11t}/ ftD
tlnl"tiin"D1lJU1;1S1nu'utrll1UDll1UltrlI11'W:: Uft::tl'::IYltiim'INlfl1'l
.. II
,
UtrSlIJ"'::UfI'Ul71 flltrU1YjJlIlUnlfJSlHlfJ1UIUun"1I"QYjJlllnll::Uft::nn
"nUfI'lhfTty ,t\'un

1. "'::U"'11"1fJDftflllft::il'1UU ",::tJfI,;jyt"WU11'l'::
"JllItln-r;lIft::n"Ull,"tUlI"iiHftll1"'::'Wl" (Siitra of Past and Present, Cause and
Effect)
.... .1 1
2. yt'::f1S1n'tl1"G1u,::m ft'flSltJfI' (Siitra of the Golden Light)
.
3. (Flower Wreath SUtra, or Kegon)
"nti'2JiIftl1"Wtl,::n11trfl2JtJ'" quJI; fJmytll ft:: ..; fJlI" 2J JI; II

SlH1fJ1U fq1"Wtl,::m1Ilfl2JtJ",iiuYllIl"dlftt}/2Jln'U m, trmtlulfllft'Ul"JlII
, ..1.'1" .r....., .1.....,.
UmfJ2JHlfJ1U ..
l111lfffift
. .
t w "'" ., .. .. ... ... ...
...nNft'lftlll'lf1ft fl11S1S1IH"Nftulf1t}/Slln
'liQ t\' H" tI itutrl'l:: IHfjNft 81nllnl' i'n1l1
1'WllJ1ftt\'18 1ft8'1tl1Jl'1tl2Jl11 n\1l1, t\'flD 11fttli'll"lfl
(fl112J'lif> fl112JI4tJfltlnSliui'nlln,,;' Diul't\' Yl, ::YjJlIl
36
l' .
3. "":::1..,1
'"
11',.
i
1
'"'::'1'1ftItl' 7
11l1!OV (ChOgOji) 'n,",::ufl,um
4. ftlt'llfl1'ltRtltl!
111191,'l!'"v (TOshOdaiji)
lnK,",::ufl,unl
8
Itll11l1lrrlllilflIJm, 11111111iiu
81463
37

4
UtJ68f11tnll'11"1111n (Yakushi)
1I1n "ultliltlnng,T1
"nIMH;f
''''1::''Uftllil!tf8U11f!f1Uil*al11l1t''1l1 IftU
tln fnl1",al'W\j (Sh&nu) lth"11fIHIIII";"Uq,,,
11ft:: fl.". 741 "'::'II"11U
111,,\1:: (Great Image)

1\1tfUll",:;\lfI,\l111 fI1tnl1'11"IUn1VllM1111\1il6 1'lIn
.... .... 9' _I....
1. M'O,"'::q", 3(Dialectics of negation, II8III'OD
or "Three Treaties" sect) UnlV;fll,."flUnlllU\l1l11J1M;8111Itliln..'HflGI,."6U1f11',,,
1\1U\lIRll 'Jll";1 (Kumarajiva) ftO!IHIIII";Unlll
2. UnlllU'linnilW M;OUnllllltltfl'll' ("Dbarma-Cbaraeter" sect, HossO)
(VllSIIbar:dhu) (Hsiian-tsang)
tV1\111J1 M;8 2 1\10'Ulall

3. Ufllll1liltlll1al ("Flower-Wreath" sect, Kegon)
(Harmonious whole) ,",:;'11n\l'llJlII(1"Htln

.. ..

M\lll1\1 ii'tri"ittl"U
V'"
1\1tfUll,",:;\lfI,\l1n
"n'::lltftl1'1l111111\1 (Replica of China) tfUll,"':;'UfI'
(Sinicization)
tl':;1l1C1flQMll111'f1111 (Taih6) il'1U1111;f\l1\1,:;MiH
38 W463
'w ", ,
fur. 701-702 UI11Ul::
1868

ll1"nlln::l111l1fla1'U lh'UflHl'lrl1\fIl1l'lfl1D\lNlnU1f1lJlnl'l'


