Chapter 13

Problem Solutions
13.1

Computer Simulation

13.2

Computer Simulation

13.3

Ad = g m1 ro 2 ro 4 Ri 6

(a)

g m1 =

I C1
20
=
0.769 mA / V
VT 0.026

ro 2 =

VA 2 80
=
= 4 M
I C 2 20

ro 4 =

VA 4 80
=
= 4 M
I C 2 20

Ri 6 = r 6 + (1 + n ) R1 r 7
(120)(0.026)
r 7 =
= 15.6 k
0.2
V (on) 0.6
=
= 0.030 mA
I C 6 BE
20
R1
(120)(0.026)
= 104 k
0.030

r 6 =

Then
Ri 6 = 104 + (121) 20 15.6 1.16 M
Then

Ad = 769 4 4 1.16 Ad = 565

Now
R1
Vo = I c 7 ro 7 = ( n I b 7 )ro 7 = n ro 7
R1 + r 7

Ic6

R1
Vo1
= n (1 + n )ro 7
I b 6 and I b 6 =
+
R
r
Ri 6
1 7
Then
n (1 + n )ro 7 R1
V
Av 2 = o =

Vo1
Ri 6
R1 + r 7
ro 7 =

VA
80
=
= 400 k
I C 7 0.2

So
Av 2 =

(120)(121)(400) 20

Av 2 = 2813
1160
20 + 15.6

Overall gain = Ad Av 2 = (565)(2813) A = 1.59 106

(b)

Rid = 2r 1 and r 1 =

(80)(0.026)
= 104 k
0.020

Rid = 208 k

(c)

f PD =

1
and CM = (10)(1 + 2813) = 28,140 pF
2 Req CM

Req = ro 2 ro 4 Ri 6 = 4 4 1.16 = 0.734 M

f PD =

1
= 7.71 Hz
2 (0.734 10 )(28,140 1012 )
6

Gain-Bandwidth Product = (7.71)(1.59 106 ) 12.3 MHz

13.4
a.
b.

Q3 acts as the protection device.

Same as part (a).

13.5
If we assume VBE (on) = 0.7 V, then Vin = 0.7 + 0.7 + 50 + 5
So breakdown voltage 56.4 V.
13.6
(a)

I REF =

15 0.6 0.6 (15)

= 0.50 R5 = 57.6 k
R5

I
I C10 R4 = VT ln REF
I C10
0.026 0.50
R4 =
ln
R4 = 2.44 k
0.030 0.030
5 0.6 0.6 (5)
I REF = 0.153 mA
57.6
0.153
I C10 (2.44) = (0.026) ln

I C10

(b)

I REF =

By trial and error, I C10 21.1 A

13.7
(a)

I REF 0.50 mA

I
0.50 103
VBE = VT ln REF = (0.026) ln
VBE11 = 0.641V = VEB12
14
10

IS
Then
15 0.641 0.641 (15)
R5 = 57.4 k
R5 =
0.50
0.026 0.50
ln
R4 =
R4 = 2.44 k
0.030 0.030
0.030 103
VBE10 = 0.026 ln
VBE10 = 0.567 V
14
10

(b)

From Problem 13.6, I REF 0.15 mA

0.15 103
VBE11 = VEB12 = 0.026 ln
= 0.609 V
14
10

5 0.609 0.609 (5)

I REF = 0.153 mA
Then I REF =
57.4
Then I C10 21.1 A from Problem 13.6

13.8
5 0.6 0.6 (5)
I REF = 0.22 mA
40
I
I C10 R4 = VT ln REF
I C10

a.

I REF =

0.22
I C10 (5) = (0.026) ln

I C10

By trial and error;

I C10 14.2 A
I C10
I C 6 = 7.10 A
2
= 0.75 I REF I C17 = 0.165 mA

IC 6
I C17

I C13 A = 0.25I REF I C13 A = 0.055 mA

(b)
Using Example 13.4
r 17 = 31.5 k
RE = 50 [31.5 + (201)(0.1)] = 50 51.6 = 25.4 k
r 16 =

nVT
I C16

and

0.165 (0.165)(0.1) + 0.6

+
= 0.0132 mA
200
50
r 16 = 394 k
Then
Ri 2 = 394 + (201)(25.4) 5.5 M
r 6 = 732 k
0.00710
gm6 =
= 0.273 mA / V
0.026
50
r06 =
= 7.04 M
0.0071
Then
Ract1 = 7.04[1 + (0.273)(1 732)] = 8.96 M
50
r04 =
= 7.04 M
0.0071
Then
7.1
Ad =
(7.04 8.96 5.5)
0.026
or
Ad = 627 Gain of differential amp stage
I C16 =

Using Example 13.5, and neglecting the input resistance to the output stage:
V
50
Ract 2 = A =
= 303 k
I C13 B 0.165
Av 2 =

(200)(201)(50)(303) (303)

