POETRY

TYPES OF POEMS

Today we will browse through

Poetic Genres the nature of poems

*NOTE: some call them types as well

Poetic Types the structure of poems
Poetic elements the mechanics of poems

Poetry Genres:
Mother Goose and Nursery Rhymes
Definition: Literary work in Form: Many different

metrical form or verse, the art of rhythmical composition, written or spoken, for exciting pleasure by beautiful, imaginative, or elevated thoughts.

forms of verse are included in traditional nursery rhymes, such as stories and riddles. Examples: Hark! Hark! The Dogs do Bark!; Pease Porridge Hot; One, Two, Buckle My Shoe; Hush Little Baby; Pat-A-Cake

Nursery and Folk Songbooks

Examples
Collection of traditional and modern verses and their musical notations illustrated Rock a-Bye Baby Hey Diddle Diddle Pussycat Pussycat Twinkle Twinkle Little

Star Georgie Porgie

Ballads
Definition: Literary works that are narrative poetry and tell a story. Form: Many different forms to write different types of ballads.

More poetic genres

Lyrical describes beauty Ode lyrical, addresses something, sung Didactic has strong message Ballad tells a story Elegy sad , usually sung for / about the dead

(Requiem mass for dead accompanied by music)

Dirge sung at funerals Epitaph written on tombstones Narrative tells story Dramatic talks to an audience Slam poetry expresses anger /protest (performed)

SLAM POETRY
Dear neighbors who live in my hood, I'm not sure why you think it's good to let you preshush furry babies poo in my yard and not wrap the doo. Take it away, I don't like your gift. I don't need puppy pee and shit. I have a 8 month old baby boy who's own loaded diapers fill me with joy. Hm...Maybe they'd fill you with joy too! Leave your address and the next time he poos, I'll bring that steamy diaper by your place, and fling it on your lawn, honk my horn and say, "Take that you tacky people who won't clean up after your animal and leave dog CRAP on someone else's property. You suck!!"
-Stacey Jay c. 2009

Types (Focus is Structure)

Free Verse
Definition: Literary work of

Concrete
Definition: Literary work in

poetry that is written without proper rules about form, rhyme, rhythm, or meter. Form: Lacks rhyme and has less predictable rhythm. Examples: Fog; Out of the Dust; Leaves of Grass; Seashells

verse in which the words and phrases are arranged on paper to capture and extend the meaning. Each line should be a complete unit of thought. Form: The text itself forms a visible picture on the page.

Triplet
Definition: Literary work in metrical form or verse that

has three lines. Most often the three lines rhyme. Some triplets have only two rhymed lines with different patterns. . Form: 3 rhyming lines or 2 rhyming lines. Example: 2 rhyming lines Example: 3 rhyming lines triplet triplet - Football is the game for me Down by the lake - The stadium is a great place Grandpa and I drop a line to be Then have lots of fish to take. - Touchdowns are what I like to see.

Haiku
Definition: Literary work in metrical form or verse, that is an unrhymed Japanese poem with

three lines and a specific syllable pattern. Haikus theme is usually nature. Form: Line #1: 5 syllables Line #2: 7 syllables Line #3: 5 syllables Example: An old silent pond From leaf to leaf hops a frog Looking for a meal

Cinquain
Definition: Literary work in metrical form or verse that has

five lines. Form: Line #1: Subject Line #2: Two describing words Line #3: -ing words about what the subject does Line #4: A sentence about the subject Line #5: Another name for the subject Example: Spider Furry, black Climbing, spinning, weaving They make an intricate web Tarantula

Limericks
Definition: Literary work in metrical form or verse, the art of

rhythmical composition, written or spoken, for exciting pleasure by beautiful, imaginative, or elevated thoughts. A limerick is a very short but funny poem. There is a rhyme and rhythm pattern that makes it flow smoothly.

Form: Lines 1,2 and 5: rhyme and have eight to

ten syllables. Lines 3 and 4: rhyme and have five to seven syllables.
Example: There once was a tycoon from New York

Who thought he could eat all foods with a fork Ice cream gave him some trouble His problem seemed to double When he tried sipping champagne from the cork.