8 "lin
...1 - or .....
I. MunyO.hl
.. 1 '!I' .. .... w

,
2. KaIm.O IlJ'Ull'::11l\l"fl"j fI.fI. 751
fI1fl''Ul'1 f1I1Y1' fll'l"t1nfl1'H fn,l'l'l"'l" 1::
n'Ufn'l"l'l'l"'l" YlHII 'l"l' U YI HU1" "l'l1::'fl'l"iltlfl fi OJ
(Empress ShOtoku) (Shomu) YlH'l'I'l"::11'11
w, .. _ ... 1"
fI'YllIl YlHI1'U' 1'II'fl'lJ1Ifltl11lJ""::flflll (Dokyo) 'I'l'l"::
fl.fI. 766
(King of the law)
w. w -'.J/ .1 d _ .r .."
,,"fl"lHlJ l1l'l'l"::Dlt11 ,,\ll'Ufll'l" "f)"1'Ull'l":: rr\lfll1lJ(Ill1\l
l'l1::fl11l1'l' 61fllnlJllatlUlnlJlnlJ1ft
(Kammu)
, liiil'l'::' l'lrfli'YllIl1'UfI1tr'U1'1Y111 IIrI:: 'lilt1, 'tf'l'lYlllifl'JIINtll'U11l6Y1i 'l'I
w ., .." w A !II ... ...
'U fl.fI. 794 l'l1::11'11'(ll'Un
'",lifltl lnlJl1" (Kyoto) 'tf1.latl,,\f'UlllnullJ16UI1\lf!1tl\l
tl'l' 1911"':: Orl1 f1lJ1rrAllifl'J'I'l'l"'l";i' u.hlJ 191IJlUl'l1:: 1
.1 - ".'1 '1 "'.J ", '1 .I ...
(Fujiwara) 'l 'U "l'll'ln""''U1 l1lJ 1'1Y111
'1.1 '... W.I
u .. ,. .. ..,'"'
D')lU1'I1Z'Uf\1IftErJ Ifl111811')lEJl1J8U
.I ..... 1 ...
l'l'UYI\l1I1tl1 fllJ'l"f)\I'V'U1'll181tl (Hiei)
..... .. l'
fl 'U
w, w w ...
fI.fI. 794 fl.fI. 795-1191 ,,"011IlJ'UrrlJlJI8tl'U (Heian) Iltl'U 1I11l'l11 (I'U"
... ,.. t d.'I'" .oS ... 4
(Tranquility) 'U t'\I 'l'UlJfll1Utr 'I'l'l'::1l'11'(ll'Un1l
.JI. W <!l -
tJ1\j11111n::fll1lJU'Ufl 11'U'I'l 'U! 1'U'll tl 1111nfl1HI \I "'lrn'U n::fl1'l"l"111tl 1\j 111 n 1'U11tl
W463 39
THE HEIAN CAPITAL
(KYOTO)
--- 00111_ of 11M lIIOlIIm city of ~
.round 1'20 FUlhbnI
HI 463
40

"U4",tQcuflv1iTfl (Fujiwara)
t lv"ullri",t QCUIat'"t'1"14
utmnv11" 1f1t11!V"'Ii 4fl V1411 4

Ufl' 'If ft 141U1Uii 11 fI" 111911'..111"11 rill'V1IlUU64MI Urill' t,1'11tt,11' UI fI t1n1J
"'M .., I !II ffI'" X __ ... .. ... + I
n7tllrlQ1Iufl/tV1llU fflrl\l1"1f11l flfl'HVU-'HtlH 'H'flClfllllfl1 UfI'
InV11"ftflmnVUU1J1JflVHUfI''Hft141l1nufl'J'HCl14QHtlU (Ch'ang-an)
"1 10auu 8 1'l'1V Ufti:

(Avenues) 9 rtltl ",t'1rl4';4f114li"I'lfUfl 1I1f1fl1l10fhu'H 9

cbu 11ft:: 9
"1Iiltl1Jvmlflt8 -iu
,
l' .. .. ... , l"" .1'" ,
U"Ul'l'llOlllflU "1I'l'U1"1f1llflftDU 'lf1tlH 'HfI/ lIm,rrfl1lJU1UmlllflU fI
(Tendai) IIft::U01t1nft1JW4flU Esoceric Buddhism)
..aU 1I1n;iuIICltlll;tVl nm"t,1'11ch11'n 1'"


1I';1u,tllt
1111U1U ri1UnftHiTtl "'t11'11th11'n tl1U'1l
'1 ..l'" .104, .. '1' ' 1 l'
flflllg tl,tlJClun lIn1lJ1,afl11Jfj1l11"m11J1UI1Ill4 nn
... ".:. '1 ..., .... ..I .
'IIf1I"11ttl11Jfj1l1lGlarla lIUluun 1t'H1H"fl11'llfi 9 10

tllln 01::1J1U01' 1 ';\AU
(Landed Aristocracy)

",t11'11f11u;\;i\.lflll1JllflU
11:: mi'i'H JII 1ll'llwiu lJfl' AU1ll'll\.l.fuq 'IIU
'1
m463 41
- -

l,wtJitl1o
-I I ,.: . ..1 ... ill I... :
"'1 lo..'Ull\N'J
111..
uftt1'U 'U m 1..d1,rfl trfH 1" 1tJOfl
!1 W .rW '" 1'1" d.'1 .. ,..
l11fjl"Il'f'1!l!fllltll 'l 'U1l.:l 1111101'
'11q; 1Jiiln,,'f,tuu
.. ",. tJd .. d
Iflllllll'UlNl'fl'l1"1!l" 19
'U1Jijj,tUU111ffl l' U\11,1.:1 \l::ti 11U'Unuui 111"11fm,11 9l1l1UlJ110UH
ii'll 1JiUlJlI,tUUfl'OU U''U n"tJ, tdj'U fl11111 ,'U1"01
w,,, w ,. tJ"J5'.t
Ufttn"tJ'tYl'UlI Uftt01,aOfl1111t!1111Hlu1flqjfl111f1"",tlJft '::IYlOInUflOv1'U1'1'U
, " .t .. .1.'1 .. w .. :: J5 1' ,
1.:1fltrfjft 11I100v1'U10111qj 'l'UlI,tUU01Hl'VUflfllnOn lItr.:l
llY;lI,tUUnOUfl flI;1'U.(f"1'1101, jj 01' ti"fl.:l"1Ulitl.:l 1..ti1,rnua::''U, 1..

