aZo\Xp ap\dx a\ns a[pcw

ApdDu^v Akv lcn MA MA MA MA MA

(DirectorMediaCouncilunderAAMDC AAMDC AAMDC AAMDC AAMDC)
a\ns
a[pcw
h~G j~e dG L
aZo\Xp ap\dx
aZo\m aJvZqw pUv Atkmkntbj
cn^mCu akvPnZv Ipdphtcn
]n.H. sNIymSv
aZo\Xp ap\dx a\ns a[pcw
{]kn-o-I-cWw :
aZo\m aJvZqw
pUv Atkmkn-tb-j
Hmw ]Xnv :
2010 amv
tImn 3000
ssSv sknwKv :
\imv DTP sk
9446251793
{]nnwKv :
tlmkv sFcSn
hnemkw :
aZo\m aJvZqw
pUv Atkmkntbj
cn^mCu akvPnZv Ipdphtcn
]n.-H. sNIymSv. ]md--Shv
hne 15 cq]
aZo\Xp ap\dx a\ns a[pcw
ApdDu^v Akv lcn MA
aZo\Xp ap\dx a\ns a[pcw
3
aZo\Xp ap\-d apAv an\o--fpsS
A`btI{- am- Wv . kXy- hn- izm- kn-
bpsS a\- n \v a[pcw ]I- cp
Ghpw \ `uXn-I-hpw Bo-b-hp-
amb hn`hamWv. AXmWv "aZo\Xp
ap\- dx a\- ns a[pcw' F
sImp IrXn-bn hnh-cn-n-cn-p--
Xv . hn iz m- kn - bpsS a\- n - tev
Ipfntm-cn-sm-cn-bp Hc-\p-`qXn
Cu ]pkv XIw hmbn- p- tmgpw
\nv A\p-`-h-Smw. ae-bm-fn-I-
fmb apkv enw kaq-l-n\v apn
Cu IrXn kanp sImpp.
Nnq A_vZpdlvam apkvenbm
(No^v Aao lk\n lv {Kqv )
Ah-Xm-cnI
aZo\Xp ap\dx a\ns a[pcw
aZo\: a\ns a[pcw 5
]ddnbnm Ignbm
A\p`qXn 6
aZo\: A\pcmKns
A\izcX 8
aZo\bpsS m\w 9
Ghpw t{ijvSamb av 10
aZo\bpsS t]cpI 12
aZo\m ldans t]mcniI 13
`qanbnse kzw 14
Ghpw henb {]tXyIX 15
aZo\sb kvt\lnv hnPbnpI 16
aZo\ tZmjw s]mdpnpp 17
kXy hnizmkns
A`btI{w 18
aZo\bpsS hnImk]cnWma 19
akvPnZp_hn 20
akvPnZp_hnbpsS alXzw 21
dufpco^ ! 22
\appw t]mImw
Xncpkn[nbntev 23
Xncp\_n kaw 26
aZo\bn {int Imcy 28
aZo\bnse ki\ e 29
aZo\mbpsS tav 31
4
XmfpIfn
1.
2.
3.
4.
5.
6.
7.
8.
9.
10.
11.
12.
13.
14.
15.
16.
17.
18.
19.
20.
21.
aZo\Xp ap\dx a\ns a[pcw
5
aZo\Xp ap\dx
a\ns a[pcw
aZo\: F \maw GsXmcp hnizmkntbbmWv ]pf
IaWnbnmXv. kXyhnizmknsb kw_nsStmfw
a\ns\ BenwK\w sNp lrZblmcnbmb hN\ {]km
ZamWv aZo\ F t]cv t]mepw. apAvan\ns a\v Fpw
aZo\bnemWv. hnizmknbpsS lrZbXmfw dufm ico^pambn
sIp]nWpInSpIbmWv. hnizmknbpsS lrZbw kv]n
p-Xv hnip aZo-\-bn Fm-\p A\n-X-c-km-[m-c-W-
amb A`n\nthitmsSbmWv.
Fm ktlmZcm; B Xncp ansemp ImepIp
m `mKyw e`n-mtem? B apv hv \np--Xns
A\n- N- \o- bX ]d- - dn- bn- m km[y- a- . tI- Xn- t\-
mfpw Adn-Xn-t\-mfpw B{Kln-Xn-t\-mfpw Ap
dmWv aZo\bpsS apw hnpw.
AlwZpen-mlv, AZZ JJnln
hcnfm \^vknln hkn\X Ainln
hanZmZ IenamXnln
Rm\o ]hn{X an Imev Ipnb ApapX a\
ns DdIfn ]pjv]np \np aZo\sb Ipdnp
tX\q-dp Hm-I ]In-sb-Sp-m sImXn-p-p.
A\p-cm-K-ns Xo ]--fmbn Hmtcm hnizm-kn-bnepw
t{]mzent aZo\sb Ipdnp Hncn hntijW
]pshp- I- bm- Wv . B Xncp ap- sn ]pmc
\_nbpsS Nmcv aXnhcpthmfw \nm \mYm Rsf
\o A\p-{K-ln-t-W-ta........ Bao.

