npaBHa HOpMa; npaBeH nOpe~OK; npaBeH CHCTeM;npaBeH HHCTHTYT (YCTaHOBa, HHCTHTYQHja); npaBHa rpaHKa; npaBHa 06JIaCT; BHaTpelIIHO npaBO;

MefYHapO~HO npaBO; MaTepHjaJIHO npaBO; <pOpMaJIHO (npOQeCHO) npaBO; YCTaB BO MaTepHjaJIHa CMHCJIa; YCTaB BO <pOpMaJIHa CMHCJIa; TeMeJIHH Bpe~HOCTH; BJIa~eeH.e Ha npaBOTO; nOJIHTH'IKH nJIypaJIH3aM.

KJIYl:JHI13EOPOBI1:

1. 3a OCHOBHHTe npaBHH nOHMH

OnllITeCTBeHaTa 3ae~HMQa e HeBO3MO)KHa ~OKOJIKY He nocTojaT npaBMJIa IlITO ro peryJIMpaaT )KMBOTOTBO Hea. O~HeCYBaH>eTOHa JIyteTO BO onllITeCTBOTO ce perYJIMpa co pa3JIMqHM BM~OBM npaBMJIa (HOpMM): MOpaJIHM, peJIMrMO3HM, 06MqajHM, npaBHM... O~ CMTe npaBMJIa KOM ro perYJIMpaaT QOBeKOBOTO nOBe~eHMe, Haj3HaQajHM ce npaBHMTe HOpMM. IIpa6Ha HOpMa e OllIlITeCTBeHO npaBMJIO 3a O~HeCyBaH>eTOHa JIYteTo ~OHeceHO M (MJIM) CaHKQMOHMpaHO O~ CTpaHa Ha ~p)KaBaTa, O~HOCHO 3allITMTeHO O~ ~p)KaBHMOT anapaT 3a npMHy~a. Toa 3HaQM ~eKa onllITecTBeHOTO npaBMJIO 3a O~HeCYBaH>eTO Ha JIyteTo MO)Ke ~a 6MJ(e CO3~a~eHO O~ ~p}KaBaTa (Kora e ~OHeceHO O~ CTpaHa Ha Ha~JIe)KeH ~p)KaBeH opraH) MJIH, naK, ~p}KaBaTa MO)Ke ~a caHKQHOHMpa o~pe~eHa onllITeCTBeHa HopMa (MopaJIHa, 06HQajHa) KojallITo BeKe nOCTOM.CMJIaTa M 06Bp3YBaQKHOT KapaKTep Ha npaBHaTa HopMa npOH3JIeryBaaT O~ ~aKTOT ~eKa Taa e 3allITHTeHa O~ CTpaHa Ha ~p)KaBHMOT anapaT 3a npMHy~a. no Toa npaBHaTa HopMa ce pa3JIHKyBa o~ ~pyrMTe OllIlITeCTBeHM HOpMM, QMellITO nOQHTYBaH>eHe ce 06e36eTJ.yBa O~ CTpaHa Ha ~p)KaBaTa. npaBHHTe HOpMH ce nOBp3aHM BO npaBeH nope~OK H BO npaBeH CMCTeM. IIpa6eH uope90K e opraHM3HpaH pe~ Ha onllITeCTBeHM O~HOCM, peryJIHpaHM co npaBHH HOpMH, O~HOCHO e~MHCTBOHa npaBHMTe HOpMM M Ha O~HOCMTe Mety JIyteTO Ha KOHIIITO ce npMMeHyBaaT OBMe HOpMH (HOpMaTHBeH M ~aKTMQKM eJIeMeHT Ha npaBHMOT nope~OK). IIpa6eH cucweM e 36Hp O~ onllITH npaBHM HOpMM, CHCTeMaTH3HpaHH cnope~ onpe~eJIeHH npaBHJIa, BO COO~BeTHM-nOMaJIM MJIMnoroJIeMH -rpynH, TaKa llITO 3ae~HO ~opMHpaaT e~HHCTBeHa H HenpOTHBpeQHa QeJIMHa. npaBHHTe HOpMH ce rpynHpaaT BO o~pe~eHH QeJIHHH BP3 OCHOBaHa HHBHaTa CpO~HOCT.npH CHCTeMaTH3aQHjaTaHa npaBHHTe HOpMH KaKO KpHTepHYM HajQeCTO ce KOpHCTH HMBHaTa CO~p)KHHa, O~HOCHO CO~p)KMHaTa Ha onllITeCTBeHHTe O~HOCHIlITO THe rH peryJIMpaaT. Cnope~ OBOj KpHTepHYM, ce pa3JIHKYBaaT: npaBHa YCTaHOBa, npaBHa rpaHKa H npaBHa 06JIaCT. IIpa6Ha ycwaHo6a (UHCWUWYW, UHCWUWYl{uja) rH on~aKa npaBHHTe HOpMH IlITO perYJIHpaaT e~eH HCTonllITeCTBeH O~HOC,O~HOCHO MCTO QOBeKOBOO~HeCYBaH>e(Ha npHMep: 6paK, nocBojyBaH>e, Kynonpo~a)K6a, conCTBeHOCT HTH.). IIpa6Ha zpaHKa e 36Hp O~ nOBeKe npaBHM YCTaHOBH IlITO peryJIHpaaT HCT BH~ onIIITeCTBeHM O~HOCH.HajnpBo ce O~OpMHJIe Ka3HeHOTO npaBO M rpataHcKOTO npaBO, a nOToa ce nojaBHJIe H ~PyrM npaBHH rpaHKH (YCTaBHO npaBO, ynpaBHo npaBO, Tpy~OBO npaBO, TprOBCKO npaBO, ~HHaHCMCKO npaBO HTH.). EpojOT Ha npaBHM rpaHKM e npOMeHJIHB. Bo pa3JIHQHM 3eMjH nocTojaT pa3JIHQHH npaBHH rpaHKH. ](I BO npaBHMOT CHC-

