hm-Iy-ns shp-hn-fn-I: Hcp {]Xn-I-cWw

hnhn[ kwkvIm-c--fn {]tXyI Pohn-X-L---fm-bmWv hm-Iy-Im-es ]cn-K-Wn-p-Xv.

{]mb-am-Ip--Xn-s\-p-dn-p ImgvN-m-Sp-I ka-tbm-Nn-X-ambpw kmwkvIm-cn-I-ambn amdn-sm-ncn-p-p. ]v hmIyw Nnev A`n-am-\-am-bn-cp-p. Fm Cv `qcn-`mKhpw hn[n-bm-bnmWv Icp-Xp--Xv. CUy skskkv {]Imcw 1961- apXn-h-cpsS (60+) A\p-]mXw 5.63%Dw
1991- 6.5%Dw Bbn-cp-p. 2011 skk-kv{]-Imcw 76 any Bfp-I 60 hbtm AXn\p apIfntem {]mb-ap--h BIpp (8.77) tIc-f-n-\m-bn-cp-p. hm-Iy-n-ep--h-cpsS (70%) A\p]mXw IqSp-Xepw tIc-f-n-em-Ip-p. Cu IW-p-I apXn-h-cpsS shp-hn-fn-I-fpsS {]m[m\ys ImWn-p-p.
ss__n-fn hm-Iys ssZh-n \np-ap A\p-{K-l-am-bn-mWv ImWp--Xv. ]pXnb Xeap-dsb ssZho-I-h-gn-I-fn \S-p--Xn-\p D-c-hm-ZnXzw ssZhw Ahp \In-bn-cn-p-p.
Pohn-X-n a-sfbpw sImp-a--sfbpw Ah-cpsS a-sfbpw Ip Pohn-p \o PohnXw
Hcp A\p-{Klw Xs-bm-Wv. ssZh-s-p-dnv a-tfmSpw sImp-a--tfmSpw ]d-bpI Fp--XpXs ktm-j-am-Wv. IpSpw-_-nepw k`-bnepw kaq-l-nepw Ah-cpsS {]hr-n-bpsS ^ew
ImWp-Xv Xs A\p-{K-l-am-Wv. hm-Iy-n kzw {]b-Xv\-mepw {]m-\-bmepw ap-hsc A\p-{K-ln-p-Xv Ah-cpsS {]mWs\ Ipfn-n-p-p. AsX, hmIyw Hcp A\p-{KloX ka-b-am-Wv. Fm apXn-h-cpsS F-n-ep h-\hpw kmaq-lnI hyXn-bm-\hpw
CUy-bn hyXy-kvX--fmb {]iv\- krjvSn-p-p-v. Fm k` C-s\-bp shphn-fn-Isf t\cn-Sm k--am-tWm. Cu shp-hn-fn-I-sf-p-dnpw AXn-t\mSv Fs\ {]Xn-Icnmw Fpw ChnsS Nnn-p-p.
{]mb-am-hpI Fm Fv?
hnhn[ am\--fp Hcp {]{In-b-bmWv {]mb-am-hpIsb-Xv. CXv _tbm-f-Pn-, ssktm-f-Pn, tkmtjym-f-Pn-, tkmtjym-ssk-tm-f-Pn- {]{In-b-bm-Wv. _tbm-f-Pn- {]{In-bbn ico-c-L-S-\-]-c-am-bpw, a\-im-kv{X-]-c-ambpw hyXn-bm-\- kw`-hn-p-p. CXv a\-n-em-pXv Hcp hyn-bpsS {]hn-m-\p Ignhv ]Sn-]-Sn-bmbn \jvS-am-hp-Ibpw ac-W-n-tev
\bn--s-Sp-Ibpw sNp-p. _tbm-f-Pn- ]c-ambn {]mb-am-Ip-Xv Hmtcm hynbpw hyXymk-s-n-cn-p-Xv hcp-am-\-n-ep hyXn-bm-\-tam, t]mj-Im-lm-c-n-s-tbm, sshZy-im-kv{X-]-camb hyXym-k-tfm Bhmw. a\-ns Ign-hp-I timjn-p-h-cp-Xv hm-Iy-n-tev \bnp--XmWv a\-im-kv{X-]-c-amb {]mb-am-I. hm-Iy-n kmaq-ln-I-co-Xnv hyXymkw hcp-Xm-Ipp tkmtjym-f-Pn- {]mb-am-I {]{In-b-bn \S-p--Xv. Bfp-I {]mb-am-Ip-tm
Ah-cpsS hyn-Xzw, Bh-iy-, {]Xo--I, kzm`m-hw, ap--h-tcm-Sp _- Fnhv hyh-m-[n-jvS-amb hyXym-k- kw`-hn-p-p. CXmWv ssktmtkm-jy {]{In-b.
Cu Fm {]{In-b-I-fnepw apXn-h hyXy-kvX-amb shp-hn-fn-I t\cn-Sp-p. IqSmsX kaq-ln-ep amw ap shp-hn-fn-I-fn-tepw Ahsc \bn-p-p.
kmaq-lnI hyXn-bm-\hpw apXn-h-cpsS shp-hn-fn-Ifpw
CUy-bn Ign \qm-ns Ah-km\tmsS IpSpw-_-s-p-dn-p \n-N\w amdn.
Fm Hcp Xe-ap-dbvv apv Iqp-Ip-Spw-_-am-bn-cp-p. apXn-hv Bh-iy-amb Icp-Xepw ]cnN-c-Whpw AhnsS e`n-n-cp-p. tIc-f-n tPmen-km-[yX hfsc Ipd-hm-Wv. ImcWw ChnsS
hyh-km-b- hfsc Ipdp am{X-ta-bp-q. AXp-sIm-p-Xs IqSp-X tIc-fo-bcpw ap kwm\--fnepw hntZ-i--fnepw tPmenp t]mIp-p. AXn-\m apXn-h-tcm-Sp Ah-cpsS A\pI ]e-tmgpw t^mWn-eq-sSbpw km-nIamb-Xn-eq-sSbpw am{Xw HXpn \np-p. Cs\-bphcpsS Ipp- Pohn-p-Xv Zqsc-bm-Wv. Ah-cpsS ki\w ]e-tmgpw ag-hnp
hcp--Xp-t]m-se-bm-Wv. {]mb-ta-dn-b-h Ahv Ign-bp Ime-a-{Xbpw GI-cmbn Pohn-p-p.
Btcm-Ky-]-c-ambn Ah oWn-X-cm-Ip-tm ap--h-cpsS klmbw tXSp-p. ]e-tmgpw AhcpsS av klmbw \Im Ign-bm-dn-. C{]-Imcw Hcp Hgn IqSp-t]mse Ah am-sSp-p.

