TEMSInvestigationforGSM INDEX 1) UnderstandingSignallingChannelCoding a) ChannelCodingofSpeechSignal b) Interleaving c) SilenceDescriptor(SIDFrame) d) FullandSubValues(RxQual,BER,FERDTXDownlinkRate) 2) StartingTEMSInvestigationGSM a) UserInterface b) ConnectingExternalEquipments c) RecordingFunctions d) LoadingMaps e) PresentationWindows i. RadioParameters ii.

ii. CurrentChannel f) SignallingWindow g) SystemInformation(Type1Type8) h) CallAssignment MobileOriginatingCall/MobileTerminatingCall LocationUpdate Disconnect Handovers 3) AnalysisofDriveTestdata a) ExportLogfile b) SetupSettings c) MapInfoConversion d) CreateThematicMap Additional Signaling a) SignalingLayer3 1) ConnectionManagementsublayer i. CallControl ii. ShortMessageServiceSupport iii. SupplementaryServicesSupport 2) MobilityManagementsublayer i. Registrationmessages ii. Securitymessages iii. ConnectionManagementmessages 3) RadioResourceManagement b) SignalingLayer2 c) SignalingLayer1

SignalingChannelCoding ChannelcodingofSpeechsignal 1) Firstspeechissampledandsegmentedintoblocksof20ms 2) Thenitiscompressedinspeechcodertoconsist260bits. 3) 260bitsdividedintothreedifferentclasses a) VeryImportantbits(50bits) b) Importantbits(132bits) c) Notsoimportantbits(78bits) Channelcoding(FullRateTrafficSpeechSignal) AfterChannelcoder,456OutputbitsareInterleavedandsegmentedintoBursts,thesearesend overairInterface. AtreceiverendChanneldecoderwilltransform456bitsto260bits,thesewillpassthrough speechdecoderandoutputof20msspeechsignalwillberetrieved ChannelCoder456Outputbits(InterleavedandsegmentedintoBursts) AirInterface(456Bits) 20msSpeechSpeechDecoder260BitsChannelDecoder

ChannelCoding(Signalling):AllInformationbitsareprotectedbyFIREcode forerrordetectionandallinformationbitsareconvolutioncoded.

ChannelcodingofsignalingonControlchannels 1) Nowbothspeechandsignalingframesarein456bits/frame. 2) 456bitsaresplitinto8parts=57bitseach 456bits 57 57 57 57 57 57 57 57 Burst: DataStreamtransmittedinonetimeslot Anormalburstcancontain2Blocksof57bits TAIL(3) DATA(57) FACCH TSC(26) FACCH DATA(57) TAIL(3) GUARD FLAG(1) FLAG(1) (8.25) Interleaving Speechisinterleavedover8halfbursts;SACHCHisinterleavedover4wholebursts. E.g.atozisspeechframesandAisaSACCHblockasshowninthefigure HalfpartofaspeechframeistransmittedoverpreviousSACCHmultiframe zframewillbefinishedonnextSACCHframe.

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SPEECHFRAMEMappingonSACCH(4x26TCHmultiFrame)fig:(SF1) . FourSACCHtimeslot=SACCHBlock(containssysteminformationBSMS, measurementreportonUplinkchannel) IDLEtimeslotsusedforsearchingSCH(synchronizationchannel)burston NeighboringcellsholdingthetimingandBSICvalueofthecell Noweachburstlasts0.577ms(exactly15/26ms)andthuseightburstslast4.615ms 0.577ms4.615ms

1Timeslot 8timeSlotsfor8users 1SACCHperiod=4.615x104bursts (4X26=104BURSTS) =480ms SilenceDescriptor(SIDframe):asshowninthefigurenhalfburstsaresilence descriptorframe ItisusedwhenDTX(DiscontinuousTransmission)isactiveandit containsparametersrepresentingbackgroundnoiseonthemicrophone. VAD(voiceactivitydetector)continuouslymonitoreachspeechframe containing20msofspeech. IfVADfindsasilentframe,itanalyzesbackgroundnoiseinspeech frameandcreatesaSIDframewhichwillreplacetheoriginalsilent speechframe. AslongasVADdoesnotdetectanyspeech,oneSIDframeperSACCH multiframewillbesent. FULLandSUBvalues FULLvaluesarebasedonallframesonSACCHmultiframewhethertheyaretransmittedfrom BSornot IfDTXisusedonDLtheFULLvalueisinvalidinthatperiodandwillgivehighBER, becausetheyincludebiterrormeasurementsinthatperiodwherenothinghasbeensent. SUBvalueisbasedonmandatoryframes(alwaysmustbetransmitted)onSACCH multiframe.SACCHBlockAbursts,andSIDframenburstsasshowninfigSF1

RXQual: Value:0to7 Eachvaluecorrespondstoestimatednumberofbiterrorsinnumberofbursts.