aZo\Xp ap\dx a\ns a[pcw

6
]ddnbnm Ignbm
A\p- `qXn
2006 \hw_ 29
Imenv Fbt]mn \npw aZo\mWv sNn
dpI FdnXp apX B\ns Ipfncp sImv
a\w XpSn sImn-p-S-n-bn-cp-p. Hcm-bncw taml--n-I
Ie]ne Iqn am\tv ]dpbcpp.
lv bm{X-p Hcp-- Bcw-`n-Xp apX
aZo\bpw Xncp dufbpw ]pmc\_nbpw a\nepw icoc
nepw Ne\ \n-e-\--fnepw ebn-n-m ]mI-nep
mkpI Xv kcmn-bn-nv R-fpsS No^v Aao
Nnq DkvXm-Zv.
]cn- ip aZo- \- bpsS A- co- - n- eqsS hnam- \w
XmWp ]d-ptm Fsmn-m Bthihpw A\p`q
Xnbpw hp s]mXnp. IpIfn B\ns _mjv]
IW, Bcw`qhmb ]pmc \_nbpsS {]Io\
\mhn Xpn Hcm-bncw XhW ]c-sm-gp-In.
samss_ t^m Hm^v sNm\pw s_p-I
sIm\pw hnam\n \nv Ft\mkvsav tImsa
nepw AXn-t\-m Dn-ep kzempw "bm dkqe
mlv' hnfnbpw lmPnamcn hm A\p`qXn \ndp.
B at\m-l-c-amb ] Jp In sXfn-bp-tm
tZlw ]pf-I-a-Wnbpw Ip-I \ndbpw Npp-I hnXp-
pw. tcmam Ip-I-a-Wnv Xfv t]mIpw. ] Jp-
bn \nv IsSpm IgnbmsX ]npIpns\ t]mse
hnXp-n--c-bpw.
]pmc \_ntb........ temIns dlvas....... lrZ
b- ns XpSn- t..... Ic- fns Ijv W- ta....... J_ns
Ipfna-bmb \_ntb....... A-emp h-emap Asse
aZo\Xp ap\dx a\ns a[pcw
7
bm dkq-e-m-lv.....
B Xncpapn, AhnSps khn[n FpXv
hsc hnizmknbpsS icochpw a\pw ]pmc\_n am{Xamhpw...
Ahn-sS-sb-nbmtem ?
Amlv !
Fmw adv Xncp duf-bn-tev Ip\nv apw
shp-t]mIpw. \mw lp-bm-{Xp apt ]Tnp ioen
kem- an- sbpw kzemn- sbpw {]mkhpw tImhbpw
sXpw. lrZb Xmfw sXpw.
hm A\p`qXnbmWv aZo\:
]d-dn-bn-m Ign-bm A\p`qXn. aZo\-bnse
Hmtcm NphSpshnepw ImWp--sXmw A\p-cmKw ]I-cp--
Xmbncpp. ImcWw aZo\bnemWv ]pmc \_nbpXv. Xncp
dufbn lbmtmsS \psS A`nhmZ\n\v adp]Sn ]d
p- sImv \psS s]mp- h- c- hp- I {in- psImv
\psS sXmpapnepv \_nh.
AXv sImv Xs kXyhnizmknI Cmcyn
{in-m thn Camw \hhn ilp Cufm-ln
{]tXyIw ]dbppv.
Xncpduf-bn-te--Sp-p-tm hgn-bn-en-d-n Ipfnv
ipn- bmbn \ hkv {Xw [cnv kpKw ]qiWw. aZo- \-
bpsS m\hpw hen- hpw a\- n \ncq- ]n- - Ww, Zp\n-
bm- hnse Ghpw t{ijv S- amb e- - fn- sem- m- Wn- sXv
Btem- Nn- - Ww.
BZymhkm\w hsc \_nh sb Ipdnp BZchpw
`nbpw a\- n \nd- - Ww. ]pmc \_nsb In
ImWpXv t]mse hnNm-cn-s-Ww. (_..., _..)

aZo\Xp ap\dx a\ns a[pcw

8
aZo\: A\pcmKns
A\-iz-cX
aZo-\-Xp ap\-dx A\p-cm-K-ns A\-iz-c-X-bn-
tev \s Iqn-sImpt]mIpw. Hcp {]hmNI t{]anv
Xncp\_nh bpsS h^mn\v tijw AhnStmSp lpv
Ghpw A[nIw {]ISnnm km[npXv Xncpduf knbm
dv sNpXneqsSbmWv.
hn iz m- kn - bpsS a\- n \n dp Xpfp- p
CivJns then-tb--n Bizmkns Ic--Wnbm
Ahn-Sps Xncpkn-[n-bn-tev sNpIb-msX hnizmkn
FpsNpw? CivJns ImWmNpgnIfn Dgeptmsgms
hnn-sm-p lrZ-bs Xtem-Sm Ahns krjvSnPme
fn XncpdufbmsX aspv.?
aZo-\-Xp ap\-dx kmz\ns imkap{Zam
Wv. Bizm-k-ns Xtem-S-em-Wv. A\p-{K-l-ns Benw-
K\amWv. Xncp\_nh bpsS dufsb eyw shp hchv
]Xn- \mev \qm- mbn Ahn- cmaw XpS- cp- I- bm- Wv . ]pmc
\_nh bpsS Imepw h^m-n\v tijhpw {]hmNI
t{]anI hebw sNmsX aZo\bpsS Hcp \nanihpw IS
pt]mbnn. Hcp t\Xmhns hn{ia epw C{Xb[nIw
XomSI HgpIn Fnbnn.
aZo- \- bn Hcp Xpn Ip- \o hogv msX Hcp
hnizm- knpw aZo- \- bn \nv aS- n- tm- cm km[y- a- .
Xncpdufbn hnXp- n- - c- bm Bcp- an- . AW- smn
Hgp- Ip If- - c- ln - X- amb kv t\l- [m- c- bn aZo\
IpXnp \np- - Xmbn \apv ImWmw. X ImWp-
Itbm tIp- Itbm sNm A\p- cm- K- ]p- jv ]- n\p
thn tImSm- \p- tImSn Ip- \o IW- AhnsS
ASp hogp- p.

aZo\Xp ap\dx a\ns a[pcw

9
aZo\bpsS m\w
temIp Fm esfmfpw m\apXv
abpw aZo\bpamsWXn ]mcan. Ch cn
\npw aZo\mWv ]Zhn IqSpXepXv Fv Da _v\p
Jm_v, A_vZpmln _v\p Da, amenIv _v\p A\kv
XpSnbh ]dbpp.
\_nh bpsS lpPvdpico^ Am aZo\bnse
ap esfm amWv t]mcnibpXv F Imcy
nepw ]nXtemIw GIm`n-{]m- b-m-cm-Wv.
\_nh X InS-p m\-n-\mWv IA-_-
sb-m ]Zhn F-Xn CPvam-Av Dsv Jmfn Cbmfv
A`n- {]m- b- s- n- p- v . Ain- t\- m t]mcni \_nh
XfpsS InSpm\n\psv XmPpo\pp_vIn
tcJ-s-Sp-nb A`n-{]mbw ImWmw. Ahns krjvSnPme
- fn AXyp- X m\ap dkq InS- p- - bnSw
XsbmWtm Ghpw t]mcnibp ehpw. AhnSs
BZ-c-hns htWm-z-e-X-bnemWv temI-n\v kan--
npXv.
apkv l^pm- bn- cns AXns Ae- amd t]mepw
hpfqAv CmsX sXmSm ]mSnsmWv \nbaw. apkvl^v
AIpv FXmWv "sXmSm ]mSn' F \nban\v
ImcWw. AXpt]mse Aivd^p JJv InSp an\pw
BZchv hcpp Fv Camw kin hnhcnpXv ImWmw.
C_v \p lP hy- am- p- Xv ImWp- I. IA-
_m- e- b- tm- Sp- Iq- Sn- bp a al- Xz- ap- XmsW- - Xn
X- an- . ]pmc\_nbpw Ahn- Sps J_ ico^pw
\ne- sIm- p aZo\ IAv _b- S- p a- sb- mfpw
ss_p aAv aqdn- t\- mfpw av {]]- - n- ep k
hkv Xp- - sf- mfpw al- m- b- Xm- Wv aZo\: F- Xn
CPv am- Av BWv . (_..., :,....)