(5500)[50 + 31.5 + (201)(0.1)]

or
Av 2 = 545 Gain of second stage

13.9
I C10 = 19 A
From Equation (13.6)
2 + 2 P + 2
(10) 2 + 2(10) + 2
=
2
I C10 = 2 I P2
I

2
(10) + 3(10) + 2
P + 3 P + 2
122
= 2I

132

So
132
2 I = (19)
= 20.56 A
122
I C 2 = I = 10.28 A

IC 9 =

I B9

2I

20.56
I C 9 = 17.13 A
2

+
1

10

2
1 +

P
I
17.13
= C9 =
I B 9 = 1.713 A
P
10

IB4 =

10.28
I
=
I B 4 = 0.9345 A
(1 + P )
11

IC 4 = I P
1+ P

10
= (10.28) I C 4 = 9.345 A
11

13.10
VB 5 V = VBE (on) + I C 5 (1)
= 0.6 + (0.0095)(1) = 0.6095
0.6095
IC 7 =
I C 7 = 12.2 A
50
I C 8 = I C 9 = 19 A
I REF = 0.72 mA
I E13 = I REF = 0.72 mA
I C14 = 138 A
Power = (V + V ) [ I C 7 + I C 8 + I C 9 + I REF + I E13 + I C14 ]
= 30[0.0122 + 0.019 + 0.019 + 0.72 + 0.72 + 0.138]
Power = 48.8 mW
Current supplied by V + and V = I C 7 + I C 8 + I C 9 + I REF + I E13 + I C14
= 1.63 mA

13.11
(a)

vcm (min) = 15 + 0.6 + 0.6 + 0.6 + 0.6 = 12.6 V

vcm (max) = +15 .6 = 14.4 V

So 12.6 vcm 14.4 V

(b)

vcm (min) = 5 + 4(0.6) = 2.6 V

vcm (max) = 5 0.6 = 4.4 V

So 2.6 vcm 4.4 V
13.12
If v0 = V = 15 V , the base voltage of Q14 is pulled low, and Q18 and Q19 are effectively cut off. As
a first approximation
0.6
I C14 =
= 22.2 mA
0.027
22.2
I B14 =
= 0.111 mA
200
Then
I C15 = I C13 A I B14 = 0.18 0.111 = 0.069 mA
Now
I
VBE15 = VT ln C15
15
0.069 103
= (0.026) ln

14
10

= 0.589 V

As a second approximation
0.589
I C14 =
I C14 = 21.8 mA
0.027
21.8
I B14 =
= 0.109 mA
200
and
I C15 = 0.18 0.109 I C15 = 0.071 mA
13.13
a.
Neglecting base currents:
I D = I BIAS
Then
I
VBB = 2VD = 2VT ln D
IS
0.25 103
= 2(0.026) ln
14
2 10

or
VBB = 1.2089 V
V / 2
I CN = I CP = I S exp BB
VT
1.2089
= 5 1014 exp

2(0.026)
So
I CN = I CP = 0.625 mA

For vI = 5 V, v0 5 V

b.

5
= 1.25 mA
4
As a first approximation
I CN iL = 1.25 mA
iL

1.25 103
VBEN = (0.026) ln
= 0.6225 V
14
5 10

Neglecting base currents,

VBB = 1.2089 V

Then VEBP = 1.2089 0.6225 = 0.5864 V

0.5864
I CP = 5 1014 exp
I CP = 0.312 mA
0.026
As a second approximation,
I CN = iL + I CP = 1.25 + 0.31 I CN 1.56 mA

13.14
R1 + R2 =

VBB
1.157
=
= 64.28 k
(0.1) I BIAS 0.018

I
VBE = VT ln C
IS

(0.9) I BIAS
= (0.026) ln

IS

0.162 103
= (0.026) ln

14
10

VBE = 0.6112 V
R2
VBE =
VBB
R1 + R2
R
0.6112 = 2 (1.157)
64.28
So
R2 = 33.96 k

Then
R1 = 30.32 k
13.15

Ad = g m ro 4 ro 6 Ri 2

(a)

From example 13.4

9.5
gm =
= 365 A / V , ro 4 = 5.26 M
0.026
Now
ro 6 = ro 4 = 5.26 M
Assuming R8 = 0, we find
Ri 2 = r 16 + (1 + n ) RE
= 329 + (201) ( 50 9.63) 1.95 M

Then

Ad = (365) 5.26 5.26 1.95 Ad = 409

(b)
Av 2 =

From Equation (13.20),

n (1 + n ) R9 Ract 2 Ri 3 R017

Ri 2 R9 + r 17 + (1 + n ) Rg

For Rg = 0, Ri 2 = 1.95 M
Using the results of Example 13.5
Av 2 =

200(201)(50) 92.6 4050 92.6

(1950){50 + 9.63}

)A

v2

= 792

13.16
Let I C10 = 40 A, then I C1 = I C 2 = 20 A. Using Example 13.5,
Ri 2 = 4.07 M
(200)(0.026)
= 260 k
0.020
0.020
gm6 =
= 0.769 mA/V
0.026
50
r06 =
2.5 M
0.02
Then
Ract1 = 2.5[1 + (0.769)(1 260)] = 4.42 M
50
2.5 M
r06 =
0.02
Then
r 6 =