RXQualBER(Biterrorrate) qua0 (BER<0.2%) qua1 (BER0.20.4%) qua2 (BER0.40.8%) qua3 (BER0.81.6%) qua4 (BER1.63.2%) qua5 (BER3.26.4%) qua6 (BER6.412.8%) qua7 (BER>12.8%0)
BERiscalculatedoverfour26Multiframes(1SACCHMultiframe),oneachTCHblock (8/2=4TCHbursts)andonSACCHblock(4SACCHbursts). ForeachTCHblock378class1bitsareused (50(MostImpbits)+3(CRC)+132Importantbits+4tailbits)x(coded@1/2) SACCHblock456bitsareused. IfTCHblockisreplacedbyFACCHmessage,insteadof378,456bitsareused NumberofTCHbits=(Noof26Multiframes)x(NoofTCHblocksper26Multiframes)x (NoofbitsperTCHblocks) =(4x6x378) i.e.(4x6x378)+456)=9528bitsoneachSACCHmultiframeifTCHchannel and3x456=1368bitsifSDCCHchannel BER(BitErrorRate):AfterChanneldecoderdecoded456bitblock,itiscodedagainand comparewith456bitsInputandthenumberofbitsthatdifferincomparingbothblocks resultsinBER. (BiterrorsareaccumulatedinBERsumforeachSACCHMultiframe;thisbiterrorSUMis dividedtotalnumberofbitsperSACCHMultiframeandclassified(07)). FER(FrameErasureRate){0to100%}: FERisbasedonnumberofblocksthathavebeendiscardedduetoerrorinCRC(Cyclic redundancycheck:(Protects50mostimportantbits)) FER(%)=(No.ofBlockswithincorrectCRC/TotalNoofBlocks)x100 FERFull TotalnumberofblocksonfullrateTCHchannel=24TCH+1SACCH=25Blocks FERFull(%)=(NoofblockswithincorrectCRC/25)x100

c A d d d d e e e e f f f f d A e e e e f f f f g g g g i A j j j j k k k k l L l l j A k k k k l l l l m m m m o A p p p p q q q q r R r r p A q q q q r r r r s s s s u A v v v v x x x x y y y y v A x x x x y y y y z z z z E.g.FER1 Asshowninfigf,i,kframeshaveincorrectCRC. FERFull(%)=(3/25)x100=12% a a a a b b b b c c c c A d d d d e e e e f f f f b b b b c c c c d d d d A e e e e f f f f g g g g g g g g h h h h i i i i A j j j j k k k k l L l l h h h h i i i i j j j j A k k k k l l l l m m m m m m m m n n n n o o o o A p p p p q q q q r R r r n n n n o o o o p p p p A q q q q r r r r s s s s s s s s t t t t u u u u A v v v v x x x x y y y y t t t t u u u u v v v v A x x x x y y y y z z z z E.g.FER2 Iff,i,kandAframeshaveincorrectCRC FERFull=(4/25)x100=16% FERSUB TotalnumberofmandatoryblocksonfullrateTCHChannel=1TCH+1SACCH=2 Blocks Ine.g.FER2.asshowninthefigureIff,i,kandAframeshaveincorrectCRC FERSUBonlycountsSACCH(A)andSID(n)frames.SothereisanerrorinAbut thereisnoerrorinn FERSUB=(1/2)x100=50% DTXDownlinkRate:ThisIndicatesthathowmanyTCHframeswerenotsenttoMSduring lastSACCHmultiframe,thisvaryfrom0to96% Canneverbe100%becauseframecontainingSIDinformationmustbesentforeachSACCH multiframe. DTXDLRate(%)=(Noofsilentblocks/totalNoofBlocks)x100 EachSACCHMultiframehas24TCHframes,sototalNoofblocks=24 ItisanIndicationwhetherDTXDLisusedinGSMNetworksasthereisnoparameterinGSMto tellmobileifDTXDLisusedornot IfDTXrateisveryhighforwholeperiodoftimeduringacalltherecouldbeasilentcall probleminthenetwork

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Anyproblemwithsilentcalllocatedbeforethevoiceactivitydetector(VAD)intheTranscoder unit(TRAU)inBasestationsubsystem(BSS)canbefoundusingDTXDLrateinformation element.