aZo\Xp ap\dx a\ns a[pcw

10
Ghpw t{ijvSamb av
]pmc\_nh bpsS ]qta\n sXmpcpn \np
]pWyav AJne temIfnse kIe hkvXpsfmfpw
_lpaXn hpt]mbn. AXv sImmWv {]hmNIm\pcmKnI
B an sNcp-n-SmsX \S-m Imc-Ww. B ]pWy `qan
ImcWw aZo\ am{Xa `qan apgsbpw ]hn{Xambnop.
av {Klfpw A\tImSn \{Xfpw `qansb t\mn
AkqbsSpIbmWv.
GsXm-cm-sfbpw ad-am-S-s ep\nmWv B
a\pjys\ krjvSn-m\p as-Spn-pXv Fv Xncph
cpfpv. Hcn- Xncp\_nh Hcp J_dns Nmcp IqSn
\S-pt]mbn Atcw Ahn-Spv tNmZnp""CXmcpsS J_
dmWv''. Btcm adp-]Sn ]d-p ""CsXmcp A_vko-\n-b-m-
scs J_-dm-Wv'' Atm \_nh X ]dp ""em
Ceml Cmlv, AbmfpsS `qanan \npw BImi
ns Nph-n \npw Abmsf krjvSn--s an-tev
Xs \bn--s-tm'' (,s. .. . ,:..)
Xncp\_nh sb ]Ss anemWv AhnSpv InS
pXv. AXn\m alXzw IqSpXepXv Cu an\msWv
hy-am-sW-tm.
C_v \p Pukn Xs "h^m- C' IAv _p
Alv_m \nv \nthZ\w sNpp. A ]pmc \_nhsb
krjv Sn - m Xocp- am- \n - - tm Pn _v cot\mSv
Xncp\_nh InSp m\v (lpPvd ico^n) \nv
Hcp ]nSn shfp av sImp-h-cm In-p. ]ns
AXns\ Xkv\ow Pew sImv IgpIsp. kzneqsS
Hgp-Ip Acp-hn-I-fn apn-sb-Sp-p. BImi `pan-I-fn-
semw AXp- ambn Npn k- cn- m In- - s- p.
Atcw Xs ]pmc\_nX-sfbpw Ahn-Sps al-
Xzhpw aepIv a\nembn. (, , ...)
aZo\Xp ap\dx a\ns a[pcw
11
X_v dm\o Camw Xs I_o- dn dm^n C_v \p
JZoPv\nv \nthZ\w sNp asmcp dntmv ImWpI. ""
aZo\ asbm t{ijvSamWv.'' ( __u. )
aZo\bpsS av tcmKia\n\p ]nb amWv . in^m
bpsS amWv. ]s AXn\p thn av ]pdv sImp
t]mhpXn ]nXm `nm`n{]mbnemWv . sImps]m
Im ]mSnsmWv {]_ew. AXpt]mse B an hnf
Imcbpw hfsc ]pWyapXpw in^bpXpamWv. kzlo
lmb lZokpIfn CXv hyamnbnpv.
"APvhm' F t]cn AdnbsSp Imcp am{X
ap {]tXyIXb. aZo\bnse APvhv hfsc t]mcnibp
v . B Imc Xnph\v knlv dv , \v DssSbp Hpw
_m[npIbn Fv \_nh X ]dnpv. ( ,...)
aZo\bn \nv Xncnv t]mIptm aZo\bnse km[
IpSpw_n\v sImphc kppv. CXmImw aZo
\-bn \nv Imcbpw a-bn \nv kwkwshhpw
sImphcpXns ]mmXew.
]pmc \_nh InSp ans kpKw Ipq
DkvXmZns hcnIfn.
a[pcnXw Aaqeyw AXpeyamw av
Xpeyamb-Xns\ apn-b-h\mcv ?
al-cw \psS \_n ImcWw AXv
Aaqeyambv B an kpKw
apn aWhv Fsmcp hnPbw
(Kco_v \hm-kv)

.,,,.. ,.. . . :.
.,,,u, . ,.. . . .,.
_. . . .:,:
..,,., . ,u. .. ,u...
aZo\Xp ap\dx a\ns a[pcw
12
aZo\bpsS t]cpI
aZo\ F]Z-n\v ]Ww FmWv Aw. aZo-
\v Hcp- ]mSv t]cp- I- fp- v . t]cp- I- fpsS B[nIyw Hcp
hkvXphns m\sbpw alXzsbpw Ipdnpatm.
Camw AZvhn Xs _peqKp akdmn ssiJv lman
kmZhn \nv aZo\-bpsS sXmqdv t]cpI D-cn-p
pv. Camw iodmkn {]amWfn \nv NnISp
aZo\-bpsS Nne t]cpI hnhcn-mw.
bkvcn_v, Afpmln, Afp lnPvd, AImep
_pZm, AImep Jpd A Cuam, A _md,
A _pssld, A _lod, A _emXzv, A _eZv,
ss_pd- kq, Pko- d- p Ad- _v , A P- p
lkzo\, A l_o_, A ldw, ldapdkqenmlv, A
Pm_nd, Pm_mcn, Pmd, lk\, A ssJd, Am, Zmdp
A_vdm, Zmdp Cuam, Zmdpp, Zmdpema, Zmdp
^Xvlv, Zmdp lnPvd, ZmXp lPv, ZmXp lndm, in^
b, Xzmlm, ssXz_, A Bkzn-a, A AZvdm-Av, A
AdmAv, A Adqfv, A Kdmfv, Ke_, A ^mfnA,
A Jmkn-a, XzmCu i_vD_m_v,
A aZo\, A aIo\, A aPv_qd, A ap^n
b, Am-ln-b, A_vemfv, Alvdv, A lZvd-Av, Jp-
p Ckv emw, Jb- p Akm, A ap_m- d- I,
J_p Cuam, A apAvan\, A al, A apl
, A al-_q_..... (.... ...)
XpSn \qdpWn\v \ma Dcnsnpv.
Cu t]cpIsfms aZo\phXns ]mmXew hniZo
Icnp sImv Camw kpwlqZn Xs h^mD h^mC
khnkvXcw {]Xn_m[nnpv.
bkvcn_v F \maw \_nh X amn-bn-cp-p.
B t]cv hnfn IdmlmsWv asmcnSv kpwlqZn
aZo\Xp ap\dx a\ns a[pcw
13
]d-bppv. A_q bAvehpw, Alv aZvhpw kmy-s-
Spp lZokv ImWpI. ""aZo\sb Bscnepw bkvcn_v
Fv hnfnm Ah ]m]tamN\w tXSnsms.'' AXn\v
"\io-I-cWw' F Aw [z\n-bp--XmImw Imc-W-sav
A\pam\nsSpp.
aZo\m ldans
t]mcniI
krjv Sn Pme- - fn A atlm- X BZ- c- hp- I
\Inb Xncp-\_nh bpambn _-s- e-pw
hkvXppw XsbmIWatm Ghpw alXzhpw. am
{]tZiw ldamsXv t]mse aZo\m ap\d ({]tim`nX
\Kcw) bpw kXyhnizmknbpsS hnip ldamWv. \_nh
]dbpXv ImWpI.
""Am-lpth C_vdmlow \_n-bn-eqsS am {]tZ-
is \o ld-amn. Rm\nXm aZo-\sb ld-ambn {]Jym-]n-
pp. AXn th arKfpw hrfpw \innsS
cpXv.'' ( ,.. .. )

