Rose Ann A.

Salunga

is a method of coming to conclusions by the use of logical argument - is a process of thoughts that yields a conclusion from percepts, thoughts, or assertions.
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All

vehicles are instruments of transportation; But jeep is a vehicle; Therefore, Jeep is an instrument of transportation.

deductive logic or logical deduction or, informally, topdown" logic - a reasoning based on the hypothetico-deductive method.
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- An IF/THEN statement or relationship between two variables

IF (this) THEN (that) - Example: IF society has a high

levels of anomie, THEN suicide rates will increase

- can be described as reasoning in the form if A then B

All

men are mortal. Aristotle is a man. Therefore, Aristotle is mortal.

An argument is valid if it is impossible for its premises to be true while its conclusion is false. - All dogs have fleas. This is a dog. Therefore this dog has fleas.
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- An "invalid" deductive argument will contain something in the conclusion wholly new and independent from those things mentioned in the premise of the argument.

INVALID Argument - Only man is a rational being. - Therefore, no woman is a rational being.

square is a geometrical figure; But, a circle is a geometrical figure; Therefore, a circle is a square.

 The

nurse knows that the nursing diagnosis of Fluid Volume Excess may be related to altered circulation or an electrolyte imbalance. As a result, the nurse reviews lab results and checks the blood pressure and ankles for swelling in a client who recently had cardiac surgery.