Diamante

Definition: Literary work in metrical form or verse, which has seven lines. The form is written about two opposite subjects and makes a comparison between them by moving from one to the other. Subjects might include war-peace, fire-ice, hot cold, etc. Form: Line #1: 1 noun that names the first subject Line #2: 2 adjectives that describe the first subject Line #3: 3 ing words that are related to the first subject Line #4: 4 nouns: the first 2 related to the first subject (line 1) & the second 2 related to the second subject (line 7) Line #5: 3 ing words that are related to the second subject Line #6: 2 adjectives that describe the second subject Line #7: 1 noun that names the second subject

Shakespearean Sonnet
Has fixed form 14 lines with 3 rhyming stanzas and a rhyming couplet 4 lines 4 lines 4 lines 2 lines

Petrarchan Sonnet
First developed by Italian humanist and

writer, Francesco Petrarca The original Italian sonnet form divides the poem's 14 lines into two parts, an octave (first eight lines) and a sestet (last six lines). rhyme scheme for the octave is typically a b b a a b b a. the sestet is more flexible. Petrarch typically used c d e c d e or c d c d c d for the sestet.

Octave
The octave's purpose is to introduce a

problem, express a desire, reflect on reality, or otherwise present a situation that causes doubt or conflict within the speaker. It usually does this by introducing the problem within its first quatrain (unified fourline section) and developing it in the second.

What lips my lips have kissed, and where, and why, a I have forgotten, and what arms have lain b Under my head till morning; but the rain b Is full of ghosts tonight, that tap and sigh a Upon the glass and listen for reply; a And in my heart there stirs a quiet pain b For unremembered lads that not again b Will turn to me at midnight with a cry. a Thus in the winter stands a lonely tree, c Nor knows what birds have vanished one by one, d Yet know its boughs more silent than before: e I cannot say what loves have come and gone; d I only know that summer sang in me c A little while, that in me sings no more. e

Sestet
The beginning of the sestet is known as the

volta, and it introduces a pronounced change in tone in the sonnet; the change in rhyme scheme marks the turn. The sestet's purpose as a whole is to make a comment on the problem or to apply a solution to it. The pair are separate but usually used to reinforce a unified argument

Others
Word poems Name poems Acrostic poems Bio poems Shape poems

ELEMENTS IN POETRY
Subject matter what the poem is literally

about. E.g. I know why the caged bird sings sad songs (Its about a bird in a cage that sings)

Theme The meaning or message that arises from a poem. There could be multiple meanings in a single poem. E.g. It is about freedom /the freedom of choice/ oppression of the Black Americans

 Poet the author of the poem Persona the character in the poem

Rhyme Scheme
There once was a tycoon from New York

Who thought he could eat all foods with a fork Ice cream gave him some trouble His problem seemed to double When he tried sipping champagne from the cork. Rhyme scheme: a,a,b,b,a Note: Sounds not spelling

Literary Devices
Personification human attributes given to a non-human subject. E.g. The skies cried that

day Metaphor direct comparison of two dissimilar things. E.g. My teacher is a real tiger. Simile - indirect comparison of two dissimilar things. E.g. My teacher is like a tiger.

 Assonance the repetition of vowel sounds.

E.g. call the hall to a halt with a ball

Alliteration the repetition of consonant

sounds. E.g. fancy finding a baffling bluff Onomatopoeia the word sounds like what it means- hiss, buzz, cooed, fizzle

 Repetition E.g.lonely, lonely, lonely Hyperbole overstatement .e.g. My mother Irony a contrast or a discrepancy of some

sort. Verbal e.g . He know nothin bout no English Situational e.g. Marie: Let them eat cake! Dramatic e.g. Triffles

Tone & Mood

Tone- Aspects of a work that reveals an

authors / poets attitude. E.g. playful, angry, mocking, sarcastic, sombre, melancholic etc
Mood The atmosphere evoked or created

Imagery
Pictures created by using Sensory Details.
sensory details - language that appeals to any one of the five senses

Sight Smell Touch

Sound Taste

LITERAL IMAGES

SYMBOLIC IMAGES

IMAGERY
SENSUOUS IMAGERY FIGURATIVE IMAGES COLOURS SHAPES MOVEMENTS

SOUNDS RHYTHM RHYME

Thank You