'" Yo :: 11" .1.'1 1,.. :: Yo ..l ..; !'l JI ..
IlJ'U'lJ1"1fm'1f'UQ'UflO tU 'U 1I11"'U"'U"1"'1101'""1'161'U1'tJ'I l11tl1l111Jfl'U"1,,..m, ,'U
1
'''::JI .... 11" dtJJl 1 ,'W:: ::
Uftt YI fl"ll:: nutHHntJ,t 01f'U1l11'1' J "'1,,'U,,'Ut,l'
If ft'Ull nt1'U'UHll nd'1'UtJd''U1f1fitJ /I'll 11161111fl'11 u,rufi1f'U
(Gentry) i"tlflUU1111,i"
ftt"J'U'U HU mh,rfl "11" 1f11211jj11U' .:Iri1tJW"
'.1
HftllfttQfll;tJfllfltllari'U''1'11'U
, ... _1/"" .t w::. W i W
mmun1"n1'Un f1.:111fltr1l0",t\J",\J1" flOIllYl1t I'll
8 9 ,tUUflQI11tr1l' (Manor System) llN'U0101tJ,r1

, .
"I'UI""

i'U"1fm, ,'U"n""dl,rn;1ntln ... ''l1tJ'IUH'Ulatl1''''U'' Ku"n""1'1t'f011111
"tr1l'Htf UfiUl'UKu",t"'11'1tf
1I1'11ih"1''U,m""fi iflllfttfl,tQn
4:Z HI 463

.... l I .... ,.; -" It, ., 1
9 19 'U'I'I'::n'lldl'Unnn1'UnUI"nn'lfl
..1- 1 , .. l' I: ... .. " ..1-. d
1'1'::01'1 'JIl1Ul 'J'U""::Ofl .... 1l1Ulflnlln1lIN",nU
,.. - !'l!!l "_J! .r.. - ...1- ..
'I'If1"n'U (Civil dictator) llf1'::Ofl'U'IIm'll" fI'::on .... 1l1Ul11
.t .!' .. - - .1,1. - ..

,
Onf\'fl1HlI9ln111 fI '::Oflil
.
61'Ul.;llltlll tlfI''U1'l,::n'lldllinlln::,.Mu
1.h::I'I'ItUnuilin1'1'1" ijll' 'I'I'::lfl,.$ 'li1'1' llUftn11:: 111
JII 411 d J! .d .. "....... ...
, 11l1'11'U11'1'Jdll, n 1'linU IU'U11!'1n'111'J DUlJlIUJ1'1fI' ::!JfI'U11D1'1111'1f11'11'UD1'1'::' l"l'h'Un
LlfI::1JUlflmm (fl.f\'. 861-f1.f\'. 1160)
fl' 11'11::' 1 fl\l 'U luiflIi1"tl UI1'1f1
fI':: 0fI 11'1n'111 l' tI fl' n uh'l'l'::' l"lhlin, 1fI fl n'1 mill';'U III'U UIIUunu

1'11'1)'" 'liim,,6 ? 'liiifl'::!J1'I
.. - ':!i -I:!J -I - -'1' - , <!I - ,
,n::1I'I11n1l f1, flnflfln 1'111 " vn11'lHflln'1fln'llflfll11t'l'lUnU n'lln
'I'I'::Q;fll1'1Yl 1lJ1'1'1,::mr81UllltlDUIlO ofltl,::nu
fl1''''::'I1lin1fl'j, 1flflflH
fi 111 '11 in' 1'1" 111'1::'" UR ft111 IrJ'U tl, l' tI Uldl'111uij1il
thUlll
01' tl flfl' IIUU UIf! Unutl nfl' U11nlflf'U fI '::Oll 11' ltl nfl,n
01.'1 , .. -!'l.1 .I .
(Rule behind l'be scene)
...... 1 .,," .....'I.J!' ....... .. "
Iln'1'lHflt'l'tlflltJfN'I1'Ul 'flHnU11 Iln''I'I''fllt'l'1U'''IIflllfl::",t1Ul'11U

U"f11,'Uuml'11rhliniill9llnU'ftflffll"
U61U11l
, 1'''!1! .., , '!'l .ol_
.,.'I'IlU'Ulllll'Un,1111UUty 'U'lJ 'U tl'fI1lJ'Ul1nnllUUIl'Uflnfl '1 lll1f1fl1111'11111fl 1IIUU1'1'Ufl1l
on"tl'tl ,::uu
... '" 11 01. -!'l -,. _ !'l.. ,01.,\
nUn'OUflfllntlfllu'U'IIU1'11m, 1'1t1t1fJllIllU1U'UulflqJ 11 '11'111"",::onltJ'Ul1f1n
43


fltl2li'\ln:\I\lm'ftnVlft;J'uftl ..