STARTINGTEMSINVESTIGATION TEMSInvestigationisanairinterfacetesttoolforrealtimediagnostics. YoucanmonitorvoicechannelsaswellasdatatransferoverGPRS,circuitswitched(CSD)or highspeedcircuitswitched(HSCSD)connections. StartingTEMSInvestigation ChooseStart>Programs>TEMSProducts>TEMSInvestigationGSM. UserInterface WorkspaceandWorksheets Thiswillstorewindowsettingsinyourworkingsession Toolbars ToaccessthecentralFunctions Navigator Toopenpresentationwindows,Thresholdvaluestherepresentationcolorscan bechangedfromhere Menu Status Thiswilldisplaysymbolsandshortmessageswhichindicatethecurrentstatus oftheapplication

ConnectingExternalEquipments SemiAutomaticEnabling:UsingtheIdentifyEquipmentFunction ConnecttheTEMSmobilestationtoaCOMport. IdentifyEquipment:applicationstartstoscantheselectedCOMportsfor externaldevices

ForTEMSmobiles,TEMSandDATAcablesaredetectedasseparateunits TheTEMScablewillbedesignatedbyMSnandtheDATAcablebyDCn, wherenisalwaysidenticalforthetwocablesconnectedtothesamemobile. ScannersarenamedMSnandGPSunitsPSn. Thedetecteddevicesareautomaticallyenabled,butnotconnected;thisstateis indicatedbyaredlightsymboltotheleftofeachdevice

ManualEnabling:AddingOneDeviceataTime Select Add Equipment

Select the correct COM port Select the type of external device R520m for the TEMS cable, and choose R520m Data Cable for the DATA cable. The two cables will be treated as different devices in TEMS Investigation.

Connecting External Equipment

Connect the Equipment Connect All the Connections

Disconnecting External Equipment

Disconnect Connection Disconnect all Connections RECORDING LOGFILES

Start recording Mention the path to store the recorded logfile.

Recording functions

Filemarksaretextstringswhichcanbeinsertedmanuallyinalogfiletomentionthespecial eventnoticedduringdriveTestandthatcanbeeasilyfindoutwhilereplayingtheLogFiles.

LOADINGMAPSINTEMS 1. OpentheMAPwindowandclickOPENMAP 2. SelecttheMapInfoFilefromtherespectivelocation. 3. SelectMapInfositeandcellfile 4. SelectlayercontrolformakingchangesinvisibilityoftheselectedMapInfofiles.

Presentation Window We can select many more windows like AMR parameter windows, MAP on GSM window according to our need and convenience.
Serving+Neighbors CurrentChannel LineChart RadioParameters

Serving+Neighbors: Shows BSIC, ARFCN and RxLev for the serving cell and its neighboring cells, with the serving cell at the top and the neighbors below it, sorted by signal strength in descending order. DEDICATED MODE

CellName :CellsiteDescribesincellfile. ARFCN:(Allocatedradiofrequencychannel) BSIC :BaseStationIdentificationcode. RxLev :ReceivingLevelindBm. C1&C2 :Cellpathlossparameterandcellreselectionparameter.(Inidlemode). C31&C32 :GPRSsignalstrengththresholdandGPRScellrankingcriterion.Valid inbothpacketidleandpacketdedicatedmode. IDLEMODE

C1:

PATHLOSSPARAMETER

RadioCriteriaC1=(AMax(B,0)) A B p1 p2 C2: C2=C1+cellReselectOffsettemporaryOffsetxH(penaltyTimeT)whenpenaltyTime640 Or C2=C1cellReselectOffsetwhenpenaltyTime=640 H(x) =1whenx>=0 H(x) =0whenx<0 CELLRESELECTIONPARAMETER =ReceivedLevelAveragep1 =p2MaximumRFPoweroftheMobileStation =rxLevelAccessMin =msTxPowerMaxCCH

RADIO PARAMETERS

Gives the status of the radio link (current BCCH, signal strength, FER(Frame Erasure Rate), BER (Bit Error Rate), SQI (speech quality Index), DTX (Discontinuous Transmission), TA (Timing Advance).