IpSpw-_-nse Ghpw Ah-km-\s Xe-apd `h-\-n \npw t]mIp-tm Hcp iq\yX

AhnsS A\p-`-h-s-Sp-p. Cu {]Xn-`m-k-s-bmWv Hgn-p-IqSv Fp ]d-bp--Xv. CXv amXm-]nXm- Bb-Xn-\p-ti-j-ap {]{In-b-bm-Wv. 1960-\p apv Hgn--IqSv F {]Xn-`mkw Cm-bn-cpp FmWv Ncn-{X-Im-cam-cpw, kmaq-lnI imkv{X-amcpw ]d-bp--Xv. Ccp-]Xmw \qmn IpSpw-_--fn Dmb Hcp hyXy-kvX-amb {]{In-b-bm-Wv.
amXm-]n-Xm-amcpsS \m-Xp-I-fntem A]-Xp-I-fntem Fp-tm Zqsc-bp Hgnp IqSv
Ah-cpsS Pohn-X-n IS-p-h-cp-p. CXv Ipp-sf Zqsc-bp tImf-Pp-I-fn Ab-p-tm
A\p-`-hn-p-p. sNdp--m-cmb amXm-]n-Xm- Hgn--IqSv A\p-`-hn-m-dn-, ]e-tmgpw Ah
tPmen-m-cpw, Btcm-Ky-ap--hcpw Npdp-Np-dp-p--h-cp-am-bn-cn-pw. Ipp- Ahsc B{i-bnp--Xn-\m Ftmgpw `h-\-n hcp-p. Ctm ]e amXm-]n-Xm-fpw Ah-cpsS GIm--ka-b--fn ktm-jn-p-p. Ie-l-an-m Pohn-X-n Ah ktm-jn-p-Ibpw kzmX{yw
A\p-`-hn-p-Ibpw sNp-p. amXm-]n-Xm-am ay-h-b-kvI-cm-Ip-tm Ah-cpsS a-fpsS
hnhmlw, sImp-a--fpsS P\-\w, a-fpsS kz-Po-hn-X-n-\p klmbw Fn-h-sb-p-dnv
Nnn-t-n-bn-cn-p-p.
F-s\-bm-bn-cp-m-epw, {]mb-ta-dn-h-cp-tm kpJ-an-m-sXtbm Hcm-fpsS acWw `hn-p-tmtgm
th klmbw e`y-a-m-sX- h-cp-tm Pohn-X-n Gsd shp-hn-f-I t\cn-Sp-p. C-s\bp Imcy- t\cn-Sp-tm ]e-tmgpw AXv ]q-X-bn-te-s-n-p-hm km[n-p-n-.
]g-b-Ime kvac-W-I-fn-eq-sS-bp bm{X ]e-tmgpw Pohn-X-nse ktm-j-fpw k-S-fpw
]cm-P-bhpw hnP-b-hp-sa-mw AwKo-I-cn-p-hm Ahv Ign-bp-p. Pohn-X-n Ah-cpsS A\p`-h- tIt--hcpw Icp-tX--hcpw Cm--tm {ihn-m Hcp sNhn Cs-n Ah
\ncm-i-bn-em-p-t]m-Ip-p. {]mb-ta-dnb apXn-hcpw Ahv kwc-Ww \Ip--hcpw Xnep A\p-]mXw nc-amb Hcp A\p-]m-X-am-sWv Kth-j-I ]d-bp-p.
apXn-hcpw Bdp Xc-n-ep \jvS-fpw
sIv anepw sl_v BtU-g-k\pw Pohn-X-n Bdp Xc-n-ep \jvS--sf-p-dnv
hnh-cn-p-p. Cu \jvS--fn-eqsS \mw a\-n-em-p-tm F{X ITn-\-amb thZ-\-bn-eq-sSbpw
kln-jvW-X-bn-eq-sS-bp-amWv Ah IS-p-t]m-Ip--Xv.
(1)
saocn-b temv (Material Loss)
apXn-h-cp-ambn _-s-n-cn-p imco-cn-I-h-kvXp- \jvS-am-Ip--XmWv sao-cn-b temv.
Btcm-Ky-\jvSw ]e-tmgpw Ahsc a-fpsS `h-\--fn-tetm hr-k-Z-\--fn-tetm Fnp-p. AXn-\m Ahv ]cn-Nn-X-amb Npp-]mSv \jvS-s-Sp-p.
\n ]epw \ap-p--Xns\ hnSp-Ibpw Fm-h-scbpw Ipp--fmbn ImWp-I-sb-Xv _pnap-p Imcy-am-Wv. A-s\-sb-n Pohn-X
- n sao-cn-b temv Dm-p-p. Fm apXhv Hcn- Pohn-X-n t\S-b-sXmw s]sv \jvS-am-hp-tm thZ-\-bp-f-hm-p--XmWv.
Ah am\-nI-ambn Fmw bYm-m-\-m-m Xm-dm-hp-tm AX-hv \nb-{n-m-\m-hpp.
(2)
dnte-j-\ temv (Relational Loss)
IpSpw-_-n-ep--h-cp-am-bp _w, Iqp-Im-cp-am-bp _w Fnh \jvS-am-Ip-tm DmIp--XmWv dnte-j-\ temv (Relational Loss). kzw Ipp--fpsS imco-cn-Ihpw am\-n-I-hpamb kmn[yw \jvS-am-hp--Xm-Imw. BtcmKyw \jvS-am-hp-tm Ahv bm{Xm-kzm-X{yw
\jvS-am-Ip-p. AXv Ahsc `h-\-n Xs Bbn-cn-p-hm \n_-n-p-p. Cs\ kw`-hnp-tm Ah-cpsS Zn\-{-Xn-bp _- \jvS-am-Ip-p.
acWw kw`-hn-p--Xn-eqsS ]e apXn-hpw cnte-j-\ temv kw`-hn-p-p. Ah-cpsS
{]mb-n-ep--h-cpsS ac-Ww, ktlm-Z-c--fp-sStbm Iqp-Im-cp-sStbm `mcy-bp-sStbm `#v-X-Xm-hn-