aZo\Xp ap\dx a\ns a[pcw

14
`qanbnse kzw
{]]nsemcnSpanm Hcp hntijWw aZo\
pv . "`qanbnse kztmv ' \_nh ]dp. Fs J_
dnsbpw Fs andnsbpw CSbnep ew kztm
pIfn \np Hcp tXmmIpp. CXns\ hniZoIcnp
sImv alm\mb C_v\p lP aqv hniZoIcW
\IpXv ImWpI.
Hv: Cu ev \nkvIcnh\v kzapv. ldw
ico^n \nv Hcp dIvAv \nkvIcnm AXn\v kzw
Xcmsav ]dnntm. As\ hcptm AXnt\m
hepXv XsbmWtm.
cv: Cu ew kz-n Dmbn-cn-p-Xm
Wv. `qanbnse Hcp IjvWw kznepsn AXv aZo\
bnse duf F eamWv. Cs\ Hcp hntijWap
Hcp ew aZo\bmsXbn.
aqv: Cu kvYew Ctm Xs kzn\p t\sc
nXn sNpp. kXyhnizmknsb tcmamw sImnp
A-am-Wn-Xv Xcp--Xv. (4/100 .,. :.)
kzn ISpshv ]dbm am{Xw alXzsSp
nb hm Hcp eamWnXv . kzn\p t\sc aZo\bnse
Xncp dufbmsX `qanbn asmcnSaptm ?
Cu e- n\v C{X- am{Xw al- Xz- ap- m- Im- \p
ImcWw hniZoIcnp sImv Camw bqkp^p_vlm\n
]d-p. ""dkqepmlnh bpsS Im]mZw C{X-bpw s]cp
amdnb Hcp ean FXmWv.''

aZo\Xp ap\dx a\ns a[pcw

15
Ghpw henb {]tXyIX
Aiv d- ^p JJv dkqh bpsS J_v dpco^v .
GXv `qanv Ah-Im-i-s-Sm-\pv Cu {]tXy-I-X ?. \_nh
bpsS J_v dp- - co^n\p aqI- fnend- p A{Xbpw ae- p-
I asmcp ka- - nepw Cd- p- n- . Fv ]e alm- c-
Y- mcpw DWn- bn- p- v .
Fm {]`m- X- nepw Fgp- ]- Xn- \m- bncw ae- p- I
Ahn- Ss Xncp- k- hn- [- n Cd- n- hv kzem- p- I
\n- ln- p- p. A`n- hm- Zy- An- p- p. {]tZm- j- am-
bm Ah Ibdntmhp- Ibpw asmcp Fgp- ]- Xn- \m- bncw
Cd- p- Ibpw sNp- p. ( _.. ,.... 1/44)
]pmc\_nh Xma- kn- p- cp lpPv d- bn- emWv
Ahn- Sps J_v dp- co- ^v nXn sNp- - Xv . Fv apv
hni- Zo- I- cn- n- p- v . \mep- h- i- fpw ]n- f- - n- bm- ep
Npa sImv ad- - s- n- cn- p- I- bm- Wv .
AhnsS aqv J_- dp- I nXn sNp- p- v . aZo-
\-bn \nv sXp-`m-K-am-Wtm Jn_v e. Jn_v ebpsS `mK-
qsS Xncp lfv d- n- tev sNp- tm BZyw \_n- h
bpsS J_v dpw A]w ]nn- embn A_q- _- kzoJv
s J_v dpw Ah-cpsS ]nd-In Xncp-\_nh bpsS Im]m-
Z- n\p t\cnSpw hn[w Da s J_v dpw ImWmw.
\mep`mKhpw sIn- bn- p ]n- f Nph- cn BZyw
Hcp Zzmcw ImWmw. AXv Ign- m ImWp A]w
henb Zzmcw ]pm- c\_n- hbpsS apJ- tmS`nap- J- ambn
hcp Zz mc- am- Wv . ]n oSv ImWp - Xv kz n o- Jp
AIv _ hns apJ- n\p t\scbpw sXm- Sp- Xv
Da hns apJ- n\v t\sc- bp- - Xp- am- Wv .