RXLEV RXQUAL FER

:ChannelRxLev(dBm) (120...10dBm) Measuredsignalstrengthlevelforcurrentchannel. :VoicequalitymeasuredonBER (0...7)

:FrameErasureRate (Percentageofframesbeingdroppedduetohighnumberofnon correctedbiterrorsintheframe). :(Numberofbiterrors/Numberofbitstransmitted)

BERActual SQI

:SpeechQualityIndex. SQIupdatedat0.5sintervals.ComputedonbasisofBERandFER.

MSPowerControlLevel: Powercontrol(0to8)dependinguponnetworkdesign. E.g.0meansnopowercontrol,1meanslevelthatisdefinedbyoperator viz.2dBm DTX :Discontinuoustransmission(DTX) Radiotransmitterswitchedoffduringspeechpauses.Itreducesthe powerconsumptionofthetransmitter&decreasesoverallinterference levelontheradiochannelsaffectingthecapacityofthenetwork.. :TimingAdvance. Basestationcalculatesfromaccessburstsandsendstothemobilestation (MS)enablingtheMStoadvancethetimingofitstransmissionstotheBS soastocompensateforpropagationdelay.

TA

CURRENTCHANNEL Time Cellname CGI :CellGlobalIdentity Uniqueforeverysectorofthesite. CGI=MCC+MNC+LAC+CI. MCC :MobileCountryCode0999(e.g.404India), MNC :MobileNetworkCode099(e.g.98) LAC :LocationAreaCode065535(e.g.5129) CI :CellIdentity065535(e.g.2723). :Displaysnameofservingsector(fromcellfilethatisloadedinTEMS). :Systemtimeofcomputer.

CellGPRSSupport:SectorGPRSenableornot.(Yes/No). Band BCCHARFCN :BroadCastChannelAllocatedRadioFrequencyChannel. TCHARFCN :TrafficChannel(Frequency). BSIC :(BaseStationIdentityCode) BSIC=NCC(NetworkColorCode07)+BCC(BaseStationColorCode07) Timeslot :CurrentTCH.(TimeslotnumberofTRX). :Freq.Bandmobileisoperatinge.g.GSM900/1800.

ChannelType :CurrentChannelofmobile E.g.BCCH/SDCCH/8+SACCH/C8orCBCH/TCH/F+FACCH/F+SACCH/F. ChannelMode:Modeofcoding(e.g.SpeechFullRateorHalfRate). SpeechCodec : FR HR EFR CipheringAlgorithm :CipheringalgorithmusedbythesystemSecurity E.g.CipherbyA5/2. SubChannelNumber :SDCCHofMSoutof8available.E.g.=2. HoppingChannel HoppingFrequencies :Displaysno.offrequenciesallottedforhoping,particularsector. MA(MobileAllocation)List. MobileAllocationIndexOffset(MAIO): NumberwhichtellsfromwhichfrequencyfromgivenMAlistofasector hoppingistobestarted. E.g.0Hopingwillstartfromfirstfrequency. HoppingSequenceNumber(HSN): HoppingSequenceoffrequencies(fromtheMAList).(063). 0 :CyclicHopping 163 :Randomhoppingsequences. :HoppingavailableornotonparticularSector.(YesorNo) =FullRate, =HalfRate& =EnhancedFullRate.