,
tJ1U19I1\1Un,::tlrJthul.'tI';1
Ii1UDa":: (Warrior Aristocracy) ,::\I\I""litl'''llll\l\lnU
tJ1Ul91I\l\l,U'litllUlnn\lnalflli1u,::\I\I, lln11 ,::\1\1
Rn;jula'11nnnt (Feudalism) "tI"::1U,,"
5- 9

i1.i'llfitl, tI ihho::oilJ1fl'111 IH'J'",::\J\Im,tln

1
1. VUil ,::tJ\ln"tln.., a'l1flll1n lia'1211' 1.

2. l"U

3. '1

1Hqjll,\'.; 1uuplu;ju \lmn'l1uyulJ' IfJU
(Knight) 1,tI \I"f11un,uiJ'u11ufJumj2lIfJun'n
(Cliques) (KantO)
.. !1"' ....: ;.1 . .I
1 1,un01ut1UU nqlJnmn171lJPl1nf)"ftu.lnfiuYlu
10

.. .1.,.1", tI.I tI 'tI"' . .. ."'
m, ..,UYlntl\lntl101 tll/UII' Mnt'l11fltl2l2lNt'lfltlW9IIUlm'YlH
.. .

HI 463



1.2 '\IUtm'UYf1::11"rhun
1.3
1.4
2. rm'l'tJj"u
3. 'lIUoVUfin1111Jlln::f11n' 111::1J1111 1110
..
Itl11!l!ft9
I .. .ad' 01 I"':',.
6-9 l1tJj1J10 lllJU"

, tJ. tJ
mltJ '1 Vi' \.1m):: U\.I
.I 4 .1.'1' JI . , .. 13 ..I,
6-7 tlOnflOm11Jnl1ll lJ
fl1\; '\IU 'um::l1'l1dlUnii tl1lll Ylon/olMIJ , my:hVlll0


llfltl1 1tltlfl10Ufl111 umhv '1 1l'l1l::lIfia:: tl1OUtli'11 01'


I

... ...

..J 41'!!" .... .., ....

A
l11,;!'"1\.Ilf11'1 0fl111 IIa::1Jl'liUU1011'II n':: n'1Jlift'IllUU'II0 n 1Ufill nnl!llll:: Utl fJ
... .. .. ,.11...1: !:II It... 1I.IIlt .d .. 4
nnlllll::lfl'111! nllf\l 600-700 011l1ftnlalHIl n::01111\.1fl111lln:: on
'"13..1 l' .... J J! .I .. 13..1, J13 .I JI
1Jnfl1l0nntlJl1l!l 1J1J1n'lltl ,,'01J '1 nU011f1ltln"UlJfl11lJnflll tlfl1YfOntl1J1n'llUtl1V
tl\.l11V tltlll1nnftlf(1lJiiilfli'hilitmnofl1\;ItW
II 'lItln11l '\IlJlJ Ill\;'lJ lJIIll:: fhl1lJ ftl'llfl
JI ,;,\ .. 4 .... 413 ..I l' .. '1'
om"ltl 011In0fl1)1I111::0Uflnll::f1flnUUlJl"tl 11ltl11Jilnllonntl '10 tl1l1nnftlJlJOll::1J
W463 4S


lIunm'::laOn1ilfttl 'f11111
mv 10
9 Iflll/1l1l1 Illl::,h
'''i'Jtnlltnn'OlIrI.:jfl1JJlhu i'Ju1r1iillfi
lftHll'f1.:jIlIl::tl.:jfi'm, IlfiUtl7::m.imWllft::1Jiiift11JJ11JJ10d1fTCVIIIO ,::utm"t1nft'tl.:j
cb'UnftH1IIIfl1 't1f11JJlhu
: ... '.JI , .l.,
fNllflftHYflftfl1""'JI 11 ,1I11HII11.:j",::n'fI1111n ,.
111 fYIl1UlInmGtl.:jn1,t1nft'tl.:jIlUU911flOO '1
all IfllIMli
ti11111li'Jn'::1I101t1111111f11.:j\in,uwf.uq.:j
12
ti11111l lf10ii
IMft1Un'UUlIl1n.:jJ11IrJUl1U10'Ul1nm11iitlunft111 (Knight) "tl.:jQhtlll1QflnllH umn

'1 (Cliques)
. !II .. .r.l. .01,: 1 . ..
1U'JI111nIlHll'nTnfl11JJI1l1ltHlIltl.:j 'JIJJfI11111f1l1tlll M1ftH l1CV"tl.:jft1fYU1yt'JIllfltl n"
.01,.,: ... , ....
Iftfttlll 111'OflfI.:jUfl101ftli fI (Tendai) IlIl::Un10'll'1I.:jtlU (Shinion)
ftlln.ll'1'": ;;nlUlfI'I.I'" (Tenda!)
IDtl "laOli 7" ft.ft. 788 , ..1'11' (Saicho. f1.ft. 767-822)
'1 411UU,UI"1iltl (Hiei) IrJU,fll;JJA'1I0tllnflUfl101f111'fl1UI1111fttl1l1
umo\hll;cv1.:jI;O.:jJJ1nl.:jllfttlcnflfYUOW7::1If17U111
IrJlIUlI6flIl1.:jlItl1'J101tn'IIr1::'itllllll"JJIlt1.:j'll1fl 1u f1.ft. IS71
',f
3,000 01ft1,OtlU'Il::Qfl1uitnn.:j'tl "'JI1I10"H"
1 ,h'U, ..1
lnn1l1flfl11111U771J