16

TeM Ha el::(Ha3eMja, BO TeKOT Ha Hej3HHHoT HCTOpHCKHpa3Boj, 6POjOT Ha npaBHHTe rpaHKH H BHI::(OBHTe npaBHH rpaHKH ce MeHYBaaT. IIpa811a o6JZacal e l::(eJI01::(npaBHHOT CHCTeMBO KOj BJIerYBaaT 110BeKe npaBHH rpaHKH, KOH, naK, ce rpynHpaaT BO npaBHH 06JIaCTH BP3 OCHOB a Ha pa3JIH~HH KpHTepHYMH. TaKa, MO)Ke I::(a ce 360pYBa 3a 811aalpeWllO apa80 (IIITO rH oncl>aKa IIpaBHHTe rpaHKH IIITO rH perYJIHpaaT BHaTpeIlIHHTe npaBHH OI::(HOCH, T.e. npaBHHTe OI::(HOCH BO paMKHTe Ha el::(Ha I::(p)KaBa) H 3a MeiYllapo9110 apa80 (MerYHapOI::(HO jaBHo npaBO, MeryHapOI::(HO IIpHBaTHO npaBO); HJIH 3a .MaalepujaJZllO apa80 (Koe ro perYJIHpa OI::(HeCYBallieTO Ha npaBHHTe cy6jeKTH -HHBHHTe IIpaBa H I::(OJI)KHOCTH) H 3a ljJopMaJZllO (apOl4eCllO) apa80 (Koe rH OIl<tJaKa npaBHHTe HOpMH IIITO ja npOIlHIIIYBaaT IIpo~el::(ypaTa HH3 Koja ce OCTBapYBaaT MaTepHjaJIHO-lIpaBHHTe HOpMH) HTH. IIpaBHHTe HOpMH BO el::(HaI::(p)KaBace Meryce6Ho ycOrJIaCeHH cnopel::(Ha~eJIOTO Ha XHepapxHja. Ha BpBOT Ha XHepapXHCKaTa CKaJIa ce HaoraaT YCTaBHHTe HOpMH, T.e. Y CTaBOT KaKO HajBHcoK IIpaBeH aKT BO ceKoja I::(p)KaBa. Toj rH perYJIHpa Haj3Ha~ajHHTe OI::(HOCH BO I::(p)KaBaTa H OIlIlITecTBOTO H rH 1I0CTaBYBa OCHOBHHTenpHH~HIIH Ha npaBHHOT CHCTeM. CHTe npaBHH HOpMH COl::(p)KaHH BO I::(pyrHTe IIpaBHH aKTH Tpe6a I::(a6HI::(aTBO COrJIaCHOCTco YCTaBOT. Bel::(HalII no YCTaBOT, cnopel::( cBojaTa npaBHa CHJIa, ce HaoraaT 3aKOHHTe IIITO rH 1::(0HeCYBa lIapJIaMeHTOT H KOH Tpe6a I::(a6HI::(aTBO CorJIacHOCT co YCTaBOT. XHepapXHCKaTa CKaJIa npOI::(OJI)KYBa co nOl::(3aKOHCKHTe aKTH (ypeI::(6a, Hapel::(6a, OI::(JIYKa H CJI.) IIITO rH 1::(0HeCYBaaT opraHHTe Ha I::(p)KaBHaTa BJIaCT (BJIal::(aTa,MHHHCTepCTBaTa,IIIecl>oT Ha I::(p)KaBa),aKTHTe Ha eI::(HHH~HTeHa JIOKaJIHaTa caMoynpaBa (CTaTYT, OI::(JIYKH H CJI.) H KOJIeKTHBHHTe 1::(0rOBOpH KOH Tpe6a I::(a6HI::(aTBO COrJIaCHOCT H co YCTaBOTH co 3aKOHHTe Ha 3eMjaTa.

2. Y CTaB
YCTaBOT e HajBIfcoK nOJIIfTIfqKO-npaBeH ~OKYMeHT (aKT) co KOj ce rapaHTIfpaaT OCHOBHIfTe CJI060~If If npaBa Ha qOBeKOT If Ha rparaHIfHOT If ce ype~YBaaT OCHOBIfTe Ha nOJIIfTIfqKIfOT, npaBHIfOT If Ha OlllIITeCTBeHIfOT CIfCTeM BO qeJIIfHa. lIoAuatuIlKaata apupo9a Ha OBOj aKT npOIf3JIerYBa O~ cpaKTOT ~eKa ro ~OHeCYBaaT BJIa~ejaqKIfTe nOJIIfTIfqKIf CIfJIIf (cy6jeKTIf) KOIf O~JIYqYBaaT 3a HerOBaTa cpOpMa, CO~p)J{IfHa If CYllITIfHa, O~ e~Ha CTpaHa, KaKO If O~ nOJIIfTIfqKIfOT KapaKTep Ha MHory6pojHIfTe O~HOCMIf IfHCTIfTyqIfIf IIITO ce perYJIIfpaaT If ce BOCnOCTaBYBaaT co YCTaBOT,O~ ~Pyra CTpaHa. lIpaBHaata apupo9a Ha OBOj aKT 3HaqIf ~eKa HerOBIfTe 0~pe~6If ce O~HeCYBaaT Ha CIfTe (erga omnes) If rIf 06Bp3YBaaT CIfTe cy6jeKTIf.

YCTaBoT e HajBHcoK npaBeH aKT, HajBHcoK 3aKOH (lex superior), 3aKOH Han 3aKOHHTe. CHTe npyrH npaBHH aKTH Mopa na 6HnaT ycOrJIaCeHH co Hero. YCTaBOT e H HajonIlIT npaBeH aKT. Y CTaBHTe ce pa3JIHKYBaaT cnopen COnp)KHHaTa, CTpYKTYpaTa H CHCTeMaTHKaTa. Bo YCTaBHaTa HcTopHja H TeopHja ce nO3HaTH nOBeKe KJIacHclJHKaQHHHa YCTaBHTe, 3aBHCHOon KpHTep~MHTe on KOHIIITO ce noara. Pa3JIHKYBaMe ycTaB BO MaTepHjaJIHa CMHCJIa(MaTepHjaJIeH noHM) H ycTaB BO clJopMaJIHa CMHCJIa(clJopMaJIeH noRM). llon ycata8 80 MaatepujaJlHa CMUCJlace nonpa36Hpa CHCTeM (QeJIHHa) Ha OCHOBHH HaqeJIa H HOpMH (nHIIIaHH HJIH HenHIIIaHH) co KOHIIITO ce ypenYBaaT (perYJIHpaaT) OCHOBHHTe OnHOCH BO np)KaBaTa H BO onIIITeCTBOTO.1 Ycata8 80 tjJopMaJlHa CMUCJla e nHIIIaH nOKYMeHT co HajBHcoKa npaBHa CHJIa, nOHeceH on npeTCTaBHHqKOTO TeJIO -HOCHTeJI Ha 3aKOHOnaBHaTa BJIaCT HJIH, naK, OA CneQHjaJIHO YCTaBOTBopHO TeJIO, BO noce6Ha (nOCJIO)KeHa) nOCTanKa on OHaa cnopen KojaIlITo ce nOHeCYBaaT3aKOHHTe H npyrHTe nponHCH H aKTH. Y CTaBOT BO MaTepHjaJIHa CMHCJIa H YCTaBOT BO clJopMaJIHa CMHCJIa HajqeCTO He ce COBnaraaT BO peaJIHOCTa. lloneJI6aTa Ha uuwaHU H HeuuwaHU YCTaBH ce TeMeJIH Ha clJopMaJIHO-npaBHH KpHTepHYMH. llHIIIaHH YCTaBHce OHHe KOH YCTaBHo-npaBHaTa MaTepHja ja H3JIO)KYBaaT BO nHIIIaHa cpopMa, a HenHIIIaHH YCTaBHce T.H. 06HqajHH YCTaBH, COCTaBeHH on npaBHJIa BO HenHIIIaHa clJopMa (o6HQaH). llpBHTe (nHIIIaHHTe) ce HapeKYBaaT H YCTaBH BO clJopMaJIHa CMHCJIa,a BTopHTe (HenHIIIaHHTe) ce HapeKYBaaT YCTaBH BO MaTepHjaJIHa CMHCJIaHJIH, naK, HCTOpHCKHYCTaBH. I1aKo HenHIIIaHHTe YCTaBH HM npeTXOneJIe Ha nHIIIaHHTe YCTaBH, neHec cenaK npeOBJIanYBaaT nHIIIaHHTe. llpHMep 3a 06HQaeH YCTaB e aHrJIHCKHOT, HO TOj noKpaj 06HQaH COnp)KH H rOJIeM 6poj nHIIIaHH nOKYMeHTH.2 lloneJI6aTa Ha YCTaBHTe Ha li8pCatU H MeKU npOH3JIeryBa on npaBHHOT pe)KHM (npOQenypaTa) 3a H3MeHa Ha YCTaBOT. ~BpCTH ce OHHe YCTaBH 3a QHjaIlITo H3MeHa e noTpe6Ha noce6Ha nOCTanKa, nOCJIO)KeHa on 3aKoHOnaBHaTa, a MeKH ce YCTaBHTe IIITO ce MeHYBaaT on HCTHTe opraHH (IIITO rH nOHecYBaaT 3aKoHHTe) H Ha HCT HaQHH (npoQenypa) KaKO IIITO ce nOHecYBaaT H ce H3MeHYBaaT 3aKOHHTe.