SIGNALLINGWINDOW InsignalingourmainconcernisofLayer3messages

SystemInformation InformationaboutthenetworkwhichMSneedtocommunicatewiththenetwork. SysteminformationmessagesarecontinuouslysentontheBCCHandSACCHbythe BTStoallidle(BCCH)andactive(SACCH)mobilesinacell. SystemInformation 1.Cellchanneldescription RACHcontrolparameters 2.Neighborcellsdescription NCCpermitted RACHcontrolparameters Abis.Neighborcellsdescription(extension) RACHcontrolparameters Ater.Additionalmultibandinformation Neighborcellsdescription(otherbands)

3.Locationareaidentification Cellidentity Controlchanneldescription Celloptions Cellselectionparameters RACHcontrolparameters SI3restoctets 4.Locationareaidentification Cellselectionparameters RACHcontrolparameters CBCHchanneldescription CBCHmobileallocation SI4restoctets 5.Neighborcellsdescription AbisNeighborcellsdescription(extension) AterAdditionalmultibandinformation Neighborcellsdescription(otherbands) 6.Locationareaidentification Cellidentity Celloptions NCCpermitted 7.SI7restoctets 8.SI8restoctets 9.Packetdatainformation 1) SystemInformationType1 InfrequencyhoppingMSneedstoknowwhichfrequencybandtouseandwhich frequencieswithinthebandtobeuseduringhopping.Thisinformationisprovidedinthecell channeldescriptioninformationelementsentinsysteminformationtype1. InformationabouthowtheMSshouldperformtoaccessthesystemisalsoprovided. GSM900:bitmap0formatisusedInformationelementisdividedintotwo parts: CellChannelDescription MSisinformedaboutfrequenciesthatareusedinthecell.

CANO:Cellallocationnumbershowswhichbandisused. CANO= 0;GM900 CANO= 1;EGSM CANO= 2;GSM1800. CAARFCN:Absoluteradiofrequencychannelnumberforall frequenciesusedinthecell. A124bitsbitmapisused.Abitsetto1indicatesthatthefrequencywith thatnumberisusedinthecell. GSM1800andGSM1900:Severaldifferentformatscanbeused,Information elementisdividedintotwoparts FORMATID:Indicatesformatoftheinformationelement. Secondpartoftheinformationelementrepresentsthefrequencies throughspecialencodingschemes RACHControlParameters 2) SystemInformationType2 ListofBCCHfrequenciesusedintheneighboringcells. TheMSneedsthisinformationbecauseitmustlistentothesysteminformationinthe neighboringcellsoccasionally. TheMSalsousesthislistoffrequencieswhenmeasuringthesignalstrengthof neighboringcells. TheMSisalsoinformedwhichPLMNNetworkColorCodes(NCC)itmaymonitor. NeighborCellsDescription:DenotefrequenciesoftheBCCHcarrierstobemonitored bytheMSsinthecell. 3) SystemInformationType3 TheMSmustknowthecurrentlocationareasidentitybecauseachangeinlocationareameans thattheMSmustupdatethenetwork. Inordertocalculateitspaginggroup,theMSneedsspecificparameterscontainedinthecontrol channeldescription.ThedescriptionalsoinformstheMSaboutperiodicregistrationandit informsMSifitshouldinformthesystemwhenitisabouttoentertheidlemode. WhentheMSisinidlemode,itdecidesbyitselfwhichcellstocampon. InformationneededbytheMSforcellselectionandreselectionisalsobroadcastinsystem informationtype3.

4) SystemInformationType4 (CellbroadcastFunction:AllowsbroadcastingshortmessagestoallMSsinoneormorecells). Insysteminformationtype4,MSsareinformedifthecellbroadcastfunctionisusedinthiscell andonwhatfrequencytheCBCHisfound. TheLAI,thecellselectionparameters,theRACHcontrolparametersandrestoctetsalsoincluded intype4message. 5) SystemInformationType5 WhenMSinbusymode,SACCHisactivated. Ontheuplink,theMSsendsmeasurementreports,andonthedownlinkthenetworksends outputpowerandTAfortheMStouse.AlsoMSreceivesinformationaboutthefrequenciesused asBCCHcarriersinneighboringcellsonSACCH.Signalstrengthofthesefrequenciesare monitoredandreportedinthemeasurementreportforhandoverpurposes. Frequenciesintheneighborcellsdescriptiongivenheremaydifferfromthosesentinsystem informationtype2. Activemode:MSmeasuresonareducednumberofBCCHfrequenciesinordertoimprovethe accuracyofthemeasurements.In Idlemode:MSmeasuresonagreaternumberoffrequenciestoreducethetimerequiredto establishcontactwiththenetworkafterpoweron.ThistimereductionoccursonlyiftheidleBA listwasstoredatthepreviouspoweroff. 6) SystemInformationType6 Inactivemode,MSneedstoknowiftheLAIchangesIfLAIchangestheMShastodolocation updatingwhenthecallisreleased. IfMSchangesbetweencells(withinthelocationarea)whereRLINKTorDTXconditionsdiffer thenewcelloptionsmustbereportedtotheMS. LMNpermittedisalsoincludedinthesysteminformationtype6. 7) SystemInformationType7 Systeminformationtype7isoptionallysentonBCCHextendedifsysteminformationtype4 doesnotcontainallinformationneededforcellreselection. 8) SystemInformationType8 Systeminformationtype8isoptionallysentonBCCHextendedifsysteminformationtype4 doesnotcontainallinformationneededforcellreselection.