46 1D463
t1n"'::Ufmnn ., ,l1't11u
",::U f1, Ul' 1 yjlU 1 1f101' il1ufY U
w , .... iJ .1.'1 1 ' , T
,onflflou 1""::'UflO" fJ(l1J" U f1.fl. 804 Yl1U
't1,n1'111MU yjlu,ilI1f1Ul1tinll111J1unll1'n;j01f11nflU'Yl (T'ien-t'ai)
O' , ,JI.,. ... , ..l.l.'1 .1..1...' ,
nnUlla1 YllU flu1UOlfllllflU UOlfllflU 91
1 .J... .l .a .1
UOlfl (Lotus Sdtra) lin::,.,::
'I"1l1tU:: yjlu'.lY;tmu-h ff1frU1'l"1l 6 'liilfl111JIi1UtlU
"w ... .- il:. l'l
l1tHOUlflfI1nU (Two vehicles) flO 2
UOlfl ;jnlfl1J'r11fllU 3 Unlfl yj1u,.. ;jOlfllflU'f11i1U "'r1UlIHlfiv1" ("One
vehicle") ("Oneness") flO
f1111Jli1Ufr1nrt (Universality) ;jOlfllflU'f1nou'h
f1UV01Jil11l1llnn::
O' ... .I JI .-.. ,

T JI T .! ..... .I. .{ ...
rrl1JUtlU11t111Ylllnn:: IflfII"'V'OflfllU'm:'lYlllnn 19lfl.,,1IUUY1f1YltlOnnmt'f"1l11n::1J
iflli1un1Jli 12
iitn1l1'l'l'::Ufl'
;j01f11f1U,f1ilfl1111H1Jiui'1n;"titi",::, lynll1'n1J1n lls1im'l'l" t::'li

l'lfUOUfllII::UOlfl1u,,,::UfI1UU1 'lYl,{m1Ulnfl11.ui1u,hfl\lnfl'Uu31
,wnll1'n ..1'11""'t1'::OlflH-h
011111.01'''
f1.fl. 806 m1'9m10lfl1u",::Ufl1U1n
.,nfll1JU01f1lflU'9I flO
.. .-_.1 ..sO' .... 1O'
(Shingon) Tlfl'lI1l11Jln
yj1U''111 'lirr1UUtl
whuu1J1 OlfllflU1"1". 1u vhu1lirr1UUtl
W463 47


tillnl1 H II 111fl1U "lUI'U1UU

.IlII.., ... ...
-
f111l''Ul\l1UIQQU: 'Unla,,'U.:a8'U
. ,
li1UfJ'n (Kiikai, fl.fl. 774-835)
li1UtJ'nffmllln1li !lUUi''lffll11111::ff1t'l'U (Mantrayana,
Shingon) lu9'nn11Mu
.:.IA ... ........ .!J'"
fl1 "'lfU
"True Words" .hil "1IUmfl1U"
...s. laI .... 1..../0# .-IiI
(Speech) (Three Mysteries) flfl m!l
111
1u fl.rI. 816 li1UtJ (Koya)
, .
mflll1nfli1J1fllllU otiff\lO'1 ffflU1f1t/911 vi 1UU hijj nu
, .
ffn\ll1l1nfiu1 (Esoteric teaching)
111U9l1 1lJjjm11NflllVl1lh1ullnflUfl1!lUfln
(Truths) (Absolute)
Offn: Unflfl III nmnlll1::1'rIrI:: fl1111111 niiO1fl\lnU1:: 1111111111-r1Ufl1111111
'U f) iiO1fl;;U fl U ,;'ffflU'l)fl ii01!l;iu fl UI Uti 1ffflU f{ Itl11:: M'If nnn11'U fl 9'm 1111
1'r1!l1t1fi'l'rlll 1l'lnll1'l 5 fl1ffU1
1UffUflilltiU .
, ... ,- ,,: 1 ../,'1 _.. '2 2 '!'II".I '
Ufll U.
n1fl1U 111U'U 'rill I1 1nil 1U'l'l':: 'l'rlll111 u:: fll1J1f) 1 l'Otl1Vn flflll n
6 ,;'ffflU'U iiO1!l;;U U Uti 1ffflU\1 1fl'l'l 'J::'1"11 U'I flll11 (Dainichi)
fl fI afltl'l'J'''' 1J'J1f11t'l'l1nd1t1 'rIlIl lUfl1lfl'Jfl1Jfl' 11m'Jif
aWt'l'i:!fl 'U
tiu ti1ffflU 11'J IlU'l 'rIlIllU01liiu'Jlnfl1Uii01!l6u 1!lflfl ii01!l