1 Ce pa30Hpa, pa3nHQHH MHCnHTenHpa3nHQHOro TpeTHpaaT YCTaBOTBO MaTepHjanHa CMHCna. HeKoH o~ HHB MaTepHjanHHoT nORM Ha YCTaBOTro Bp3YBaaT 3a ~p)KaBaTa (JenHHeK, EapTeneMH, PycfJuja), ~PYrH 3a nOnHTHQKaTaBnaCT (AHBep)Ke), TpeTH 3a npaBOTO (Ken3eH), a QeTBpTH 3a cfJaKTHQKHTe O~HOCHHa CHnHTe BO e~HO KOHKpeTHO onmTeCTBO(JIacen). 2 AHrnHja, BcymHoCT, HeMa YCTaB BO cfJopManHo-npaBHa CMHCJla, T.e. KaKO CHCTeMaTH3HpaH OCHOBeH 3aKOHHa 3eMjaTa, TYKY HMa YCTaBBOMaTepHjaJlHo-npaBHa CMUCJIa.

18

Bo YCTaBHO-lIpaBHaTa TeopHja ce 360PYBa H 3a T.H. UOJlYl{6pCUlU H UOJlYMeKU YCTaBH, BO 3aBHCHOCT O~ CTelIeHOT Ha CJIO)KeHOCTa Ha IIpo~eJJ.YpaTa 3a HHBHa H3MeHa, KaKO H 3a xu6pu9HU YCTaBH, Kaj KOH HeKOH ~eJIOBH HMaaT KapaKTep Ha ~BpCTH, a HeKOH ~eJIOBH KapaKTepHCTHKH Ha MeKH YCTaBH. Bo KJIaCHqHHTe KJIacHclJHKa~HH Ha YCTaBHTe ce cpeKaBa H 1I0~eJI6aTa Ha KO9upUl{UpaHU H HeKo9uljJUl{UpaHU YCTaBH. npBHTe ce H3pa3eHH BO e~eH aKT, a BTopHTe ce CO~p)KaHH BO 1I0BeKe aKTH.3 ClIope~ 06eMOT, YCTaBHTe ce ~eJIaT Ha UOUlUOJlHU (~eJIOCHH), upeOUWUPHU H HeUOUlUOJlHU. QeJIOCeH YCTaB e OHOj IIITO rH 1I0KpHBa CHTe 6HTHH eJIeMeHTH (OIIIIITeCTBeHH O~HOCH) O~ YCTaBHO-lIpaBeH KapaKTep. npeOIIIIIHpeH YCTaB e IIpeMHory ~eTaJIeH YCTaB, T.e. OHOj YCTaB IIITO CO~p)KH eJIeMeHTH O~ 3aKOHCKHKapaKTep. HelIOTIIOJIH e OHOj YCTaB IIITO ~eJIYMHO ja olIclJaKa YCTaBHO-lIpaBHaTa MaTepHja. O~ aClIeKT Ha CO~p)KHHaTa, YCTaBHTe ce KJIaCHcpH~HpaaT KaKO: geKJlapaUlU6HU, KOHCUlUUlYUlU6HU U upoipaMCKU. AeKJIapaTHBeH YCTaB e OHOj IIITO IIpeTCTaBYBa ~eCKpHII~Hja Ha 1I0cTojHaTa cocToj6a BO OIIIIITecTBOTO. KOHCTHTYTHBeH e YCTaBOTco QHHIIITO 0~pe~6H ce HHH~Hpa C03~aBaH.e Ha HOBa cocToj6a, KojaIIITo e CO~p)KHHCKHH BpeMeHCKH O~pe~JIHBa. nporpaMCKHOT YCTaB ja CKH~Hpa paMKaTa H HaCOKHTe 3a HaTaMOIIIHHOT pa3Boj H HerOBaTa peaJIH3a~Hja He e BpeMeHCKH clJHKcHpaHa, TYKY 3aBHCH O~ IIpeTXO~HOTO HCIIOJIHYBaH.eHa OlIpe~eJIeHH YCJIOBH. O~ aClIeKT Ha BpeMeTpaeH.eTO, YCTaBHTe MO)KaT ~a 6H~aT CUla6UJlHU H KpaUlKoUlpajHU. CTa6HJIeH e YCTaBOTco peJIaTHBHO ~OJIr lIepHO~ Ha Ba)KeH.e, a KpaTKOTpaeH e OHOj co 1I0KpaTOK pOK Ha Ba)KeH.e. ClIope~ CTelIeHOT Ha ycOrJIaCeHOCTa Ha YCTaBHHTe HOpMH co peaJIHaTa cocToj6a, pa3JIHKYBaMe: peaJlHU, HepeaJlHU (HOMUHaJlHU) U PUKUlU6HU (MUCUlUpUKaalpCKU) YCTaBH.PeaJIHH ce YCTaBHTe KOH TprHYBaaT O~ clJaKTHQKaTa cocToj6a, lIa 1I0pa~H Toa ce H OCTBapJIHBH.HepeaJIHHTe (HOMHHaJIHHTe) YCTaBHce ~eKJIapaTHBHHYCTaBH KOHIIITO 1I0BeKe H3pa3YBaaT HaMepa OTKOJIKYpeaJIHa MO)KHOCT.<I>HKTHBHHOT YCTaBe eKCTpeMHO HepeaJIeH aKT, clJHK~Hja o~~aJIeQeHa O~ peaJIHOCTa. Bo YCTaBHaTa TeopHja ce cpeKaBaaT H ~pyrH 1I0HMH 3a YCTaBOT, KaKO: clJHJI030clJCKH (ApHCTOTeJI, XereJI), 1I0JIHTHQKH (JIeBeHIIITajH, IIIMHT). Bo HHTY e~a KJIacHclJHKa~Hja He 1I0cTojaT QHCTHTHIIOBH, O~HOCHO MO~eJIH Ha YCTaBH.
3 HCTOpHCKHnpHMep Ha HeKo~HclJH~HpaH YCTaBe YCTaBOT Ha TpeTaTa <I>paHU,yCKa Peny6JIHKa o~ 1958, COCTaBeH o~ TPH YCTaBHH 3aKOHH:3aKoHoT 3a opraHH3a~Hja Ha jaBHHTe BJIaCTH,3aKoHoT 3a opraHH3a~Hja Ha CeHaToT H YCTaBHHoT 3aKOH 3a Metyce6HHTe o~HOCHHa jaBHHTe BJIaCTH.CoBpeMeH npHMep Ha xeTeporeH YCTaBe H3paeJICKHOT, BO KOj YCTaBHo-npaBeHKapaKTep HMaaT: 3aKoHoT 3a OCHOBaH>e Ha H3paeJI o~ 1948, npeo~HHoT 3aKOH o~ 1949, OCHOBHHOT 3aKOH 3a KHeceToT o~ 1958, 3aKoHoT 3a npeTce~aTeJIOT Ha ~p)KaBaTa o~ 1958 H ~p.