 CallAssignment CallassignmenttakesplacewhenaMobileStationmakesacall(MobileOriginatingCall)or receivesacall(MobileTerminatingCall). 1) MobileOriginatingCall MobileOriginatingaCall

MobileTerminatingaCall MobileOriginatingaCall 2) LocationUpdate TheMSCneedstoknowunderwhichlocationareatheMobileStationcanbereached andLocationAreaInformationisneededforthepagingmadebytheBTS.

 3) Disconnect WhentheMobileStationortheNetworkwanttofinishacallforsomereason a) NetworkInitiated b) MobileStationInitiated

4) Handovers Different protocols are for different handover processes, e.g. in synchronized handover, no timing advance information is needed. This decreases the protocol so that no physical information needs to be sent.
a) SynchronizedHandover

b) NonSynchronizedHandover c)

Handover Failure

1.

AnalysisoftheDriveTestData EXPORTLOGFILES:ExporttheLogFilestoandconversionto.tabformat SelecttheFormatofthefileasMap info Tab-file; as shown in the figure 2) ChangetheSetupSettingsforMapInfoTabfile

SelecttheInformationElementsfromtheavailableInformationElementsinthedesiredTechnology (GSM)e.g.ARFCNBCCH,RxLevFull,RxLevSub,RxQualFullRxQualSub,SpeechQualityIndex (SQI) YoucanalsosavetheSelectedInformationElementssettings(.mexformat).

NowselecttheInputfiles(youcanselectmorethenonefilesalltogether) SelecttheOutputdirectorywhereyouwanttosavetheOutput NameoftheOutputfilewillbefromPrefixandSuffix NowStarttheprocedureforexportingtheLogfile AstheExportisdonesuccessfullytheexportResultswillbedisplayedasshowninthefig

3) OpentheMapInfoConvertedLogFilesintoMapInfoTool CreateThematicMap: SelectMap>CreateThematicMap Youcanselectdifferenttypesaccordingtoyourrequirement E.g.Ranges,BarChart,PieCharts,Graduated,DotDensity,Individual, Grids. E.g.ifwehaveselectedRagesinthisExampleforRxLevel

 E.g.Field:RxLevSub YoucanmodifytheRages,StyleandLegendsaccordingtoyourrequirement,asshowninthe figuretheRangesandStylearemodified CustomizingRangeandStyle

RxLevelSUB(definedasRange) SimilarlyaccordingtotherequirementtheThematicMapcanbedrawn,E.g.forARFCN(BCCH), wehavetotaketheIndividualValuesnottheRangesaswehavetakenforRxLev ARFCN(BCCH)(definedasIndividual)

REPORTGENERATIONINTEMSINVESTIGATION Goto LogFile>ReportGenerator Orselect ReportWizardwillgetopen AddtheLogfilesfromthererespectivelocations SelecttheOutputdirectory

YoucanchangetheReportPropertiesasperyourrequirements,asshowninthefigureforCall EventsandThresholdValues SelectFinishforcompletingtheTask TheStatisticsReportwillbegeneratedintheOutputdirectorydefined OpentheindexFilefromStatisticsReportDirectoryasshowninthefigure.