 I CQ
Ad =
(r04 Ract1 Ri 2 )
VT
20
=
(2.5 4.42 4.07)
0.026
So
Ad = 882

13.17
From Problem 13.8
I1 = I 2 = 7.10 A, I C17 = 0.165 mA, I C13 A = 0.055 mA
I C16 I B17 +

I E17 R8 + VBE17
R9

0.165 (0.165)(0.1) + 0.6

+
200
50

= 0.000825 + 0.01233

I C16 = 0.0132 mA
(200)(0.026)
= 31.5 K
0.165
RE1 = R9 [ r 17 + (1 + ) R8 ] = 50 [31.5 + (201)(0.1)]

r 17 =

= 50 51.6 = 25.4 K
r 16 =

(200)(0.026)
= 394 K
0.0132

Then
Ri 2 = r 16 + (1 + ) RE1 = 394 + (201)(25.4) 5.50 M
Now
(200)(0.026)
r 6 =
= 732 K
0.0071
0.0071
gm6 =
= 0.273 mA/V
0.026
50
ro 6 =
7.04 M
0.0071
Ract1 = ro 6 [1 + g m 6 ( R r 6 )]
= 7.04[1 + (0.273)(1 732)] = 8.96 M
50
ro 4 =
7.04 M
0.0071
Then
Ad = g m1 (ro 4 Ract1 Ri 2 )
7.10
=
(7.04 8.96 5.5)
0.026
Ad = 627

50
50
303 K Ro17 =
= 303 K
0.165
0.165
From Eq. (13.20), assuming Ri 3

Now Ract 2 =

Av 2
=

(1 + ) R9 ( Ract 2 R017 )
Ri 2 { R9 + [r 17 + (1 + ) R8 ]}
(200)(201)(50)(303 303)

(5500)[50 + 31.5 + (201)(0.1)]

Av 2 = 545

3.045 108
5.588 105

Overall gain Av = (627)(545) = 341, 715

13.18
Using results from 13.17
100
Ri 2 = 5.50 M, Ract1
[1 + (0.273)(1 732)] 17.93 M
0.0071
100
14.08 M
ro 4 =
0.0071
7.10
Ad =
(14.08 17.93 5.50)
0.026
Ad = 885
Now
100
100
Ract 2 =
= 606 K Ro17 =
= 606 K
0.165
0.165
(200)(201)(50)(606 606)
6.09 108
Av 2 =
=
(5500)[50 + 31.5 + (201)(0.1)] 5.588 105
Av 2 = 1090
Overall gain
Av = (885)(1090) = 964, 650
13.19
Now
Re14 =

r 14 + R01
and R0 = R6 + Re14
1+ P

Assume series resistance of Q18 and Q19 is small. Then

R01 = r013 A Re 22

where Re 22 =

r 22 + R017 r013 B
1+ P

and R017 = r017 [1 + g m17 ( R8 r 17 )]

Using results from Example 13.6,
r 17 = 9.63 k
r 22 = 7.22 k
g m17 = 20.8 mA/V r017 = 92.6 k
Then
R017 = 92.6[1 + (20.8)(0.1 9.63)] = 283 k
50
r013 B =
= 92.6 k
0.54
Then
7.22 + 283 92.6
= 1.51 k
Re 22 =
51
R01 = r013 A Re 22 = 278 1.51 = 1.50 k
(50)(0.026)
= 0.65 k
r 14 =
2
Then
0.65 + 1.50
Re14 =
= 0.0422 k
51
or
Re14 = 42.2
Then
R0 = 42.2 + 27 R0 = 69.2
13.20


r
Rid = 2 r 1 + (1 + n ) 3
1+ P

n = 200, P = 10
(a)
I C1 = 9.5 A

(200)(0.026)
= 547 K
0.0095
(10)(0.026)
r 3 =
= 27.4 K
0.0095
Then
(201)(27.4)

Rid = 2 547 +

11

Rid 2.095 M
r 1 =

(b)
I C1 = 7.10 A
(200)(0.026)
r 1 =
= 732 K
0.0071
(10)(0.026)
r 3 =
= 36.6 K
0.0071
(201)(36.6)

Rid = 2 732 +

11

Rid 2.80 M
13.21
We can write
A0

f
f
1 + j
1 + j
f PD
f1

181, 260
=
f
f

1 + j
1 + j
10.7
f1

Phase:
f
1 f
= tan 1
tan
10.7
f1
A( f ) =

For a Phase margin = 70, = 110

So
f
1 f
110 = tan 1
tan
10.7
f1
Assuming f  10.7, we have
f
f
tan 1 = 20 = 0.364
f1
f1
At this frequency, A( f ) = 1, so

1=

181, 260
2

f
2
1+
1 + (0.364)
10.7
170,327
2

f
1+

10.7
f
= 170,327 f = 1.82 MHz
or
10.7
Then, second pole at
f
f1 =
f1 = 5 MHz
0.364

13.22
a.