1fllln::iiOlfl1j)lU1l1n111;flltl (Kegon) n';H riu U

48 81463

1. flll1Utl1f11f1'U'" ",::h1""'1"1114'1
u;l1"t h "7::II"lItl1V a'1"h ",::d'1Iltlfltl1v "'::itl
",::h1",,,::tl,::li1HYlIli ",::11'f1li"hrJtl'UII'Uu"'::fl7:: "'::itl",::h 1all'U::tl,::liu
l'l1l1i
.- .. .... .... t' ... ..,..!! ... J,. ,
2. f1111'Utl1V'I11-I'I1UU (Hua-yen) 'Umfl\latlyn:: 11711\1::
, 1 '" .. .. w .. '''tl ' '"
'I1,tl",:: 1 'I1111f1MIl1'Ntl'1HYl IlJ\I",::
1 .. ",'I .. ,.. .. .1
nll tlfltl1U (Kegon)
.. .. !J!..... '1.
3. \ltl1f1l1\1"'fllU 'I1,tl\ln1f1,'II'fllU ",:: "1 'IIU::f1tl ",::
11'11111;fI'1Yl1l:: U1U'1"lIl1 ",::11 '111' 1
. ,
1'"\1:: latl
",::,117\1'1 '1Yl 1111'"
.. "'.... "'.. , <!I: tl "<!10M w
11"':: IlJUYl7"llJII1HIItl' YlH,rn.hnll
...... !II .. ..,;,. w
YlHllJUltl'lItlU,,'::1I"1I6Utl'lJ\I'1ll yn:: 117I1U::fltllltl'::YlUnaH'l"1I
m"", lfIflU"'::1If11U'lYlIlI14
",::i1f\1f\1111 11,IIU:: litllJlfiU'IU!lUIIn::Utllnflll
un",::i1lJ/f\llUU11 i1lJ/!Ull1,.j lJ1I1'l YI, Utl1,


lI11utl1f11f1U'" lIn::u tlull::ii f111lJlI tllluu
w" .t' w .. .. , !l\" .. I w

...... l' .....
IIn::lJYlq"t1If1f11nufl tl fl1llJl'WtlIUfl1ll1ll'l'lItltl1f1"1n,nu (Egalitarianism) fI'WllI::

ii"nfltllY1 U7' 'IYll tll 1:: nil n" 1111n::1f1' tl uti'II U111 I'll U, tl 91 11.1

''I'''::' l'11dlUn
'Ul'l'lifll!/flU 1nn
U 1f111tll71l1l'11U'lIqJUUI'U18ltllla::I'II11flfll , l%'tl'fl; l 1
'tl l'I1Utl1'UUntlyn:: 1 'I'n::1
.. ... 1 .... !II I 4 ....
lJ 2 fltl 'I'l'::tl1 nm9lrl1' (Kannon)
., ..;... .... , 1 tl 1 .... .!J;,. ,,,;, .. '"
ImlnUYltl'afll'llfll\lIH 13 1'1 '::IYlrl ",:: YI'::tlgn::
W463 49

(Achla, Fud6, It,U:: litO
"nt:l11aihflfm 'HiO
'. .. .... ."..1.. 1 :: ..
fl77t111Gl'Yla "7::tl'la::fltl"n "lInfl1Y1fllf7t:l1'VU IlJUlIUflllllln
u77"lfflnUl'1Y1l1Un1flfliH OJ littl,hulul1ll1
. , .. '_I ..I.. J.. 1
lJlln1 fflnUl'1"11'1111fl1111nau (Esoteric Buddhism) UlIUfltl umfllflU
Ilf'lm7ar
.. ..I .1.... J.. ....I ."
nlflty'l1l{fl1J lJ7l:1flfllnflH"nU1'1'1111anufI 0 m711f11nU1'I'I1l1nnU ,,"'1'111nl:111U ,
,.... "'" "
1lftyllfUtll1J1810 (Hiei) fl Y11UltlUUU (Ennin, f1.fl. 794

864) (Tendai esotericism) iimfllflU'"
J., !II , 1..1" .... JII ....,:..!IIe ,
lI11ll::11rllntlUI'HllOUnU

nufltl

(Kegon) rnj'O"7l:U"7U"1
Ulf1Hfll1J1tll.,,6num.6 "lntlUlIl:Qna1fllltl"i1'tJJJ'", (Exotic Buddhism) QmOlflU
(Esotericism) il,hIQ"lnfl1l1ll1n;iu
tiu (Esoteric discipline) fhl'l'tluifnu (Esoteric)
, .
rYt:lU';1'tJ (Exoteric) nm7al0'l1tlflrhu

.
QmfllflU'flll1iIllUl1lfl.hnuQmflaU (Esoteric)
(Esoteric Buddhism)

11l11flVl (K6ya) illomn'.n't1fl1111Ufl1l1l1n"7l:
,.,,,mUndtltJn11UmfllflU'" un QmfllflU'fl''''Ilflnlllln
nu Qt11fliiiilfl,., (Miidera) DUlfl'11t1uftl1fl fl.fI. 674 t1U
(Lake Biwa) fl.fI. 858 Itluiu (Enchin,
fl.. 814-891) utJllfIi,7u
111 (Esoteric Buddhism) Rtl 1'fl11
50 10463



