1 . H i e r a r c h y o f d a t a Data Hierarchy refers to the systematic organization of data, often in a hierarchical form.

Dataorganization involves fields, records, files and so on. BIT All data is stored in a computer's memory or storage devices in the form of binarydigits or bits. A bit can be either 'ON' of 'OFF' representing 1 or 0. BYTE is a group of 8 bits. One byte can represent one character or, in different contexts,other data such as a sound, part of a picture etc. FIELD is a group of characters. e.g. data held about a person may be split into many fieldsincluding ID Number, Surname, Initials, Title, Street, Town, etc RECORD is a group of fields holding all the information about one person or item FILE a collection of records. A stock file will contain a record for each item of stock, andso on. DATABASE may consist of many different files, linked in such a way that information can beretrieved from several files at once The five categories of computer are:

Super Computers Mainframe Computers Workstation computer Minicomputer Micro Computer

Supercomputer :A computer which, among existing general-purpose computers at any given time, is http://www.answers.com/topic/superlative, often in several senses: highest computation rate, largest memory, or highest cost. Mainframe Computers: a large digital computer serving 100-400 users and occupying a special air-conditioned room.

Workstation computers: This computer has more computing capacity in its CPU than a typical personal computer.Scientists and engineers are the main users of workstations, although people who process graphics find a workstation necessary, since the processors can handle the huge amounts of data associated with graphic files. Minicomputer: A mid-sized computer, usually fitting within a single cabinet about the size of a refrigerator, that has less memory than a mainframe. Micro Computer : A personal computer