Original g m1 and g m 2

W C
K p1 = K p 2 = P ox = (12.5)(10)
L 2
= 125 A / V 2
So
IQ
g m1 = g m 2 = 2 K p1
2

= 2 (0.125)(10)
= 0.09975 mA/V

W
If is increased to 50, then
L
K p1 = K p 2 = (50)(10) = 500 A / V 2

So
g m1 = g m 2 = 2 (0.5)(0.0199) = 0.1995 mA/V
b.
Gain of first stage
Ad = g m1 (r02 r04 ) = (0.1995)(5025 5025)

or
Ad = 501
Voltage gain of second stage remains the same, or
Av 2 = 251
Then Av = Ad Av 2 = (501)(251)
or
Ad = 125, 751
13.24
a.

K p = (10)(20) = 200 A / V 2 = 0.2 mA / V 2

I REF = I SET

10 VSG (10)
200
= k P (VSG 1.5) 2
=

2
20 VSG = (0.2)(200)(VSG
3VSG + 2.25)
2
40VSG
119VSG + 70 = 0

VSG =

Then

119 (119) 2 4(40)(70)

VSG = 2.17 V
2(40)

20 2.17
I REF = 89.2 A
200
M 5 , M 6 , M 8 matched transistors so that
I REF =

I Q = I D 7 = I REF = 89.2 A

b.
Small-signal voltage gain of input stage:
Ad = 2 K p1 I Q ( ro 2 ro 4 )
1
= 1.12 M
89.2
(0.02)

2
1
1
r04 =
=
= 2.24 M
n I D
89.2
(0.01)

2
Then
Ad = 2(200)(89.2) (1.12 2.24)
r02 =

1
=
P I D

or
Ad = 141
Small-signal voltage gain of second stage:
Av 2 = g m 7 (r07 r08 )
K n 7 = (20)(20) = 400 A / V 2
So
g m 7 = 2 K n 7 I D 7 = 2 (0.4)(0.0892) = 0.378 mA/V
1
1
r08 =
=
= 561 k
P I D 7 (0.02)(0.0892)
r07 =

n I D 7

1
= 1121 k
(0.01)(0.0892)

So
Av 2 = (0.378)(1121 561) Av 2 = 141
Then overall voltage gain
Av = Ad Av 2 = (141)(141) Av = 19,881
13.25
Small-signal voltage gain of input stage:
Ad = 2 K p1 I Q ( ro 2 ro 4 )
K p1 = (10)(10) = 100 A / V 2
1
1
=
= 1000 k
I

0.2
P Q (0.01)

2
2
1
1
r04 =
=
= 2000 k
IQ
0.2
(0.005)
n

2
2
r02 =

Then
Ad = 2(0.1)(0.2) (1000 2000)
or
Ad = 133
Small-signal voltage gain of second stage:
Av 2 = g m 7 ( r07 r08 )
K n 7 = (20)(20) = 400 A / V 2
So

g m 7 = 2 K n 7 I D 7 = 2 (0.4)(0.2) = 0.566 mA/V

1
1
r08 =
=
= 500 k
P I D 7 (0.01)(0.2)
r07 =

n I D 7

1
= 1000 k
(0.005)(0.2)

So
Av 2 = (0.566)(1000 500) Av 2 = 189
Then overall voltage gain is
Av = Ad Av 2 = (133)(189) Av = 25,137
13.26
f PD =

1
2 Req Ci

where Req = r04 r02 and Ci = C1 (1 + Av 2 )

We can find that
Av 2 = 251 and r04 = r02 = 5.025 M
Now
Req = 5.025 5.025 = 2.51 M
and
Ci = 12(1 + 251) = 3024 pF
So
1
f PD =
2 (2.51 106 )(3024 1012 )
or
f PD = 21.0 Hz
13.27
f PD =

1
2 Req Ci

where Req = r04 r02

From Problem 13.22,
r02 = 1.12 M, r04 = 2.24 M and Av 2 = 141
So
1
8=
2 (1.12 2.24) 106 Ci
or
Ci = 2.66 108 = C1 (1 + Av 2 ) = C1 (142)
or
C1 = 188 pF
13.28
R0 = r07 r08
We can find that
r07 = r08 = 2.52 M
Then
R0 = 2.52 2.52
or
R0 = 1.26 M

13.29
a.

V0 = ( g m1Vgs1 )(r01 r02 )

VI = Vgs1 + V0

Then V0 = g m1 (r01 r02 )(VI V0 )

or
Av =

g m1 (r01 r02 )
1 + g m1 (r01 r02 )

b.

