Pulmonary Tuberculosis Pathophysiology

Over Crowding Poorly Sanitized Environment Poor Hygiene Mal nutrition Inadequate Physical Barriers Emotional & Physical Stressors Chronic Diseases Medical & Surgical Treatments Inadequate Immunization Immuno Suppressant Drugs (corticosteroids) Old Age Young People

Close Contact to TB patient

Offers an environ -ment for bacteria to colonize

Inhibits production of antibodies

Enables pathogen to gain access to the body

Increased cortisol activity

Impaired blood flow

Depressed bone marrow production

Reduces levels of:

Increased exposure to pathogens

Decreased level of leukocytes

Impaired blood flow & nutrient delivery to systems

Impaired leukocytosis

Leukocytes & eosinophils

Monocytes

Decreases Immunoglobulin binding to cell surface receptors

Inhibits interleukin synth

Decreasing thymus function

Immature immune system m

Impaired immune response to immunization

Diminished cytotoxicity of natural killer cells

Impaired release of histamines, bradykinin & prostaglandins

Decreased phagocytosis

Decreased phagocytosis

Impaired activatn of B cells, cytotoxic T cells, natural killer cells, macrophages and other cells of the immune system

Infected person sneezes and coughs/ transmits microorganism

Droplets remain suspend ed in the air are spread by air currents

Droplets settle to surfaces

Droplets infect cattle

Weakened defense system Person inhales the droplets Increased susceptibility to infection Person ingests food

Mycobacterium tuberculosis infection

Bacteria is transmitted to the airways

PULMONARY TUBERCULOSIS

Deposition in the alveoli