19

3. Y CTaBHHOT pa3BHTOK Ha Peny6JIHKa MaKe~oHHja (1946-1991)

)' CTaBHHOT pa3BHTOK Ha MaKeAoHCKaTa AP)KaBa OA 1946 AO 1991 rOAHHa MO)Ke Aa ce nOAeJIH Ha TPH nepHoAH. . llpBHOT ycTaBeH nepHoA 3anollHYBa co )' CTaBOT OA 1946 H Tpae AO AoHec~aIbeTo Ha )' CTaBOT OA 1963 rOAHHa. OBOj nepHOA ce OABHBa BO ARe clJa3H: AO AOHeCYBaIbeTO Ha )' CTaBHHOT 3aKOH 3a onIIITeCTBeHOTO H nOJIHTHlIKOTO YCTpojCTBO H 3a opraHHTe Ha BJIaCTa (BO 1953) H no Hero. Bo nOJIHTH~KaTa H BO npaBHaTa HaYKa clJa3aTa OA 1946 AO 1953 rOAHHa ce onpeAeJIYBa KaKO AP)KaBeH coQHjaJIH3aM, HapoAHa AeMoKpaTHja, peBOJIYQHoHepeH eTaTH3aM HJIH AP)KaBa Ha aBaHrapAaTa H ce KapaKTepH3Hpa co OAJIYlIYBallKO BJIHjaHHe Ha KOMYHHcTHlIKaTa napTHja H Ha Hej3HHoTo paKOBOACTBO,nJIaHCKa H AHpHrHpaHa eKoHoMHja H CHJIHaAP)KaBa. .BTOpHOT YCTaBeH nepHoA no~HYBa co AoHecYBaIbeTo Ha )' CTaBOT Ha CoQHjaJIHCTH~Ka Peny6JIHKa MaKeAoHHja BO 1963 H Tpae AO 1974 roAHHa. Bo OBOj nepHoA 6ea H3BpIIIeHH HeKOJIKY YCTaBHHnpOMeHH. OCHOBeH 6eJIer Ha OBa BpeMe e CYAHPOT Mety eTaTH3MOT H caMoynpaBYBa-

IbeTO.
TpeTHOT YCTaBeH lIepHO~ IIOQHYBa co ~OHeCYBaaeTO Ha YCTaBOT o~ 1974 H Tpae ~o ~oHecYBaaeTo Ha Y CTaBOTHa Pelly6JIHKa MaKe~oHHja o~ 17 .11.1991 rO~HHa. Bo OBOj lIepHO~ 6ea H3BpIlIeHH lIoBeKeKpaTHH aMaH~MaHCKH H3MeHH (1981, 1989 ro~HHa) H co HHB ce CO3~a~oa YCTaBHOIIpaBHH IIpeTllocTaBKH 3a lIoBeKellapTHcKa lIapJIaMeHTapHa ~eMoKpaTHja H lIa3apHa eKoHoMHja. llapTHcKHOT MOHH3aM, OTCYCTBOTO Ha ~eMoKpaTcKH, IIOJIHTHQKH H IIpaBHH MexaHH3MH H Ha lIa3apeH HaTllpeBap, OIlIlITeCTBeHaTa COIlCTBeHOCT, KOJIeKTHBHCTHQKHOT ~yx H aBTopHTapHaTa IIOJIHTHQKa KYJITypa ~OBe~oa ~o epo3Hja H ~o pacllataae Ha CHCTeMOT. BpaKaaeTo KOH ~eMoKpaTcKHTe JIH6epaJIHH Tpa~HQHH H cTaH~ap~H CTaHa HacYIIIHa YCTaBHa lIoTpe6a.

4. Y CTaBOT Ha PenYOJIHKaMaKe~oHHja o~ 1991

Ha Y CTaBOT OA 1991 rOAHHa MY npeTXOAea AeKJIapa~HjaTa 3a CYBepeHOCT Ha Peny6JIHKa MaKeAoHHja H Pe<fJepeHAYMOT3a CaMocTojHa H CYBepeHa Peny6JIHKa MaKeAoHHja. AeKJIapa~HjaTa e AOHeCeHa Ha 25.01.1991 rOAHHa, eAHOrJIaCHO OA CHTe npaTeHH~H Ha Co6paHHeTo Ha Peny6JIHKa MaKeKoHHja, BP3 OCHOBaHa qJIeH 318 OA Y CTaBOTHa CPM OA 1974 rOAHHa H MetyHapoAHHoT naKT 3a rparaHcKH H 3a nOJIHTHqKH npaBa Ha OOH OA 1996 rOAHHa, co KOj ce rapaHTHpa npaBoTo Ha ceKoj HapoA CJIo60AHO Aa ro OnpeAeJIYBa CBOjOTnOJIHTHqKH CTaTYC H onlliTeCTBeHHOT, KYJITypHHOT H CTonaHCKHOT pa3BOj.