I X + g m1Vgs1 =

VX VX
and Vgs1 = VX
+
r02 r01

R0 =

1
r r
g m1 01 02

13.30
(a)

(b)

2
80
I Q 2 = (20) [1.1737 0.7 ]
2
I Q 2 = 180 A
2
80
I D 6 = (25) (VGS 6 0.7 ) = 25 VGS 6 = 0.8581 V
2
2
40
I D 7 = (50) (VSG 7 0.7 ) = 25 VSG 7 = 0.8581 V
2

Set
VSG 8 P = VGS 8 N = 0.8581 V
40 W
W
180 = (0.8581 0.7) 2 = 360
2 L 8 P
L 8 P
80 W
W
180 = (0.8581 0.7) 2 = 180
2 L 8 N
L 8 N

13.31

VGS11

2
80
200 = (20) (VGS 11 0.7 )
2
VGS 11 = 1.20 V

Let M 12 = 2 transistors in series. Than

5 1.20
= 1.90 V
2
2
80 W
W
W
200 = (1.90 0.7 ) = = 3.47
L
L
2
12
12 A L 12 B

VGS12 =

13.32
(a)
2
80
I Q 2 = 250 A = (5) (VGS 8 0.7 )
2
VGS 8 = 1.818 V
1.818
VGS 6 = VSG 7 =
= 0.909 V
2
80
I D 6 = I D 7 = (25)(0.909 0.7) 2 = 43.7 A
2
(b)

80
250
g m1 = 2 (15)
0.5477 mA/V
2
2
1
ro 2 =
= 800 K
( 0.01)( 0.125)

r04 =

= 533.3K

( 0.015)( 0.125)
Ad 1 = g m1 ( ro 2 ro 4 ) = ( 0.5477 ) ( 800

Ad 1 = 175
Second stage:

533.3)

A2 = g m 5 (ro 5 ro 9 )
40
g m 5 = 2 (80)(250) 1.265 mA/V
2
1
r05 =
= 266.7 K
(0.015)(0.25)
1
r09 =
= 400 K
(0.01)(0.25)
A2 = (1.265)(266.7 400)
A2 = 202
Assume the gain of the output stage 1, then
Av = Ad 1 A2 = (175)(202)
Av = 35,350

13.33
(a)

Ad = g m1 ( Ro 6 Ro8 )

g m1 = 2 K n I DQ = 2 (0.5)(0.025) 224 A / V
g m1 = g m8
g m 6 = 2 (0.5)(0.025) 224 A / V
ro1 = ro 6 = ro8 = ro10 =
ro 4 =

1
1
=
= 2.67 M
I DQ (0.015)(25)

1
1
=
1.33 M
I D 4 ( 0.015 )( 50 )

Now
Ro8 = g m8 (ro8 ro10 ) = (224)(2.67)(2.67) = 1597 M
Ro 6 = g m 6 (ro 6 )(ro 4 ro1 ) = (224)(2.67)(2.67 1.33) Ro 6 = 531 M
Then
Ad = (224)(531 1597) Ad = 89, 264
(b)

Ro = Ro 6 Ro8 = 531 1597 Ro = 398 M

(c)

f PD =

1
1
=
f PD = 80 Hz
2 Ro CL 2 ( 398 106 )( 5 1012 )

GBW = (89, 264)(80) GBW = 7.14 MHz

13.34
(a)
ro1 = ro8 = ro10 =
ro 6 =
ro 4 =

n I D

1
1
=
= 2 M
p I D (0.02)(25)

1
= 2.67 M
(0.015)(25)

1
1
=
= 1.33 M
n I D 4 (0.015)(50)

35 W
W
g m1 = 2 (25) = 41.8 = g m8
2 L 1
L 1
80 W
W
g m 6 = 2 (25) = 63.2
2 L 6
L 6
Ro = Ro 6 Ro8 = [ g m 6 (ro 6 )(ro 4 ro1 )] [ g m8 (ro8 ro10 )]

W
W
Define X 1 = and X 6 =
L
1
L 6
Then
Ro = 63.2 X 6 ( 2.67 ) (1.33 2 ) 41.8 X 1 ( 2 )( 2 )
22,539 X 1 X 6
= 134.8 X 6 167.2 X 1 =
134.8 X 6 + 167.2 X 1
Ad = g m1 Ro

22,539 X 1 X 6

= (41.8 X 1 )

134.8
167.2
X
+
X
6
1

= 10, 000

1 W
W
Now X 6 = =
= 0.674 X 1
L
2.2
6
L 1
We then find
W
W
X 12 = = 4.06 =
L 1
L p

and
W
= 1.85
L n
13.35
Let V + = 5V , V = 5V
P = IT (10) = 3 IT = 0.3 mA I REF = 0.1 mA = 100 A
1
ro1 = ro8 = ro10 =
= 1 M
(0.02)(50)
1
ro 6 =
= 1.33 M
(0.015)(50)
1
ro 4 =
= 0.667 M
(0.015)(100)
35 W
g m1 = 2 (50) = 59.2 X 1 = g m8
2 L 1
W
where X 1 =
L 1
Assume all width-to-length ratios are the same.
80 W
g m 6 = 2 (50) = 89.4 X 1
2 L
Now
Ro = Ro 6 Ro8 = g m 6 ( ro 6 ) ( ro 4 ro1 ) g m8 ( ro8 ro10 )