:; .. ...... .JlW
011111Y1nlnllJ"'HUnlIJ19IU "YlI.ll1lt1 (Hiei)

llu')ftatJlio i101IJI"U'fl

0V1111ti'U'A'l9l1Jd'ufi fl.fl'. 933 tJ"911

7 300 ilfltl1l1 ",::

(Warrior monks)
..:; iI ..! .. .1./.1. 1 W
. .
W ,
UtJtJUNU YI"U'Vtlfltl n"
,
umIJl9lu'91ti'tJi101IJ80tr1. (Hosso
11-12
fl'ltrU1'l n11 i1nllJlI Mlll1Uii jj 1'10UgatJ' ill \111tl rjllU1 YI H nl' i11J1I utJii0
IYl1fll1Jl01JlfJ (Polytheism) 1"in"1111n1l11J
OU11fJl1f1l1U"ffllm fl'1trUllfotlui\'lll1I'I1Jfl'11'1" f 'u"'11Jll''' tl,10glrJU1I'I1Jfl'11'1"nU
tlnlIJtrulll8tlU '1 (Heresies) 1110
4u
IdOfl'ltrU1'l YI. i1n1lJlIM11J1UlllhltjafJUlIlnl"U,!U fl'ltrl.llYu1" jj1n01trM;0

8111'41;",1,,:
'uflflriou '1'l111Ul 1u
fl'1trU1W l"jj,htrnum,lI"lI\l"lJlmllouti'u ui
IlYltJ\l::'lijjfl1lll dlfl'1llnfJ IIehu'1fqjjj,j171l1;t1fllliH11OfJ jjllfitJnl'll" fl'ltl'U1
.. 1 eiI...., .. ., I .. , ..a .. II., ..
u 'U1JUfl'ltrul11l1m,utJtl0'J'VlnUOIJ141'fJlJ411J"U '1 "'::'1'V111Unl04 111l\l::UtJtltl
Ill., d ... II' -- .3."
fl'ltrulYlYlll nfJ411fUfl1111111f1'1l"04Y11IJIYI'" Chronicles ofJapan (lJ"-911lJUlln9l11111191lJ
1" (Department of Shinto) 'u fl.fl'. 689 'u
tlnlIJI'IUIJ""::UfI'U"l 1"
191tlIU"'1::41U"nlJfjIllYl1fJIYI" (Great Thanksgiving Celebration) 'ft7"''' ftii1.1,,'J (Sho
II' I.. .. .. .,.. ..
toku) ..IIHu,::mfl'11 I'ImtJU"'::1Il11011"'1J "UlJtlo""n9lU"'fJ (Three Treasures)
IrJutlufitJu,n ti'91uu1tlllll4IftIJ4Y11tl""Qf..18
1U463 51

"":nnh:tr,,fi',fUlfi'll'i..lJ1n'U ,ur. 768 (Ise) trtnthn",,:
81' UJ'l 'n1I Im11\'0YU1f1lJ1mJ1O'Htl10U,.h jhr tl"m,"',:fl1trU1..l"fl1trU1
YU1f111tl:fI1trU1'l'nl nmhi8'HtlOlJnU1....lfiulJ1n' un,tiiUtl10'l!Y1IW"tlU'Hri811tl8lJ
'1lJtlUrntru1YU1.. 1ii
1u4u4011 "liffltrmfilJotl1l1'hll..";tl"'8v1tftl"nc" ("original substance manifests
traces," honji suijaku)" .., ''''nril1iMluft:
Y11VI'n",1,&1UlIli"nlflfl1..,'lJ,.,n'n1:h1au'l'nllf, Hlltl:I'n'Ul1ft8;8"'8V (traces)
u"ng''11M 6tllJlJ,.,mm:h 1"U'l'nI,r'f,i1u,iftltrmfilJ..
ftalln11111"dUal6'"
..
U'1U'n;Vnl'l'l (Aesthetic refinement)
...
11IUfl;"II,n fI1tru1lJUYlmYllhfitV'um,tr11"rr11f1flatlmnl 1..0I,nn:fl1tru1'l'n1
umoyu"tlU f"&"l11lJUVlJ'1UYI;fltn,, dfltlfl11lJ
..
Iffl-n1 (Hui-lcuo) '16''HnnmlltrlJ8
, .. .I w .. : ,;)!
11 m'Y1l1:tnfl'nfl..fl11lJ'HlJ10M'II""8""'::f1lJ",anU (Esoteric scriptures) UU "8" 'I.
nauli1'I.Iafl"h,fu fl11lJ1..,ufiU'Iltl"",trU1'l'nliimm.,,, .,
Y1; Vnl'l'l 'l1qjlJ1n'UthtrtlU..l"'Htl10tl':InYl,fu
'UtrUOIlItlU ..tHfi118" fi"tl"ngi..u("
.,nn1'JoftlllU11:UUI;;VUllft:m"lIU,1"D1f1i1
1. nlll1: 1::U1Jn111'U'I.I
l ..flBlJlnnt'l.l U"n1101l,f'l.llii..4'1.1'Hft10fl/" 1-ri'lJ''Hft'f1'n'"
lIft::lJ1lI,nlll1ri"",,, ., 'IIfl,,1u m'l;;fI'I.Iu1"fi1
''ll'iu'''u ,h"t1f'Wt\l1
1" DI n1111'1'11 1ftl1'1!l11'1.1 Ido1ftin'l!l,1'1.1 tn'l!l11'1.1 60lJli1'1.1aflIHO
, .. f" ...1 A W W "W
U"', fl1'J fln'U''I.IlJ1"'lI fI 'I.ItlI "
oftlllU1tln'l!l,1'1.1lfJ'I.Itlnll' .",
. .
52 m463