aZo\Xp ap\dx a\ns a[pcw

16
aZo\sb kvt\lnv
hnP-bn-pI
appImev aZo\bnse Imemh A{X kpJIc
ambncpn. , .. : . . . , . s : ., , . . . . , . , . , ,. (a-sb R
kvt\lnXp t]mse AXn-ep-]cnbmbn aZo-\sb kvt\ln-
m Amlpth \o Rsf XpWtWta...) F Xncp
ZqXcpsS {]m\bpsS ^eambn aZo\bpsS Acow
kpJ-Ic-amb Ah-bn-tev amdn.
A_q kCuZn JpZvcnv s kao]tv kCu
Zp alvcn hp sImp aZo\bnse {]bmkfpw Xs
km\f\p`hnp hnjaXIfpw hnhcnp Atcw
A_q kCuZn JpZvcnv ]dp. "\o aZo\bn \nv
t]mhpXv Rm A\pIqen-n-. \_nh X Cs\
]dbpXv RmtInpv.' ""aZo\bnse IjvSmSnepw hnj
anepw ]nSpp\nph Btcm Ahv Ay\mfn
Rm ip]mj-I\pw kmnbpw Bbn-cnpw'' ( ,... )
aZo\-bnse Hcp hnjakn-bn C_v\p Da-dns
Nmcv hv Xs Hcp `rXy ]dp "ChnsS kln-m
]pn. F\nsmp hon t]mIWw.' C_v\p Da
]dp. "AXpth CXv aZo\bmWv Fmw klntmfq
Cu ew hnv \o Ftmpt]mIm Ay\mfn \_n
bpsS i^mAv sNm\pw kmnbmbn hcm\pw \o B{K
lnpnt. ?'( ,.: . ... . ,... )
aZo- \- mv Ah- cpsS ap KpWw sIm
aZo\m\nhmknI BbXns t]cn Hcp {]tXyI in]mi
e`npsav CamapI {]kvXmhnnpv.
aZo\bnse Fm hkvXptfbpw BZcthmSp
IqSnbmsX Hcp {]hmNIkvt\lnp ImWm Ignbn. aZo
\bnse Imcbpw Cu\bpw t\mq AXv ]pmc\_n
hmbbnen ImcbpsS Ipcphn \nv hfp hXm
aZo\Xp ap\dx a\ns a[pcw
17
Imw. ]pmc\_nbpsS hpfqCs _mn shn \npw
apfp s]mn-b-XmImw.
HIsf t\mq. dkq kcn Afv_mAv F
HIns km\fmImw. ]Xfpw acfpw aW
Xcn- I t]mepw BZ- c- hn \nsm- gn- hmm Ign- bn- .
]pmc\_nv A`n-hm-Zy- An-m Hpw Xs
Av Csv alm-m ]d-bpp. Fm-n-t\mSpw BZ-chv
shpXv hnizmknsb B\-n-n-pp.

aZo\ tZmjw
s]mdp- n- pp
A hn\v Ghpw CjvS-s krjvSn ]pmc\_n-bm
W-tm. \_nh Xv Ghpw CjvSs ew aZo\
bpw. kXyhn-izmkn aZo\sb kvt\ln-pXv Ahnt\mSpw
dkq- en- t\mSpap Cjv Sw sImm- Wv . Cu Hcp kv t\l
hnImcw sImpXs Ahs sXp-Ip-- s]mdp-n--
sSpsapw aZo\ tZmjs IgpIn hrnbmpsapw
a\nemmhpXmWv.
\_nh ]d-p. ""a\p-jysmcp Imew hcm-\n-cn-
p- p. Xs Iqp- Ip- Spw- _- - sftbm, Iqp- Im- c- t\tbm
hnfnp sImv Hcp bphmhv ]dbpw. hcq \apv kpJnmw,
\apv kpJnmw Fv. Av aZo-\-bm-W-hp--aw. aZo-
\- tb- m \ IcpXn Hcmfpw t]mtI- - Xn- . AhnsS
\nm Ah\v \-I hn-npw. \n-f-dn-bWw aZo\
Xpcpp If-bp hkv Xp t]mse-bm-Wv . AXv Ccp-ns
Xpcpv \opXv t]mse Ay\mfn hnja-sf \on
ip-am-p-sapw shnsb Xnf--am-Xmpw t]mse
aZo\ a\pjy a\ns\ XnfapXmpw.'' ( ,... .i,. )

aZo\Xp ap\dx a\ns a[pcw

18
kXy hnizmkns
A`btI{w
kXyhnizmknIfpsS lrZbw Ftmgpw Xncp ka
s sImXnpXmWv. hnizmknns {]`htI{w aZo
\-bm-bXv t]mse A`-b-m-\hpw AhnsS Xs-bm-sWv
Xncp\_nh hy-am-p-Xv ImWp-I.""\nbw kXy-hn-
izmkw aZo- \- bn- tev A`bw {]m]npXm- Wv . ]mv
AXns amfntev A`bw sImpXv t]mse'' (.i,.)
- AXp- t]mses aZo- \m- ap- \- - dv A {]tXyIw
kwc-W hmKvZm\w sNbvXn-p-v. \_nh X
Xs ]dp. ""hn\miImcn Zm abnepw aZo\bnepw
NhnpIbn.'' ( ,... .i,. )
AXpt]mse acWns hym]mcnbmhp amdmhym
[nI aZo\map\dbn DmhpX. \_nh ]dp. ""aZo
\bpsS AXnnIfn Imhmcmb aemCpv mKpw
Zmepw Atmp {]thinpIbn.'' ( ,... .i,. )
aZo\m\nhmknIv Hcn ISp maw A\p
`hsp. Ah Bbnim(d) t\mSv thhemXn {]ISnnp.
Atm Bbni _ohn ]dp. \n \_nh XfpsS
J_dn\Sptv sNpI, Fnv dufbn \nv apIfntev
Hcp Zzmc-an-Sp-I. Ah-c-s\ sNbvXp. ag s]bvXp. ]cn-k-c-
lcn-Xm-`-ambn, H-I- XSnp sImgpp. As\
B hjn\v tahjw Fv t]cpInn.(, , . ..)
C_v\p Iko kmysSpp asmcp kw`hw
ImWpI. DXp_n ]d-p. Rm \_nh bpsS J_dp
co- ^ns Nmcv Ccn- p- I- bm- bn- cp- p. Atcw Hcp
AAvdm_n hv kemw sNmn, \_n-tb... Ahn-Sps ASp
hm Amlp ampXcpsav JpB\neptm
AXn\m Asb sImp Rm ip]mi tXSppshv
]dv Hcp ss_v sNmn.
aZo\Xp ap\dx a\ns a[pcw
19
AAv dm_n t]mIp- tm- tgv Rm\- hnsS Dd- n-
tmbncpp. Dd- - n Rm \_nh sb Ip.
AAv dm_nv A amv sNbv Xp sImSp-n-cn-pp Fv ]d-
bm ]pm-c-\_nh FtmSv ]d-p. ( _:s , _...: 1/520)
Camw \hhnhpw C_v\p JpZmahpw Cu kw`hw
kmysSpnbnpv.