20

PeclJepeHTJ,yMOT ce CnpOBe~eHa 08.09.1991 rO~HHa, BP3 OCHOBa Ha O~JIYKaTa 3a pacnHIIIYBalbe peclJepeH~YM~OHeceHao~ CoopaHHeTo Ha PenYOJIHKa MaKe~oHHja.4 Ha Pe~epeH~YMoT H3JIerOa 75,74% o~ H3OHpaqHTe,a 95,26% rJIacaa ,,3A ". EpojKHTe rOBopaT 3a nJIeOHcqHTapHo H3pa3eHaTaBOJIja3a caMocTojHa H cYBepeHaPenYOJIHKa MaKe~oHHja. no jaBHaTa pacnpaBa 3a HaqpT-YcTaBoT o~ 1991 rO~HHa, Ha 17.11.1991 rO~HHa -co 92 rJIaca ,,3A" o~ BKynHo 120 npaTeHHqH -CoopaHHeTo ro ~OHece npBHoT Y CTaB Ha caMocTojHa H cYBepeHaPenYOJIHKa MaKe~oHHja.5 Y CTaBOT o~ 1991 rO~HHa e JIHOepaJIHO-~eMoKpaTcKH no CBOjOT KapaKTep. Bo ~YXOTHa KJIaCHQHHOT JIHOepaJIH3aM o~ 19 BeK, HerOBOTO qeHTpaJIHO MeCTOro 3a3eMaaT CJIOOO~HTe H npaBaTa Ha QOBeKOT H Ha rpataHHHoT. Toj rapaHTHpa e~HaKBOCT Ha rpataHHTe, He3aBHCHO o~ nOJIOT, pacaTa, oojaTa Ha KO)KaTa, HaqHoHaJIHOTO H coqHjaJIHOTOnoTeKJIO, nOJIHTHQKOTO H BepCKOTO YBepYBalbe, HMOTHaTaH onllITeCTBeHaTa nOJIO)Koa. Bo QJIeH 8 CTaB 1 o~ YcTaBoT ce YTBp~eHH CJIe~HHBe TeMeJIHH Bpe~HocTHHa ycTaBHHoTnope~oK Ha PenyOJIHKaMaKe~oHHja: .OCHOBHHTe CJIOOO~H H npaBa Ha QOBeKOTH Ha rpataHHHoT, npH3HaTH BOMetYHapo~HoTOnpaBo H YTBp~eHH co Y CTaBOT; .CJIOOO~HOTOH3pa3YBalbeHa HaqHoHaJIHaTa npHna~HocT; .BJIa~eelbeTO Ha npaBoTo; .nO~eJIOaTa Ha BJIaCTa Ha 3aKOHo~aBHa, H3BpllIHa H Ha cy~cKa; .nOJIHTHQKHOT nJIypaJIH3aMH CJIOOO~HHTe, Henocpe~HH H ~eMOKpaTCKHH300pH; .npaBHaTa 3allITHTa Ha conCTBeHOCTa; .cJIOOO~aTa Ha na3apOT H Ha npeTnpHeMallITBoTo; .XYMaHH3MOT, coqHjaJIHaTanpaB~a H COJIH~apHOCTa; .JIOKaJIHaTacaMoynpaBa; .ype~albeTo H xYMaHH3aqHjaTaHa npocTopOT H 3allITHTaTa H YHanpeTJ,yBalbeTo Ha )KHBOTHaTa cpe~HHa H Ha npHpo~aTa, H .nOQHTYBalbeTo Ha onllITonpHclJaTeHHTe HOpMHHa MetYHapO~HOTO npaBo. O~pe~oaTa o~ BTOpHOT CTaB Ha QJIeH 8 npoMoBHpa JIHOepaJIeH CTaB H npHcTan, npOKJIaMHpajKH ~eKa "BO PenYOJIHKa MaKe~oHHja e CJIOOO~HO ce ORa IlITO He e 3aopaHeTOco Y CTaBOT H co 3aKOHOT". E~Ha O~ TeMeJIHHTeBpe~HOCTH Ha YCTaBHHOT nope~OK Ha PenyoJIHKaMaKe~oHHja e BAageefbeato Ita apaBoato (rule oflaw). HerOBaTa peaJIH3aqHja e MO)KHaBO YCJIOBH Ha rapaHTHpaHH H npaBHO 3allITHTeHH npaBa H CJIOOO~H; cynpeMaTHja Ha YCTaBOT BOnpaBHHOT nope~OK, KaKOH
4 IIpoTHB OnJIYKaTa 3a pacnHIIIYBalbe pe<l>epeHnYM rJIacaa npaTeHH~HTe on nOJIHTH'lKHTe napTHH Ha AJI6a~HTe. 5IIpaTeHH~HTe on nOJIHTH'lKHTenapTHH Ha AJI6aH~HTe ce BO3np)Kaaon rJIacalbe.

21

KoHTpona Ha YCTaBHOCTa Ha 3aKOHHTeH YCTaBHOCTa H 3aKOHHTOCTa Ha ~PyrHTe npOnHCH H OnIllTH aKTHO~ CTpaHaHa Y CTaBHHOT CY~Ha Peny6nHKa MaKe~oHHja. Ha~enoTo Ha Bna~eelf>e Ha npaBOTOBO~HKOHOrpaHH~eHa BnaCT, KOHOCTBapYBalf>e Ha ~eMOKpaTCKHOT CTpeMe)K (H~ean) rpataHHTe ~a HM ce nOKOpYBaaT Ha 3aKOHHTe, a He Ha ~pyrH nyte (non sub homine sed sub lege), KaKO H KOH nOCTaBYBalf>eTO H OCBapYBalf>eTO Ha nonHTHKaTa BO rpaHH~HTe Ha npaBOTO. Cnope~ Y CTaBOT Ha Peny6nHKa MaKe~oHHja, UOJlUillUl{KUoill UJlYpaJlUaaMU CJlo609HUille,Heuocpe9HUU geMOKpaillcKU ua6opu ce TeMenHH Bpe~HOCTH Ha YCTaBHHOT nope~OK. Ha TOj Ha~HH,nerHTHMHTeTOT Ha HajBHcoKHTe opraHH Ha BnaCTace Bp3YBa3a rpataHHTe, KOHOTKaKO Ke HanonHaT 18 rO~HHHce cTeKHYBaaT co onIllTO, Henocpe~Ho, e~HaKBOH TajHOnpaBo Ha rnac. IIonHTH~KHoT nnypanH3aM e npHpo~Ha nocne~H~a Ha ycTaBHo 3arapaHTHpaHHTe nonHTH~KH cno6o~H Ha rpataHHTe, Mety KOH H cno6o~aTa Ha nonHTH~KOTO 3~p~YBalf>e BO napTHH H ~pyrH c}JOpMH Ha nonHTH~KO opraHH3Hpalf>e, KaKO He3aMeHnHB eneMeHT Ha nonHTH~KHOT )KHBOT H HHcTpYMeHT Ha nonHTH~KOTO npeTcTaBHHIllTBO. IIonHTH~KHTe napTHH ce ycnoB 6e3 Koj HeMa napnaMeHTapHa ~eMoKpaTHja. THe rH apTHKynHpaaT H rH npe3eHTHpaaTnonHTH~KHTe HHTepeCH H CTaBOBH Ha rpataHHTe, co IllTO CTaHYBaaT Ba)KeH c}JaKTOp Ha nonHTH~KaTa KynTypa, y~eCTBYBaaTHa H36opHTe co CBOHKaH~H~aTH, nocpe~YBaaT Mety H36paHHTenpeTCTaBHH~H 'H rpataHHTe-H36Hpa~H H ja KOHTponHpaaT nonHTH~KaTa BnaCT (~HpeKTHOHnH npeKY jaBHoTo MHCnelf>e).
Y CTaBOT Ha Peny6JIHKa MaKe~oHHja KaKO TeMeJIHa Bpe~HOCT ro