 Date 20070406 Time12:56 TEMSInvestigationGSM4.1.1 ReportNo ___________________ Preparedby ___________________ Logfileinformation #[Index] 1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 9 10 11 12 13 14 15 16 17 18 19 20 21 22 Logfiles idle8.log idle9.log mo_mt_sms_1.log mo_mt_sms_2.log mo_mt_sms_3.log ded.log ded1.log ded2.log ded3.log ded4.log ded5.log ded6.log ho.log ho_1.log idle.log idle1.log idle2.log idle3.log idle4.log idle5.log idle6.log idle7.log HW[MS1] T68iR1F T68iR1F T68iR1F T68iR1F T68iR1F T68iR1F T68iR1F T68iR1F T68iR1F T68iR1F T68iR1F T68iR1F T68iR1F T68iR1F T68iR1F T68iR1F T68iR1F T68iR1F T68iR1F T68iR1F T68iR1F T68iR1F HW[MS2] GPS YES YES YES YES YES YES YES YES YES YES YES YES YES YES YES YES YES YES YES YES YES YES

Totalduration:01:08:27.67

ActiveMS MS1 DC1 MS2 DC2

Thresholds Average Information %of #[no. Range duration #Cell #Log Element meas. of] (hh:mm:ss) DTXRateDL >80 DTXRateDL >1 FERActual (%) FERActual (%) >8 >4 9.4 20.4 7.7 9.0 18.7 21.2 1.8 5.9 3.5 101 260 125 140 211 260 37 131 0 0 47 5 293 401 211 343 53 84 0 0 00:00:01.94 00:00:01.59 00:00:01.09 00:00:01.12 00:00:01.73 00:00:01.60 00:00:00.86 00:00:00.80 00:00:01.96 00:00:00.79 00:00:02.38 00:00:02.61 00:00:01.24 00:00:01.52 00:00:03.08 00:00:04.84 3,4,5,6,7,8,9,10,11,12,14 3,4,5,6,7,8,9,10,11,12,13,14 6,7,8,9,10,11,12,13,14 6,7,8,9,10,11,12,13,14 3,4,5,6,7,8,9,10,11,12,14 3,4,5,6,7,8,9,10,11,12,13,14 6,8,9,11 6,7,8,9,10,11,12,13,14 5,6,8,9,10,11,12,13,15 9,11 1,3,4,5,6,7,8,9,10,11,12,13,14,15,20,21,22 1,3,4,5,6,7,8,9,10,11,12,13,14,15,18,19,20, 21,22 1,3,4,5,6,7,8,9,10,11,12,14,15,19,20,22 1,3,4,5,6,7,8,9,10,11,12,14,15,19,20,22 6,7,8,9,10,11,12 6,7,8,9,10,11,12,13,14

FERFull(%) >8 FERFull(%) >4 FERSub(%) >51 FERSub(%) >1 MSPower >10 ControlLevel MSPower >20 ControlLevel RxLevFull (dBm) RxLevFull (dBm) RxQualFull RxQualFull RxQualSub RxQualSub SQI SQI TA TA <95

<105 0.1 >5 >2 >5 >2 <4 <16 >50 >38 27.6 42.6 8.6 19.5 9.9 24.7

Events Event BlockedCall CallAttempt CallSetup DroppedCall #[no.of] 91 96 93 1 Relationship #Cell #Log 3,4,5,6,21 3,4,5,6,8,21 3,4,5,8,9,10,12,13,21 6 6,8,9,10,11 6,7,8,9,10,11,12,13,14 6,9 AsshownintheaboveStatswecaneasilyfindoutthatwhicharetheLogFileswhereparticular Evenhadhavehappened. E.g. BlockedCall:logfile3,4,5,6and21 DroppedCall:logfile6 WecanreplaytheseLogfilesandcanfindoutthereasonforthesamebystudyingtheRadio Parametersatthatparticularevent.

GPRSAttachFailure 0 GPRSPDPContext Activation GPRSPDPContext ActivationFailure 0 0

GPRSAuthentication 0 Failure GPRSRoutingArea Update GPRSRoutingArea UpdateFailure 0 0

Handover(Intracell) 28 Handover HandoverFailure PingTimeout RASError SessionError 56 3 0 0 0

Distributiongraphsofalllogfiles

Additional
SIGNALING RadioInterfaceProtocolStructure SIGNALINGLAYER3 Layer3providestheMobileNetworkSignaling(MNS)servicetotheuserapplication. ItIncludes Functionstoestablish,maintainandterminatecircuitswitchedconnectionsacrossa GSMPLMNandothernetworkstowhichthePLMNisconnected. Supportingfunctionsforsupplementaryservicesandshortmessageservicecontrol. Functionsformobilitymanagementandradioresourcemanagement. Protocolcontrolentitiesexistinthethreesublayers: ConnectionManagement(CM)sublayer MobilityManagement(MM)sublayer RadioResourcemanagement(RR)sublayer TheRRfunctionsresidemainlyintheBSC,althoughsomeRRfunctionsmayresideintheMSC. IntheBTS,mostoftheRRmessagesarehandledastransparentmessages.