= 89.4 X 1 (1.33) ( 0.667 1) 59.2 X 1 (1)(1)

( 47.6 X 1 )( 59.2 X 1 )
= [ 47.6 X 1 ] [59.2 X 1 ] =
47.6 X 1 + 59.2 X 1

So Ro = 26.4 X 1
Now
Ad = g m1 Ro = ( 59.2 X 1 )( 26.4 X 1 ) = 25, 000
So that X 12 =
13.36

W
= 16 for all transistors
L

(a)

Ad = Bg m1 (ro 6 ro8 )
ro 6 = ro8 =

1
1
=
= 0.741 M
I DQ (0.015)(90)

k W
g m1 = 2 n I D1 = 2 (500)(30) = 245 A / V
2 L
Ad = (3)(245)(0.741 0.741) Ad = 272

(b)

Ro = ro 6 ro8 = 0.741 0.741 Ro = 371 k

(c)

f PD =

1
1
=
f PD = 85.8 kHz
2 Ro C 2 (371 103 )(5 1012 )

GBW = (272)(85.8 103 ) GBW = 23.3 MHz

13.37
(a)

1
= 0.5 M
(0.02)(2.5)(40)
1
ro8 =
= 0.667 M
(0.015)(2.5)(40)
Ad = Bg m1 ( ro 6 ro8 )

ro 6 =

400 = (2.5) g m1 ( 0.5 0.667 ) g m1 = 560 A / V

80 W
W
g m1 = 560 = 2 (40) = 49
2 L
L
Assume all (W/L) ratios are the same except for
W W
M 5 and M 6 . = = 122.5
L 5 L 6

(b)
Assume the bias voltages are
V + = 5V , V = 5V .

W
W
Assume = = 49
L A L B
80
I Q = (49)(VGSA 0.5) 2 = 80 VGSA = 0.702 V
2
Then
80 W
I REF = 80 = (VGSC 0.5) 2
2 L C
For four transistors

10 0.702
= 2.325 V
4
80 W
W
80 = (2.325 0.5) 2 = 0.60
2 L C
L C

VGSC =

(c)

f 3 dB =

1
2 Ro C

Ro = 0.5 0.667 = 0.286 M

1
= 185 kHz
2 (286 103 )(3 1012 )
GBW = (400)(185 103 ) 74 MHz
f 3 dB =

13.38
(a)
From previous results, we can write
Ro10 = g m10 (ro10 ro 6 )
Ro12 = g m12 (ro12 ro8 )
Ad = Bg m1 ( Ro10 Ro12 )
Now
ro10 = ro 6 =

1
1
=
= 0.5 M
(0.02)(2.5)(40)
P B ( I Q / 2 )

ro12 = ro8 =

1
1
=
= 0.667 M
(0.015)(2.5)(40)
n B ( I Q / 2 )

Assume all transistors have the same width-to-length ratios except for M 5 and M 6 .
W
Let
L
Then

2
= X

k p W
35
g m10 = 2 ( I DQ10 ) = 2 X 2 (2.5)(40)
2
2 L 10
= 83.67 X
k W
80
g m12 = 2 n ( I DQ12 ) = 2 X 2 (2.5)(40)
2
2 L 12
= 126.5 X
80
g m1 = 2 X 2 (40) = 80 X
2
Then
Ro10 = (83.67 X )(0.5)(0.5) = 20.9 X M

Ro12 = (126.5 X )(0.667)(0.667) = 56.3 X M

We want
20, 000 = (2.5)(80 X )[20.9 X 56.3 X ]
(20.9 X )(56.3 X )
2
= 200 X
= 3048 X
20.9 X + 56.3 X

Then
W
X 2 = 6.56 =
L
Then
W W
= = (2.5)(6.56) = 16.4
L 6 L 5

(b)

Assume bias voltages are V + = 5V , V = 5V

W
W
Assume = = 6.56
L A L B
80
I Q = 80 = (6.56)(VGSA 0.5) 2 VGSA = 1.052 V
2
Need 5 transistors in series
10 1.052
VGSC =
= 1.79 V
5
Then
80 W
W
I REF = 80 = (1.79 0.5) 2 = 1.20
2 L C
L C

(c)

f 3 dB =

1
where Ro = Ro10 Ro12
2 Ro C

Now
Ro10 = 20.9 6.56 = 53.5 M
Ro12 = 56.3 6.56 = 144 M
Then
Ro = 53.5 144 = 39 M
1
= 1.36 kHz
2 (39 106 )(3 1012 )
GBW = (20, 000)(1.36 x103 ) GBW = 27.2 MHz
f 3 dB =

13.39
Ad = g m ( M 2 ) ro 2 ( M 2 ) ro 2 (Q2 )
40
g m ( M 2 ) = 2 (25)(100) = 447 A / V
2
1
1
ro 2 ( M 2 ) =
=
= 500 k
I DQ (0.02)(0.1)
ro 2 (Q2 ) =