YTBp~YBa CJlo609HOillO u3pa3yeafbe Ha Hal{UOHaJlHailla upuua9Hocill,

3apa~H aKQeHTHpaffie Ha HaQHOHaJIHaTa paMHOnpaBHOCT HaCnpOTH HaQHOHaJIHaTa nO~pe~eHOCT.6 IIpaeHailla 3awilluilla Ha cOUCilleeHOcilla, KaKO TeMeJIHa Bpe~HOCT, 3HaqH rapaHTHpaffie Ha OBaa OCHOBHaeKOHOMCKa H npaBHa YCTaHOBa H TpeTHpaffie Ha pa3JIHQHHTe 06JIHQH Ha COnCTBeHOCT KaKO paMHOnpaBHH H nO~e~HaKBO Ba)KHH 3a onmTeCBeHHOT pa3Boj Ha Peny6JIHKa MaKe~oHHja. CJlo6o9ailla Ha ua3apolU U Ha upeillupueMaWlUeolUO e HOB a KaTeropHja BO MaKe~OHCKHOTYCTaBeH nope~OK. Taa 3HaQH YCTaBHa aclJHPMa-

QHja Ha na3apHaTa eKoHoMHja H 3amTHTa Ha na3apOT npeKY orpaHHQYBaffie Ha ~p)KaBHaTa HHTepBeHQHja BO HerO. XYMaHU3MOlU, cOl{ujaJlHailla upae9a U cOJlU9apHOcilla, KaKO TeMeJIHH Bpe~HOCTH, ce clJHJIO30c}JCKO-MOpaJIHa OCHOBaHa CJIO60~HOTO,OT6 OBaa TeMeJIHa Bpe~HOCTe ~OIIOJIHeTa CO <l>opMYJIa~HjaTa"COO~BeTHaH IIpaBH'lHa 3aCTaIIeHOCT Ha rparaHHTe KOHIIpHIIataaT Ha CUTe3ae~HH~HBOopraHHTe Ha ~p)KaBHaTa BJIaCTH BO ~PyrHTe jaBHH HHCTHTY~HH Ha CUTeHHBoa" (AMaH~MaH VI- IIpOH3JIe3eHo~ PaMKoBHHOT~oroBop o~ 13.08.2001 ro~HHa).

22

BopeHO, ~eMOKpaTCKO OnIIITeCTBO Ha paMHOnpaBHH rpataHH, co 3arapaHTHpaH HHTerpHTeT H ~HrHHTeT. HOKa.flHaZUa caMoyapaBa e npOTHBTe)Ka Ha ~eHTpaJIHaTa BJIaCT H HHCTHTyI(Hja Haj6JIHCKa ~O rpataHHTe, na 3aTOa e TeMeJIHa Bpe~HOCT Ha YCTaBHHOTnOpe~OK. Ype9YBafbeZUO U XYMaHU3al{ujazua Ha apOCZUOpOZU U 3aUlZUUZUaZUa U YHaape9YBafbeZUO Ha .JfCUBOZUHaZUa cpe9uHa U Ha apupo9azua ce JIOrHQeH YCTaBeH O~rOBOp Ha COBpeMeHaTa KpH3a Ha )KHBOTHaTa Cpe~HHa, KaKO nOCJIe~H~a Ha HeKOHTpOJIHpaHaTa HHlJ.YCTpHjaJIH3a~Hja, eKOHOMCKHOT paCT, ~eMOKpaTCKHOT 6YM H naynepH3a~HjaTa, KOH ~OBe~oa ~O HapylIIYBafbe Ha paMHOTe)KaTa Mety QOBeKOT H npHpo~aTa H ~O ~erpa~Hpafbe Ha )KHBOTHHOTnpOCTOp. llO'-tUZUYBaHJeZUO Ha oaUlzuoapucpazueHuzue HOpMU U czuaH9ap9u Ha

MeiYHapo9HOZUOapaBO e npe~YCJIOB3a HHTerpHpafbe Ha Peny6JIHKa

MaKe~oHHja BO MetYHapO~HaTa 3ae~HH~a.

5. H3MeHHTe Ha Y CTaBOT O~1991 rO~HHa

;YCTaBOT o~ 1991 ro~HHa He npaBH pa3nHKa Mefy YCTaBOTBopHa H 3aKOHo~aBHa BnaCT. HCTHOT opraH -Co6paHHeTO Ha PM e Ha~ne)KeH 3a ~oHecYBaH>e H npoMeHa Ha ;YCTaBOT H Ha 3aKoHHTe! H3MeJHaTa Ha ;YcTaBOT ce BPIIIH BO npo~e~ypa YTBp~eHa co caMHOT ;YCTaB (qneH 129-131). Cnope~ qneH 129, ;YCTaBOTHa PM ce MeHYBa H ce ~ononHYBa co ycTaBHH aMaH~MaHH. npO~el1YpaTa 3a H3MeHa Ha ;Y CTaBOTce O~BHBa BO cne~HHBe clJa3H: npBo, no~HecYBaH>e npe~nor 3a npHcTanYBaH>e KOH H3MeHa; BTOpO, ~oHecYBaH>e o~nYKa 3a npHcTanYBaH>e KOH H3MeHa; TpeTo, YTBp~YBaH>e Ha Ha~pT-aKT H H3HecYBaH>e Ha HCTHOTHa jaBHa pacnpaBa; qeTBpTO, ~o-' HecYBaH>e o~nYKa 3a H3MeHa Ha ;Y CTaBOTH Hej3HHo npornacYBaH>e. IIpe9Aol 3a npHcTanYBaH>e KOH H3MeHa Ha YcTaBoT MO)Ke ~a no~HecaT: npeTce~aTenoT Ha Peny6nHKa MaKe~oHHja, Bna~aTa Ha PM, HajManKY 30 npaTeHH~H HnH 150.000 rpafaHH. 09AYKa 3a npHcTanYBaH>e KOH H3MeHa Ha ;Y CTaBOT ~oHecYBa Co6paHHeTo Ha Peny6nHKa MaKe~oHHja, co ~BoTpeTHHcKo MHO3HHCTBO rnaCOBH o~ BKynHHOT 6poj npaTeHH~M (KBanHnclJHKYBaHo MHO3HHCTBO).HaZ{pLUoLU 3a H3MeHa Ha YcTaBoT ce YTBp~YBa co MHO3HHCTBO rnaCOBH o~ BKynHHoT 6poj npaTeHH~H (anconYTHO MHO3HHCTBO). 09AYKaLUa 3a U3.MeHa Ha YcLUaBoLU ce ~oHecYBa co ~BoTpeTHHcKo MHO3HHCTBOrnaCOBH o~ BKynHHoT 6poj npaTeHH~H (KBanHclJHKYBaHO MHO3HHCTBO).no YCBojYBaH>eTOHa YCTaBHHTe H3MeHH, Co6paHHeTO ~OHeCYBa 09AYKa 3a ilpOlAaCYBafbe Ha YCLUaBHULUe U3.MeHU. H3MeHHTe BneryBaaT BO CHna Be~HaIllno npornaCYBaH>eTO.
7HCTOTOe KapaKTepHCTH'lHOH 3a YCTaBOTHa EeJIrnja o~ 1831, YCTaBoT Ha <l>paH~Hja o~ 1958 H 3a YcTaBoT Ha XpBaTcKa o~ 1990 rO~HHa.

