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  • Stephen Krashen Said,: Second Language Learning

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    Stephen Krashen proposed five main hypotheses about second language acquisition: 1) that adults have two ways of developing second language competence - acquisition through meaningful use and learning through formal instruction; 2) that conscious learning acts as an editor but not driver of acquisition; 3) that the rules of language are acquired in a natural, predictable order; 4) that understanding messages is key to acquisition through comprehensible input; and 5) that affective factors like anxiety can block input from facilitating acquisition. Krashen believed that second languages are acquired similarly to first languages through meaningful exposure and interaction rather than explicit rule learning.

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    Kresher Hypo

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    Stephen Krashen proposed five main hypotheses about second language acquisition: 1) that adults have two ways of developing second language competence - acquisition through meaningful use and learning through formal instruction; 2) that conscious learning acts as an editor but not driver of acquisition; 3) that the rules of language are acquired in a natural, predictable order; 4) that understanding messages is key to acquisition through comprehensible input; and 5) that affective factors like anxiety can block input from facilitating acquisition. Krashen believed that second languages are acquired similarly to first languages through meaningful exposure and interaction rather than explicit rule learning.

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    7 views2 pages

    Stephen Krashen Said,: Second Language Learning

    Uploaded by

    Ain Asilah
    Stephen Krashen proposed five main hypotheses about second language acquisition: 1) that adults have two ways of developing second language competence - acquisition through meaningful use and learning through formal instruction; 2) that conscious learning acts as an editor but not driver of acquisition; 3) that the rules of language are acquired in a natural, predictable order; 4) that understanding messages is key to acquisition through comprehensible input; and 5) that affective factors like anxiety can block input from facilitating acquisition. Krashen believed that second languages are acquired similarly to first languages through meaningful exposure and interaction rather than explicit rule learning.

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    Second language learning

    Krashen believes that there is no fundamental difference between the way we acquire our first language and our subsequent languages. He claims that humans have an innate ability that guides the language learning process. Infants learn their mother tongue simply by listening attentively to spoken language that is (made) meaningful to them. Foreign languages are acquired in the same way.

    Stephen Krashen said, "Language acquisition does not require extensive use of conscious grammatical rules, and does not require tedious drill."

    Krashen's theory of second language acquisition consists of five main hypotheses:

    the Acquisition-Learning hypothesis,


    'adults have two distinctive ways of developing competences in second languages .. acquisition, that is by using language for real communication ... learning .. "knowing about" language' (Krashen & Terrell 1983)

    the Monitor hypothesis,


    'conscious learning ... can only be used as a Monitor or an editor' (Krashen & Terrell 1983)

    the Natural Order hypothesis,


    'we acquire the rules of language in a predictable order'

    the Input hypothesis,


    'humans acquire language in only one way - by understanding messages or by receiving "comprehensible input"'

    and the Affective Filter hypothesis.


    'a mental block, caused by affective factors ... that prevents input from reaching the language acquisition device' (Krashen, 1985, p.100)

    http://homepage.ntlworld.com/vivian.c/SLA/Krashen.htm http://www.sk.com.br/sk-krash.html http://esl.fis.edu/teachers/support/krashen.htm

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