VA 120
=
= 1200 k
I CQ 0.1

Then
Ad = 447(0.5 1.2) Ad = 158
13.40

Ad = g m ( M 2 ) ro 2 ( M 2 ) ro 2 (Q2 )

80
g m ( M 2 ) = 2 (25)(100) = 632 A / V
2
1
1
ro 2 ( M 2 ) =
=
= 667 k
I DQ (0.015)(0.1)
VA
80
=
= 800 k
I CQ 0.1

ro 2 (Q2 ) =

Ad = (632) ( 0.667 0.80 ) Ad = 230

13.41
(a)

I REF = 200 A
Ad = g m1 ( Ro 6 Ro8 )

K n = K p = 0.5 mA / V 2

n = p = 0.015 V 1

where
Ro8 = g m8 (ro8 ro10 )
Ro 6 = g m 6 (ro 6 ) ( ro 4 ro1 )
Now
g m8 = 2 K P I D 8 = 2 (0.5)(0.1) = 0.447 mA/V
1
1
ro8 =
=
= 667 k
P I D 8 (0.015)(0.1)
ro10 =

1
= 667 k
P I D 8

gm6 =

IC 6
0.1
=
= 3.846 mA/V
0.026
VT

ro 6 =

VA
80
=
= 800 k
I C 6 0.1

ro 4 =

1
1
=
= 333 k
n I D 4 (0.015)(0.2)

ro1 =

p I D1

1
= 667 k
(0.015)(0.1)

g m1 = 2 K P I D1 = 2 (0.5)(0.1) = 0.447 mA/V

So
Ro8 = (0.447)(667)(667) 198.9 M
Ro 6 = (3.846)(800)(333 667) 683.4 M

Then
Ad = 447(198.9 683.4) Ad = 68,865
13.42
Assume biased at V + = 10V , V = 10V .
P = 3I REF (20) = 10 I REF = 167 A
Ad = g m1 ( Ro 6 Ro8 ) = 25, 000
kn = 80 A / V 2 , k p = 35 A / V 2

n = 0.015V 1 , p = 0.02 V 1
W
W
Assume = 2.2
L
p
L n

Ro8 = g m8 ( ro8 ro10 )

Ro 6 = g m 6 (ro 6 )(ro 4 ro1 )
ro8 =
ro10 =

P I D 8
1

P I D 8

1
= 0.60 M
(0.02)(83.3)

= 0.60 M

k p W
35
g m8 = 2 I D 8 = 2 (2.2) X 2 (83.3)
2
2 L 8
= 113.3 X
W
where X 2 =
L n
VA
80
ro 6 =
=
= 0.960 M
I C 6 83.3

ro 4 =
ro1 =
gm6 =

n I D 4

1
= 0.40 M
(0.015)(167)

1
1
=
= 0.60 M
p I D1 (0.02)(83.3)
IC 6
83.3
=
= 3204 A / V
0.026
VT

k p W
35
g m1 = 2 I D1 = 2 (2.2) X 2 (83.3)
2
2 L 1
= 113.3 X
Now
Ro 6 = (3204)(0.960) 0.40 0.60 = 738 M
Ro8 = (113.3 X )(0.60)(0.60) = 40.8 X M
Then
Ad = 25, 000 = (113.3 X ) 738 40.8 X
30,110 X
= (113.3 X )

738 + 40.8 X
which yields X = 2.48
or
W
X 2 = 6.16 =
L n

and
W
+ (2.2)(6.16) = 12.3
L P
13.43
For vcm (max), assume VCB (Q5 ) = 0. Then
VS = 15 0.6 0.6 = 13.8 V
0.236
I D 9 = I D10 =
= 0.118 mA
2
Using parameters given in Example 13.11
I
0.118
VSG = D 9 VTP =
+ 1.4 = 2.17 V
0.20
KP
Then
vcm (max) = 13.8 2.17 vcm (max) = 11.6 V

For
vcm (min) , assume
VSD ( M 9 ) = VSD ( sat ) = VSG + VTP = 2.17 1.4 = 0.77 V
Now
VD10 = I D10 (0.5) + 0.6 + I D10 (0.5) 15
= 0.118 + 0.6 15 VD10 = 14.28 V
Then
vcm (min) = 14.28 + VSD (sat) VSG
= 14.28 + 0.77 2.17 = 15.68 V
Then, common-mode voltage range
15.68 vcm 11.6
Or, assuming the input is limited to 15 V, then
15 vcm 11.6 V
13.44
For I1 = I 2 = 300 A,
VSG = VBE + (0.3)(8) = 0.6 + 2.4 = 3.0 V
Then
I 2 = K P (VSG + VTP ) 2
0.3 = K P (3 1.4)2 K P = 0.117 mA / V 2
13.45
For VCB = 0 for both Q6 and Q7 , then
VS = 0.6 + 0.6 + VSG + (VS )
So 2VS = 1.2 + VSG
Now
I1
0.6 + I 2 R1 = VSG =
+ VTP and I1 = I 2
KP
Also I1 = I 2 = K P (VSG + VTP ) 2 so
0.6 + (0.25)(8)(VSG 1.4) 2 = VSG
2
2.8VSG + 1.96) = VSG
0.6 + 2(VSG
2
2VSG 6.6VSG + 4.52 = 0
6.6 (6.6) 2 4(2)(4.52)
= 2.33 V
2(2)
Then
2VS = 1.2 + 2.33 = 3.53 and
VS = 1.765 V
VSG =