23

YcTaBoT OA 1991 e MeHYBaH noBeKenaTH: BO 1992 rOAHHa, co AMaHAMaHHTe I H II; BO 1998 rOAHHa, co AMaHAMaHoT III; BO2001 rOAHHa, co AMaHAMaHHTe IV AO XVIII, H BO 2003 rOAHHa, co AMaHAMaHoT XIX. AMaHAMaHHTe I H II AeKJIapHpaaT AeKa Peny6JIHKa MaKeAoHHja HeMa TepHTopHjaJIHH npeTeH3HH KOH coceAHHTe AP)KaBH H AeKa HeMa Aa ce MeIUa BO cYBepeHHTe npaBa H BO BHaTpeIUHHTe pa60TH Ha APyrH AP)KaBH. Co AMaH):(MaHoT III, BpeMeTpaelbeTo Ha npHTBopOT AO nOAHralbe 06BHHeHHe ce npOAOJI)KH OA 90 Ha 180 AeHa. Co AMaHAMaHHTe IV AO XVIII ce HanpaBHja CYIUTHHCKHH3MeHH Ha Y CTaBOT Ha Peny6JIHKa MaKeAoHHja, BP3 OCHOBa Ha OXPHACKHOT paMKOBeH AoroBop. 'Co OBHe aMaHAMaHH ce BoBeAYBa MOAeJIOT Ha KOHceH3yaJIHa (KOHco~HjaTHBHa) AeMoKpaTHja, IUTO ce H3pa3YBa npeKY COOABeTHaTa H npaBHqHa 3aCTaneHOCT Ha rparaHHTe KOH npHnaraaT Ha CHTe 3aeAHH~H BO opraHHTe Ha AP)KaBHaTa BJIaCT H BO APyrHTe jaBHH HHCTHTY~HH Ha CHTe HHBoa; KOH~enTOT Ha 3aeAHH~H; cne~HjaJIHOTO (eTHH~H3HpaHo) MH03HHCTBOnoTpe6Ho 3a AoHecYBalbe Ha 3aKOHHTe IUTO rH 3aceraaT KYJITypaTa, ynoTpe6aTa Ha ja3H~HTe, 06pa30BaHHeTo, JIHqHHTe AOKYMeHTH H CHM60JIHTe Ha 3aeAHH~HTe, UO H 3aKoHoT 3a JIOKaJIHaTa caMoynpaBa, 3aKoHoT 3a TepHTopHjaJIHaTa opraHH3a~Hja, 3aKoHoT 3a JIOKaJIHOTO cpHHaHcHpalbe, 3aKoHoT 3a rpaA CKonje H 3aKoHoT 3a JIOKaJIHHTe H360pH. MCTO TaKa, cnopeA OBHe aMaHAMaHH, 3a H360pOT Ha HapOAHHOT npaB06paHHTeJI, Tpoj~a qJIeHOBH Ha Y CTaBHHOT CYA H Ha Tpoj~a QJIeHOBH Ha Peny6JIHQKHOT CYACKHCOBeT, e noTpe6HO BO nponHIUaHOTO MH03HHCTBO npaTeHH~H Aa e COAP)KaHO H MH03HHCTBO OA npaTeHH~HTe KOH HM npHnaraaT Ha 3aeAHH~HTe IUTO He ce MH03HHCTBO BO PM, a npH HMeHYBalbeTO Ha Tpoj~a QJIeHOBHHa COBeTOT 3a 6e36eAHOCT, rIpeTceAaTeJIOT Tpe6a Aa 06e36eAH AeKa HerOBHOT COCTaB COOABeTHO Ke ro OApa3YBa COCTaBOTHa HaceJIeHHeTO BO Peny6JIHKa MaKeAoHHja. Co AMHAMaHOT XVII ce npOIUHpYBa YCTaBHaTa HaAJIe)KHOCTHa eAHHH~HTe Ha JIOKaJIHaTa caMoynpaBa, a co AMaHAMaHOT XVIII ce nponHIUYBa AeKa OApeA6HTe IUTO npOH3JIerOa A aMaHAMaHHTe OA IV-XVIII MO)Ke Aa ce H3MeHaT caMO AOKOJIKYBO noTpe6HOTO ABOTpeTHHCKOMH03HHCTBOe BKJIYQeHO H MH03HHCTBOOA npaTeHH~HTe KOH HM npHnaraaT Ha 3aeAHH~HTe KOH He ce MH03HHCTBOBO PM. Bo 2003 rOAHHa co AMaHAMaHoT XIX ce OTBOpH MO)KHOCTaco OAJIYKa Ha CYAOTAa MO)Ke Aa ce OTCTanH OA 3arapaHTHpaHaTa TajHocT Ha 06JIH~HTe Ha onIUTelbe.

24

6. CTPYKTypa Ha Y CTaBOT Ha Peny6J1HKaMaKe~oHHja

Y CTaBOT Ha Peny6JIlfKa MaKe~oHlfja ro COqlfHYBaaT: npeaM6YJIa8 If HOpMaTlfBeH TeKCT. npeaM6YJIaTa Ha YCTaBOT Ha Peny6JIlfKa MaKe~oHlfja o~ 1991 ro~lfHa co~p)KeIlle ~Ba BIf~a o~pe~61f: o~ IfCTOplfcKo-clJaKTorpaclJcKIf KapaKTep If o~ nOJIlfTlfqKO-npOrpaMcKIf KapaKTep (~eJIlfTe If Bpe~HocTlfTe Ha nOJIlfTlfQKaTa 3ae~HIf~a) -KOHCTlfTYlfpaH.eTO Ha Peny6JIlfKa MaKe~oHlfja KaKO cYBepeHa If caMocTojHa If KaKO rparaHcKa If ~eMoKpaTcKa ~p)KaBa; BocnocTaBynaH.eTO If 1f3rpaJJ.yBaH.eTOHa BJIa~eeH.eTO Ha npaBoTo, KaKO TeMeJIeH ClfCTeM Ha BJIaCTa; rapaHTlfpaH.eTO Ha QOBeKOBlfTe npaBa, rparaHCKlfTe CJIo6o~1f If Ha~lfOHaJIHaTa paMHonpaBHocT, o6e36e~aH.eTO
Mlfp If CO)KlfTeJICTBO Ha MaKe~OHCKlfOT Hapo~ If Ha~lfOHaJIHOCTlfTe KOIf

)Kif BeaT BO Peny6JIlfKa MaKe~oHlfja If 06e36e~YBaH.eTO co~lfjaJIHa npaB~a, eKOHOMCKa 6JIarOCocToj6a If Hanpe~OK BO JIlfQHlfOT If BO 3ae~HlfQKlfOT
)Kif BOT.