aZo\bpsS hnImk]cnWma
kDuZn Atd-_ybpsS hS-p]Sn-mdmbn kap{Z
\ncn \npw 625 ao Dbcn nXnsNp hnip
aZo\bntev abn \npw 447 Intemaotdmfw hgnZqc
apv. aZo\bpsS hnkvXow 50 Intemao BIpp. Hcp
{]tXyI Xcw IpIfm \n_nUamb aZo\bpsS Ingpw
]Snmdpw "A ld iJn', "A ld K_n' F
t]cn Adn-b-s-Spp.
sNdpXpw hep- Xp- amb ae- \n- c- I- \mep- `m- Kpw
ImWmw. AXn {]apJamWv DlvZv ae. akvPnZp_hnbn
\nv DlvZv aebntev 5 Intemao Zqcapv. DlvZv aesb
{]IonpsImv As dkq [mcmfw ]dnpv. Hcn
DlvZv ]Xw Nqn-m-Wnp sImv ]dp ""\s
kvt\ln-p ae-bm-WnXv AXns\ \mapw kvt\lnp-p.''
aZo\ apv AdnbsncpXv bkvcn_v F \man
emWv . \_nh bpw kzlm_namcpw abn \nv Atmv
]memb\w sNpIbpw AhnsS {]Ya CkvemanI km{amPyw
m]npIbpw sNbvXtm AXv aZo\p dkq Bbn
op. A aZo\p ap\d F hnip \manem
WnXv AdnbsSpXv .
aZo\Xp ap\dx a\ns a[pcw
20
]s ae-bm-fn-I s]mXpsh BZ-c-hns hni-b-
n hfsc ]nn-em-sW ZpxJ kXyw A\p-`h kmy-
amWv. temIapkvenwI Cu hnip \Kcsf aXp
apIdax Fpw aZo\Xp ap\dx Fpw BZcthmsS D]
tbmKnptm tIcfm aZo\ Fpw asbpw am{X
amWv D]tbmKnmdpXv.

akv Pn-Zp--_hn
lnPvdbpsS thfbn \_nh bpw kzlm_namcpw
aZo\bnsenbtm HIw apv Ipnb emWv Ahn
Spv, CkvemanI cmjv{Sns tI{ambn akvPnZp_hn
m]n-p--Xv . ]n-bpsS Npa Cjv Sn-Ibpw XqWp-I
Cu--\-bpw tapc Cu--\-bpsS a-ep-am-bn-cp-p.
]mbtbm hncntm Cm anembncpp. \nkvImcw \n
lnncpXv. Cu\ Ipnbmbncpp As anlvdm_v.
Bfp-I hn-m XpSnbtm lnPvd-bpsS
Ggmw hjw ]n Aw hnIknnp. Fmw hjw ]n
bn aqv ]SnIfp an m]nsp. lnPvdbpsS ]Xn
t\gmw hjw Da BWv akvPnZp_hn ]p\\nmWw
\S-n-b-Xv. ]n-bn ]mb hncn-p-Xpw Am-bn-cp-p.
]noSv lnPvd29 Jeo^m Dkvam s Imepw
tijw Da-hn `c-W-Im-ev heoZv _v\p A_vZp aen-
ns t\XrXznepw akvPnZp_hn hnIknnp. ]n
bpsS \mev `mKpw an\m- c- ]Wn- XXpw A- l- am- Wv .
]noSv Amknm ImeLn alvZn am{Xta ]n hnI
kn-n-smq. AXv lnPvd 165 Bbn-cpp. lnPvd 888
kpm JmbvXp-_m-bpsS Ime-mWXv. lnPvd 1277
kpm A_vZp aPoZv 12 hjw \op \np
hn]peoIcW {InbI sNbvXp.
aZo\Xp ap\dx a\ns a[pcw
21
lnPvd 1372 (1926) kDuZn `cWIqSns m]
I\mb aenIv A_vZp Akokv abpw aZo\bpw Ds
sS-bp lnPmkns `c-Wta--Sp-tm Bcw`n hn]p
eoIcW{]h\ aI kDuZns Imew hscpw
\op\np.
lnPvd 1414 (1994) aenv ^lZns hn]peoIcWw
Ncn-{X-nse Ghpw _rl-mb-Xmbn-cpp. ]n-bnepw
]nv Nppap am_n ]Xn Xdbnepw 650000 t]v
Htckabv \nkvIcnm\p ]mIn kuIcy \S
n-p-v. \mev an\m-c- Dm-bn-cp-Xv Cv ]m-Wv. 72
ao-dmWv Hmtcm-n-sbpw Db-cw.
hmbp kmcn\v b{hIrXambn Xpdm\pw
AS-m\pw km[n-p 27 Jp-Ifpw apI-fn-tev Ib-
dphm\pw Cdphm\pw \mev FenthdpI (sshZypX Hmtm
amnIv tImWnI), Am tImWnI ]Xnt\sgapv.
BbncWn\v tSmbvsepI, hpfp sNm\p SmpI,
Chsbmw ]nv ]pdmbn A {KunemWv kwhn
[m-\n-n-cn-p--Xv. ( :. :.,,. ,.: )

akvPnZp_hnbpsS alXzw
a- bnse akv Pn- Zp ldmw Ign- m Ghpw
t{ijv S-amb ]n akv Pn-Zp--_-hn-bm-Wv . \_nh ]d-p.
""Fs Cu ]n-bn shv \nkv I-cn-p-Xv akv Pn-Zp
ldmam ]n-bn shv Bbncw XhW \nkv I-cn-p-
-Xn\v Xpey-am-Wv .'' ( ,.. . .i,. )
asmcp Xncp-h-cp ImWp-I. ""Hcm Hcp hJv Xpw
]mgm-msX ]q-amb 40 hJv Xv \nkv Imcw Fs ]n-
bn shv \nkv I-cn-m \cI in-bn \npw I]S
aZo\Xp ap\dx a\ns a[pcw
22
hnizm-k-n \npw c-{]m-]n--Xmbn tcJ-s-Sp-p--
Xm-Wv .'' ( __u. . ,.. )
dufm ico^v F- dn- b- s- Sp ew Cu ]n-
bn- em- Wv . ]pmc- \- _n- h bpsS J_- dp- - co- ^n\pw Ahn-
Ss an- dn\pw CS- p e- am- Wn- Xv . {]tXyIw {in-
m Cu m\v ImWp 19 XqWp- Iv s]bv -
Snp thXn- cn- p- p- v .