13.46
I C 5 = I C 4 = 300 A
Using the parameters from Examples 13.12 and 13.13, we have
V
(200)(0.026)
Ri 2 = r 13 = n T =
= 17.3 k
0.3
I C13
Ad = 2 K n I Q 5 ( Ri 2 ) = 2(0.6)(0.3) (17.3)

or
Ad = 10.38
Now

I C13
0.3
=
= 11.5 mA/V
0.026
VT

g m13 =
r013 =

VA
50
=
= 167 k
I C13 0.3

Then
| Av 2 | = g m13 r013 = (11.5)(167)
or
Av 2 = 1917
Overall gain:
Av = (10.38)(1917) = 19,895
Assuming the resistances looking into Q4 and into the output stage are very large, we have

13.47
| Av 2 | =

R013
r 13 + (1 + ) RE13

where R013 = r013 1 + g m13 ( RE13 r 13 )

I C13 = 300 A, r013 =

50
= 167 k
0.3

0.3
= 11.5 mA / V
0.026
(200)(0.026)
=
= 17.3 k
0.3

g m13 =
r 13

So
R013 = (167) 1 + (11.5) (1 17.3) 1.98 M
Then
| Av 2 | =

(200)(1980)
= 1814
17.3 + (201)(1)

Now
Ci = C1 (1 + Av 2 ) = 12 [1 + 1814]
Ci = 21, 780 pF
1
f PD =
2 Req Ci
Req = Ri 2 r012 r010

Neglecting R3 ,
r010 =

1
1
=
= 333 k
I D10 (0.02)(0.15)

Neglecting R5 ,
50
r012 =
= 333 k
0.15
Ri 2 = r 13 + (1 + ) RE13

= 17.3 + (201)(1)
= 218 k

Then
f PD =

1
2 218 333 333 103 ( 21, 780 ) 1012

or
f PD = 77.4 Hz
Unity-Gain Bandwidth
Gain of first stage:

Ad = 2 K n I Qs ( R12 ro12 ro10 )

= 2(0.6)(0.3) (218 333 333)
= (0.6)(218 333 333)

or
Ad = 56.6
Overall gain:
Av = (56.6)(1814) = 102, 672
Then unity-gain bandwidth = (77.4)(102, 672)
7.95 MHz
13.48
Since VGS = 0 in J 6 , I REF = I DSS
I DSS = 0.8 mA
13.49
a.

Ri 2 = r 5 + (1 + ) [ r 6 + (1 + ) RE ]

(100)(0.026)
= 13 k
0.2
I
200 A
C6 =
= 2 A
100

r 6 =
IC 5

So
r 5 =

(100)(0.026)
= 1300 k
0.002

Then
Ri 2 = 1300 + (101) [13 + (101)(0.3) ]
or
Ri 2 = 5.67 M
Av = g m 2 ( r02 r04 Ri 2 )

b.
gm2 =

2
I D I DSS
VP

2
(0.1)(0.2)
3

= 0.0943 mA / V
r02 =

1
1
=
= 500 k
I D (0.02)(0.1)

r04 =

VA 5.0
=
= 500 k
I C 4 0.1

Then
Av = (0.0943)[500 || 500 || 5670]
or
Av = 22.6
13.50
a.

Need VSD (QE ) VSD ( sat ) = VP For minimum bias 3 V

Set VP = 3 V and VZK = 3 V

I REF 2 =

VZK VD1
R3

3 0.6
R3 = 24 k
0.1
Set bias in QE = I REF 2 + I Z 2 = 0.1 + 0.1 = 0.2 mA
Therefore,

so that R3 =

I DSS = 0.2 mA

b.

Neglecting base currents

12 0.6
I 01 = I REF 1 = 0.5 mA =
R4
so that
R4 = 22.8 k

13.51
a.
gm2

We have
2
=
I D I DSS
| VP |

2
(0.5)(1)
4

= 0.354 mA/V
r02 =
r04 =

ID

1
= 100 k
(0.02)(0.5)

VA 100
=
= 200 k
I D 0.5

0.5
= 19.23 mA/V
0.026
(200)(0.026)
= 10.4 k
r 4 =
0.5
So
R04 = r04 1 + g m 4 ( r 4 R2 )
gm4 =

= 200 1 + (19.23) (10.4 0.5 )

= 2035 k

Ad = g m 2 ( r02 R04 RL )

For RL
Ad = 0.354 (100 || 2035 ) = 33.7
b.

With these parameter values, gain can never reach 500.

Similarly for this part, gain can never reach 700.