Co AMa~MaHOT IV o~ 2001 rO~lfHa 6eIlle 1f3MeHeTa npeaM6YJIaTa Ha Y CTaBOT Ha Peny6JIlfKa MaKe~oHlfja o~ 1991 ro~lfHa.9 HoBaTa npeaM6YJIa e HOMOTeXHlfQKIf 1f3pa3eHa BO e~eH CTaB. Bo Hea ce IfcTaKHYBa ~eKa rparaHlfTe Ha Peny6JIlfKa MaKe~oHlfja, MaKe~OHCKlfOT Hapo~, KaKO If rparaHlfTe KOIf )Kif BeaT BO Hej3lfHlfTe rpaHIf~If, a ce ~eJI O~ aJI6aHCKlfOT Hapo~, TypCKlfOT Hapo~, BJIaIIIKIfOT Hapo~, cpnCKlfOT Hapo~, pOMCKlfOT Hapo~, 60IIIH.aQKIfOT Hapo~ If ~pyrlfTe, O~JIYQlfJIe ~a ja KOHCTlfTYlfpaaT Peny6JIlfKa MaKe~oHlfja KaKO caMocTojHa If cynepeHa ~p)KaBa. npe3eMajKIf ja o~rOBopHOCTa 3a ceraIIIHOCTa If 3a If~HlfHaTa Ha MaKe~oHlfja, ~OHeCYBaQlfTe Ha Y CTaBOT IfM 1f3pa3ynaaT 6JIarO~apHOCT Ha ClfTe npeTXO~HH reHepa~1f1f 3a CO3~aBaH.eTO Ha caMocTojHa If CYBepeHa ~p)KaBa MaKe~oHlfja, nOTeH~lfpajKIf rlf Haj3HaQajHlfTe IfCTOplfCKIf HacTaHlf, KaKO KpYIlleBCKaTa Peny6JIlfKa, O~JIYKlfTe Ha ACHOM If PeclJepeH~YMOT o~ 1991 rO~lfHa. AoHecYBaQlfTe Ha Y CTaBOT BO npeaM6YJIaTa ja 1f3pa3YBaaT If HaMepaTa ~a ce BocnOCTaBIf If ~a ce 3a~BpcTIf BJIa~eeH.eTO Ha npaBoTo, ~a ce rapaHTlfpaaT QOBeKOBlfTe npaBa If rparaHcKlfTe CJIO60~If, ~a ce o6e36e~1f MHp If CO)KlfBOT, co~lfjaJIHa npaB~a, eKOHOMCKa 6JIarOCocToj6a If Hanpe~OK Ha JIlfQHlfOT If Ha 3ae~HlfQKlfOT )Kif BOT.

8 Bo npaBHO-nOnHTH'IKHOT

BoKa6ynap

noA npeaM6yna

(OA naTHHCKHOT 36op preambulum

npeArOBOp, BOBeA, npeAHrpa) ce nOApa36Hpa Aen OA npaBHHOT aKT IllTO MY npeTXOAH Ha HOpMaTHBHHOT TeKCT H e BHAnHBO OABOeH OA HerO, a BO KOj ce H3pa3eHH OCHOBHHTe MOTHBH H ~enH Ha aKTOT. CTHnOT Ha H3pa3YBaIbe BO npeaM6ynHTe e CBe'leH, a nOHeKoralll H naTeTH'IeH. llpeaM6ynHTe nH'IaT Ha nOnHTH'IKH npornaCH, HeMaaT 'IneHOBH H ce AeKnapaTHBHH, T.e. HeMaaT HopMaTHBeH KapaKTep. 9 Bo HCTopHjaTa Ha KOMnapaTHBHOTO YCTaBHO npaBO, OBa e npB cnY'laj Ha MeHYBaIbe Ha npeaM6ynaTa 6e3 AOHeCYBaIbe Ha HOB YCTaB.

25

llpeaM6YJIaTa Ha Y CTaBOT Ha Peny6JIHKa MaKe~oHHja e OCHOBa H

paMKa 3a TOJIKYBaH>eHa HOpMaTHBHHOTTeKCT Ha Y CTaBOT. HOpMaTHBHHOT TeKCT Ha Y CTaBOTHMa ~eBeT O~~eJIH H 134 qJIeHa: I.

OCHOBHH o~pe~6H (qJIeH 1-8); II. OCHOBHH CJIO60~H H npaBa Ha qOBeKOT H Ha rparaHHHoT (qJIeH 9-60); III. OpraHH3a~Hja Ha ~p)KaBHaTaBJIaCT (qJIeH 61-107); IV. YCTaBeH cy~ Ha Peny6JIHKa MaKe~oHHja (qJIeH 108-113); V. JIoKaJIHa caMoynpaBa (qJIeH 114-117); VI. MerYHapo~HH O~HOCH (qJIeH 118-121); VII. O~6paHa Ha Peny6JIHKa MaKe~oHHja, BoeHa H BoHpe~Ha cocToj6a (qJIeH 122-128); VIII. M3MeHa Ha YcTaBoT (qJIeH 129-131), H IX. llpeo~HH H 3aBpIIIHH o~pe~6H (qJIeH 132-134).

nPAllIAThA
1. 2. 3. 4. 5. 6. 7. 8. 9. 10. 11. 12. 13. IlITo no~pa36HpaTe no~ npaBHa HopMa? IlITo e Toa npaBeH nope~oK? IlITo e npaBeH cHcTeM? IlITo ce no~pa36Hpa no~ npaBeH HHCTHTYT? ;r:(ecpHHHpajTe ro nOHMOT npaBHa rpaHKa! IlITo e Toa npaBHa 06JIacT? Ha6pojTe HeKOJIKY npaBHHrpaHKH! HaBe~eTe HeKOHnpHMepH 3a npaBHa 06JIaCT! IlITo no~pa36HpaMe no~ ycTaB? 06jacHeTe ja nOJIHTHQKaTa npHpo~a Ha ycTaBoT! 30IlITO e ycTaBoT HajBHcoK npaBeH aKT? KaKBH BH~OBH ycTaBH nocTojaT? Bo KOJIKY cpa3HMO)Ke ~a ce nO~eJIHycTaBHHoT pa3BHToKHa

Peny6JIHKa MaKe~oHHja? 14. 06jacHeTe ro HaQeJIOTO Ha BJIa~eelf>e Ha npaBoTo KaKO TeMeJIHaBpe~HocTHa ycTaBHHoTnope~oK Ha PM! 15. IlITo e cYIlITHHaTaHa nOJIHTHQKHOT nJIypaJIH3aM, KaKO TeMeJIHaBpe~HocT HaycTaBHHoTnope~oK? 16. IlITo e Toa BJIa~eelf>e Ha npaBoTo? 17.O~ IIITO ce COCTOH cTpYKrypaTa Ha Y CTaBOT Ha PM? 18. Ha6pojTe HeKOJIKY O~~eJIH o~ HopMaTHBHHoT TeKCT Ha YcTaBoT Ha PM!

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