 Umlayer3,distributionofsignalingfunctions CONNECTIONMANAGEMENT CMsublayercontainsfunctionsfor: CallControlandcallrelatedsupplementaryservicesmanagement(CC). ShortMessageService(SMS). NoncallrelatedSupplementaryServicesmanagement(SS). CallControl CallControlsignalingproceduresaredescribedas: Callestablishmentprocedures Proceduresduringtheactivestate Callclearing Miscellaneousprocedures ShortMessageServiceSupport(SMS):Itcomprisesof ShortMessageControl(SMC) ShortMessageControlProtocol(SMCP):Peercontrolfortransfershort messagesbetweenMSandMSC SupplementaryServicessupport(SS) Notrelatedtoaspecificcall.E.g.registrationofcallforwardingonnoreplyorcall waiting. MOBILITYMANAGEMENT Registrationmessages: IMSIdetachindication Locationupdatingaccept Locationupdatingreject Locationupdatingrequest Securitymessages:

Authenticationreject Authenticationrequest Authenticationresponse Identityrequest Identityresponse TMSIreallocationcommand TMSIreallocationcomplete

Connectionmanagementmessages: CMserviceaccept CMservicereject CMserviceabort CMservicerequest CMreestablishmentrequest Abort Miscellaneousmessage: MMstatus RADIORESOURCEMANAGEMENT TheRRsublayerreceivesservicefromlayer2andgivesservicetotheMMsublayer.Inaddition, RRcommunicatesdirectlywithlayer1forexchangeofinformationrelatedtomeasurement controlandchannelmanagement. ThegeneralpurposeoftheRRproceduresistoestablish,maintainandreleaseaRRconnection betweentheMSandthenetwork.Thisincludeshandoverprocedures,cellselectionatpoweron andinidlemode,recoveryfromlackofcoverageinidlemodeaswellascellreselectioninbusy mode. Channelestablishmentmessages: Cipheringmessages: Handovermessages: Channelreleasemessages: Pagingmessages: Systeminformationmessages: Miscellaneousmessages:

SIGNALINGLAYER2 Link Access Procedures on the Dm channel (LAPDm) is the layer 2 protocol used to convey signalinginformationbetweenlayer3entitiesacrosstheradiointerface,usingtheDmchannel. Dm channel refers to the control channels. Includes broadcast, common or dedicated control channels. LAPDm is a protocol that operates at the data link layer of the OSI structure. Its purpose is to provide a reliable signaling link. It receives services from the physical layer and provides servicestolayer3. LAPDmisbasedontheISDNprotocolLAPD,whichisusedontheAbisinterface. TwotypesofoperationonthedatalinkaresupportedbyLAPDm. 1. Unacknowledgedoperation 2. Acknowledged(ormultipleframe)operation UNACKNOWLEDGEDOPERATION Messages that need not be acknowledged are sent in Unnumbered Information (UI) frames.Thismeansthatthereisnoflowcontrolorerrorrecoverymechanismdefined. ACKNOWLEDGED(MULTIPLEFRAME)OPERATION When an answer or acceptance is required, operation in acknowledged mode is applied.Acknowledgedmodeisapplicableondedicatedcontrolchannelsonly. Layer3messagesaresentinnumberedIframes.Inthiscase,anumberofconsecutiveI frames (a window) can be sent before an acknowledgment is required. However, for LAPDm the size of the window is one, which means that each frame must be acknowledgedbeforethenextoneissent.

SIGNALINGLAYER1 Thesignalinglayer1,alsocalledthephysicallayer,representsthefunctionsrequiredtotransfer thebitsoverthephysicalchannels,ontheradiomedium. Inadditiontosignalinglayer2,layer1interfacesotherfunctionalunits,suchasspeechcoderand terminaladapters,forthesupportoftrafficchannels.