dufpco^ !
duftbmSv tNp \np hoSmWv Bbni _ohn
bp-tS-Xv. AXn-emWv ]pmc\_nh sb-bpw A_q-_-
kznoJv, Da s\bpw J_d-S-n-bn-p-Xv Fv apv ]d-
n-cpphtm. A_q_ kznoJv Xs IqpImc\m
bncp ]pmc\_nh bpsS kao]p Xs adamSsSm
aI BbnitbmSv B{Klw {]ISnnpIbpw AhcXn\v
A\paXnsImSppIbpw sNbvXp.
i{Xphns Iptv Cu temItmSv hnS]dbm
t\cw Da Xs Ccp IqpImcpsS AcnsI Ayhn{iaw
sImm\p A`nemjw tXSn Bbni _ohn(d)bpsS ASp
tv Bsf hnp. Bbni _ohn (d) Dahn\pw
kao]m\w A\phZnp sImSpp. As\bmWv aqv
J_dpI Bbni _ohn(d)bpsS honembXv.
\_nh bpsS ]hn{X icocw aZo- \- bn \nv
tamjvSnp sImpt]mIm ApXhW {ia \Sn
pv. (... ... 648654, ,... _,.. ,,... :_..)
knbmdn\v hcp hnizmknIfpsS Xncv \nb{n
m\pw Bhiyamb \nti \Im\pw hfnbam
cpw, t]meokpImcpw J_ico^nt\mSSp mn\p apI
fn ImWm Ignbpw.
aZo\Xp ap\dx a\ns a[pcw
23
]pm-c-\_nh bpsS J_-dp--co-^n-\-Spv ZpB
sNm t]mepw apv A\phmZapmbncpn. AhnsS IS
pIqSnb XuloZpw inpw kw_n sXmb hmZ
fn hniz-kn-p, km{am-Py-ns IogneI-s-p-t]mbn
F ZpxJw apkvenw temIw Imefmbn thZ\tbmsS ISn
ndpp. Fm CubnsS kuZocmPmhv Xncp\_nbpsS
khn- [- n hv ssI Dbn ZpB sNp- cwKw
am[yafn Itm hm Bizmkw tXmn.

\appw t]mImw
Xncp-k-n-[n-bn-tev
""R-smv t]mtbm-t''
aZo-\-bn knbm-dv t]mIp--Xns\ IpdnmWv Ipq-cp-
kvXmZv ]d-bp-Xv. AZ-_n-msX tIdn-s-m ]n-. AXn\v
am\-kn-I-ambn Iptd Xm-sd-Sp-t--Xp-v. AsX, Fs
tami--c- \_nh ImWnt ? Rm\-s\ AhnsS
t]mhm\mWv. ? \_nh bpsS JZvdnt\mSv Xnv t\mptm
Rm shdpw ]qPyw!. t_Pmdv Acn-p-I-b-dp-p. Imen\v
Xf, Rc-p-Iv hen-hv, CSv Hn-cn-p-p. Iptd
kzemv sNm-Ww, aZvlv ]mS-Ww, Xf amn am\-n-I-
ambn Duw ssIhcnWw, Fnte B Xncp lfvdn
\nm-\m-hq, C-s\-bmWv B A\p-cmKn lpPvd-bn-tev
t]mhpXv.
Ak-dns ka-b-m-Wv . \ Xnc-p-v . R
_m_pemaneqsS {]thinp. Aen _mJhn Hmpp,
P\ Cdp hgnbmWv R Ibdm Imv \np
-Xv. apXz k-Xn-p. ]n-bn ISp cv dIv-Av
\nkv I- cn- p. ]n- bn Ccn- p- tm ssiJp\ Fs
ImXn a{npp,
aZo\Xp ap\dx a\ns a[pcw
24
"BZn Aabvv' F ]mv sNmn--cptam ?
AhnsS t]meokpv, ]mfhpw ]mcmhmcw IWs
]cv InS-p P\--fpw. ]s A\pcmKnv IpIfn-
tm. ]cn-kc t_m[w \jvS-sv {]hm-N-I-\n ebn Hcp
BinJn \nv Acw Bhiy IuXpIIca. Rm
sas AhnSps ImXpIfn sNmnsmSpp.
BZn Assas \qdp-mlv
AlvaZv \_nbn kzmlv
Aivd^p JJv \_nbpmlv
BZ-c-hmb dkq-ep-mlv
_Zvdnepw Gdnb tim` \_n
_ohn Ban\ Xs kz_n
heZp Aao\mbv h\_n
Bam _n dkqen-mlv
]ns D-n Hcp Ic-n-em-bn-cp-p.
(Ipq DkvXmZv, sXn-ybpsS Kco_v \hmkv)
at\mlcamb ] Jpsb Ipdnv Ipq DkvXmZv ]mSnb
lrZblmcn-bmb hcn-I {in-p-I.
Xncp dufm..... hni-p-p, Zmln-p-p,
F\nv IpSn\o Xcq
Rm aS--n-emWv
.., _ .: :.. .,
, _ _., ...u.
.u.. , . ..u ,.
. . . _.: ,. .:
aZo\Xp ap\dx a\ns a[pcw
25
Xncp kmao]yw ImcWw, F
taml--sfm-sbpw \nn-em-Ws{X
\n\v ]pIgvN. Idm GsSphv
\o ]qoIcnpp.
] Jpv awKfw t\v sImv ]mSnb Ipq
DkvXmZns hcnI Cv GXv BinJns Npnepw hncn
bpXv ImWmw.
] Jpv awK-f-
CcptemIfpsSbpw t\Xmhns Jp
AXn t{ijvS IIpfna