1ftfllfllUI1'll tHfi '"I InQI n" 11!0011 1flft 1111fnUll' '"IIa::111" iJ'" '"
IftflJJ;m1.l1"flln"''''If!"."nJl".chtity
2. ..",f.",G1fl111J
"",f II",Ma1flUflll 0".1I1fl1111tift If1.1,,;fl1l1" 111ri
1. lh Aware 'IIM101fl
. " .
fl1111tiuRmftl fl1111\hn'lJ'lI thOjjn
1'01.l"'titJfl11111t'lt'1I'/aft tll111Iflt'11t'ln tl1111{itnIflmOltl'
, "" 0
fll nnn'::I'nOU01'1IQI 00'" fll Aware
tI::tf 0'"01'11iii' fl1111lflt'ljjtl1111nlnn til Aware jjfl111JM1Jlfl1nfl11l'"OtJ
... .I

2. tll en
.t ... , "4 .: 4 .1 A
3. rll Okashi M1IlfltNnHhil Mlnfl'Oflfl1J Iflfttll11Jut'l1Jufllla::fll11J''''
Ii
4. ,h Miyabi III'/IHft111JM1J1111.l,::wfla::IOflft60'"

,I'/Ufl1J1.It::Wfla::IOflfl60'" 1t1Ufl1J'Ilnfl111JM1IlflUUn'::tfowi.",nnJllln'U Miyabi
If! '"fin'" 01'"lfl111H11J 111'" fOtJfll 11111'1nftl1'l ft "',1.1 fl111111 fltJ n' til Miyabi

alfl'nOft UUfl '"'In"".oj",

(Syllabary, kana,
tl 01::) ,11',r1'/1111Hl1II '"1111QI tl Mq/ i Il' 111n1'"l'l'11flllft1'" 11101fl ftll tift
(Still atmosphere)
.. ..
u'::""'l1

If'"'n; fllll" jjtJ 'n tJ1'n Mq/' '"10.1f1tl "'IIanI,::iiiflln'f1f fi 1'/1iflIlft1'"
1'."'11' ,1ItJ' J",1.I'lnll1"'1",fta1.lIln::1"01flR InQI 111 ",'U
'lIti
1. The Tale of Genji (um"'lflui) 24".10 (Murasaki Shikibu)
1U463 S3


2. PlUow Book I" (Sei ShOnagon)
tY:: ,fU\I;1", \I"1::".",91\1tl
3.
4. tll'ftt.., .. 1\1 (N6)
5. imtltl"JJ";'1Jl1 1 um"l1 imtl

1t1"'tl"iti,,{ih,ftltlihrm(
12:
11m'l.nni'uIIO\l 'j(tl,tllt'lDl' UlI"JJ'\I rnrl\l1

lI"nllUtlJJln

10 12
.. 1'1f"
11
..

(f1.f!. llS6, 1160, 1180, 1185)
(Taira) riu",tQftu\ll1JJ1" (Minamoto)
. ,
'\1 f1.f!. 1185 ",tlJftU\l11JJ ",tlJft
(Kamukura)

"Ufl\ll" u\ll1JJ1" 1u;1"1JJ (Minamoto Yoritomo)

l"Q\I (Shogun. 'h11 lIt1ft11 lIOJJ';". Generalissimo) 111\1n"
Il1Jt\'\I,tUDUIN...tl1'Jl'lfl' (Military Dic:tatorship) .
tI, t1';f!lt'1" f t'lUDlIO\l llJtllY1'.f111\111')11 lJllJ1JJ tI i'utll i fl

ID463
.Jl .. 1 11 .lot' .. <II w w .. w - '11..01 <II
Ill."'''lfl7' lUQflllfllllll ,,"071IlJU

.I w .. .. ,..... ....1 .....
fltlfll lUIn tVlltItI v1.1 .. 111.1fill m, n11 UIIUfl6
W 4 -"j.. ... :: l' "'.1!'1' 4
1::lJllUII f11'"11'" 1"VTlU1:: U1111"n11IlJlllf1.1J1111.1 1.1 UnlUlHl lf1M .. 11.111N1.1"1.1
".'1 .....1 w'" .1 ... 1 .. ".'1 w
tV14U 1I11UlItV14Ull::nUflU U"f17111l1l 912 tV14UfllllJ
nUflllrnfl flnnUthlllll
lflu111ql1UIlNufi1.1 v:: tl 1UtJl 1fl1 Hfln1l nfl1 1,u::trlunanu
flU''''? nU6ulYf)u1u fI.rr.
m463 55
MEDIEVAL JAPAN
Jf
._
88A
0'
PACIFIC
o C E A N
Of
.

......"'\If
01
,".:,

. .
.. .
I
..
. ,

- J
a
m463