, . , . . : . - . , - , . . , , .. : , . . .. i . : , . . .
aZo\Xp ap\dx a\ns a[pcw
26
Xncp\_n kaw
CS- ap- dn- bmsX hnizm- kn- I HgnIn Fp- I- bmWv
]pmc\_n-bpsS Nmcv hv \nm\p DI-S-amb
B{K- l- tmsS, ]mmXy ]uckv Xy tZi- - fn \nv
B{^n ImSpIfn \nv Atd_ybpsS hc `qanbn
\nv {[ph{]tZifn \nv...
CXm B Xncp-k-n-[n-bn \mw \np-I-bm-Wv.
]pmc\_nhbpsS PohnX Imev \mw Av aZo
\-bn ImWm t]mhp-tm Fsms acym-Z-I ]men-
t--Xptm AsXmw ]men-n-cn-Ww. i_vZ-ap-b-cp-
Xv. AhnSps khn[n Dn kwkmcncpXv Fv
A Xs i- ambn hne- n- bn- p- s Nn ad- - cp- Xv .
As\ kwkm-cn-m k \-Ifpw Cm-Xm-bn-tm-Ip-
sav Jp-B ]d-bp-p.
\_nhbpsS ]nb \nv, Dn kwkmcnp
Xv tI-tm Da Ah-tcmSv tZiy-s-Sp-Ibpw ""\_n
bpsS kan shv i_vZapbnb \n A\y\mp
Imcmbntmbn An Rm \n in hn[nts\''
Fv Kuc- h- tmsS XmnXpsNbv X kw`hw kzoImcy
tbmKy-ambn hn-p-v.
Bbn-i-_ohn (d), Xncp-\-_n-hbpsS ]Xv \namcn
BcptStbm hon \nv BWn Xdp i_vZw tItm
Ah iambn shdpv {]ISnnpIbpw \_nhbpsS
kn-[n-bn shv i_vZ-ap-m-p-Xv Bcm-sWv At]-
nm Bsf ]dbpIbpw sNbvXnpv. AhnSs
Xncp- k- a- - n \npw Hcm- \- h- iyIfnbpw ]mSn.
AhnsSbp-tmsgmw Ahn-Sps lfvd-n \nkvImc-
tijw kemw sNm ]Xn-hm-p-I.
kemw ]d-bp--Xns D-a-amb Nne `mK-.
aZo\Xp ap\dx a\ns a[pcw
27
.. . , . _,.. . , , , . ...
. :. s , .. : . . ,, . . . . ,, u . .
... :. ...
. . .. . , . . . , . : . . . ,, , . . . , , .. ., , .
. . .. . , , . ...
. . _ , . . , , . ...
. . : _ i . , , . ...
. . i , i ., , . ...
. . , , . ., , . ...
. . _ . . , , . ...
_ .. , . , , . ...
, , . . , , . ...
.. . ., , . ...
. . ., , . ...
: . . . _ , . . , , . ...
: . _ , . ., , . ...
aZo\Xp ap\dx a\ns a[pcw
28
aZo\bn {int
Imcy-
1. akvPnZp_hnbn Fnbm dufbpsS `mKv ew
]nSnpI.
2. aZo-\-bn D-tm-sgmw Fm Pam-A-nepw Hmw
XIv_o apX ]psImpI.
3. aZo\bn Xmaknptcw ]pmc\_nv CjvSanm
Hcp-Im-cyhpw sNm-Xn-cn-p-I.
4. CAvXnIm^v A[nIcnnpIbpw AXymhiymsX
]pdv t]mhmXn-cn-pIbpw sNpI.
5. \_n- hbpsS Xncpkaw ]nnembnhcp cq]n
\nkvIcnpItbm CcnpItbm sNmXncnpI.
6. aZo\bnse tharKsf \innpItbm sNSntbm atm
actam apdnepw apw Ipw ]pdv sImpt]mIepw ]mSn
mXmWv.
7. aZo\bn shv kppt\mpI A[nIcnnpI.
Jp-B JXw Xop-I. kzem-p-I hn-n-p-I.
8. akvPnZp_hnbn AhnSps {]nbIqpImv kemw
A[nIcnnpI.
9. aZo\bn shpmhp {]bmk anpI. Ah
{]ISammXncnpI.
10. aZo-\-msc BZ-cn-p-I.

aZo\Xp ap\dx a\ns a[pcw

29
aZo\bnse ki\
e-
aZo\bnse Hmtcm Xcnbpw Ncn{Xns emf\tbpd
]pWy`qanbmsWp \mw Ip. AXnhnsS hniZoIcn
m-s\m-cp-n-bm Bbn-c--W-n\v t]Pp-I C\nbpw
thn-hcpw. kqN\-Ifn-eqsS Hsc-n-t\mw \S-mw.
Pp _JoAv
akvPnZp_hnbpsS Ingp`mKv ]nbpsS J_
dpm t]mse hfsc ASpmbn nXnsNpp. ]Xn
\mbnctmfw kzlm_namcpsS J_dnSw ChnsSbmWv. Fm
Znhkhpw CXv kin- kp-mWv.
DlvZv ]Xw
akvPnZp_hnbn \nv GItZiw 5 Intemao
Zqcapv. "aivlZv lwk' F t]cnemWdnbsSpI. \_n
hHcn ]dp ""DlvZv ]Xw \mw AXns\bpw AXv
\sbpw kvt\lnpp.'' (,.. ,.: .i,)
""\nbw DlvZv ]Xw kzIhmSfn Hns
Nmc-p-mhpw''(_,,,)
NphsS ]dbphsbmw {][m\ tI{fmWv.
akvPnZp J_m, akvPnZp Jn_vessX\n, akvPnZp ^X
lv, akvPnZp Kama, akvPnZp PpanA, akvPnZp CPm
_, akvPnZp A_q Zdn K^mcn, akvPnZp _Kve, akvPn
Zp Zplpsse^, akvPnZp ^foJv, akvPnZp aKvke,
akvPnZp AJoJv, akvPnZp aivd_n Dn C_vdmlow.
_Zvdv iplZmAv
aZo\bnse {][m\ knbmdv tI{fn HmWv
aZo\Xp ap\dx a\ns a[pcw
30
_Zv co-fpsS aJv _-d. _Zv ipl-Zm--fpsS auenZv Ign-
m apAv an \o- - fn - . AtXm- Xp- tm- sgmw
AhnsSsbm sImXn- p hnizm- kn- I, Ah- cpsS
Xncplfvdn sNv knbmdv \SpXv {]tXyI A\p
`pXn XsbmWv.
aZo\bn \nv GItZiw 200 Intemao hgnZqcap
v. ]cn-Nbk--cmb Aao-dp-amsc kao-]n-m AhnsS
t]mIm FfpamWv. _Zv iplZmfn ]Xn\men ]Xn
aqv t]cpw ChnsSbmWv ad-s]v InS-p-Xv.
C\nbpw [mcmfw ki\ e aZo\bnepv.
A B ]pWy`qan-bn Fm-\p ku`mKyw \In A\p-
{K-ln--s. Bao

aZo\Xp ap\dx a\ns a[pcw

31
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aZo\Xp ap\dx a\ns a[pcw
1. IYbpw Imcyhpw,
Adnncnt CkvemanI hn[nI
2. ssIcfneqsS kz`mhw Xncndnb,
{Kmt^mfPn
3. Bcw`dkqh
hnkvabfpsS tim`\ Nn{X
4. apkv enans hnPb amw
5. \nkvImcw
efnXw, B[nImcnIw
6. IcpWbpsS \nemhv
7. hnip dafzm
8. Xncp\_nhbpsS
apAvPnkpI
9. Ifntep Xpd hmXn
10. {]ImiIw
11. aZo\Xp ap\dx
a\ns a[pcw
cNbnXmhns IrXnI