stbm ac-Ww-aqew Ah Cu \jvS-n-tev F-s-Smw. CXv Fs-s-t-p-ap \jvS-amWv. Cu Xc-n-ep am\-knI Xe-n \npw hnapn t\S-W-sa-n \jvSw Ah AwKo-Icn-p-Ibpw ssZh-n B{i-bn-p-Ibpw thWw.
(3)
C{Sm-ssk-nv temv (Intrapsychic Loss)
apXn-hv Ah kvt\ln-n-cp--hcpw Ahv Npp-ap--hcpw \jvS-am-hp-tm B-cnI
kwc-Ww \jvSs
- -X
- mbn A\p-`h
- s
- -Sp-p. Cu ka-b
- f
- n kz]v\
- fpw ]-Xn-Ifpw Ahpm-Ip-p. CuhI kz]v\-fpw ]-Xn-Ifpw Dt]-n--s-Sp-tm C{Sm-ssk-nv temv
Ah A\p-`-hn-p-p. imco-cn-I-amb kwc-Ww C-c-n-ep--hv Bh-iy-am-Wv. FtmgmtWm Ahv B-cnI kwc-Ww \jvS-am-Ip-Xv Atm apX Ahp Npp-ap kwcWw \jvS-am-b-Xmbn Ahv A\p-`-h-s-Sp-p. Cu \jvSw Ahsc `b-n-te-tm, Bi--bntetm \ncm-i-bn-tetm sIms-n-p-p. AXn-\m IqSp-X B{i-bn-p--h-cn-tev \opp.
(4)
^v-j-W temv (Functional Loss)
^vjW temv km[m-cW ImWm-dp-Xv {]mb-n-ep--h-cn-em-Wv. {]tXyI akn-ep-I-fpsSbpw
Rc-p-I-fp-sSbpw {]h-\-an-mbva ^vj-W temn-tev Fn-p-p. imco-cn-Ihpw am\n-I-hp-am-bp _e-lo-\-X-I ]e {]hr-n-I sNm XSw krjvSn-p-p. CXv ap--hsc
B{i-bnp Pohn-p-hm Ahsc \n_-n-X-cm-p-p. Ah-cpsS {]m[-anI Bh-iy- \nd-thm Xs Ahcpw Ahsc ip{iq-jn-p-hpw Hcp ]cn-[n-hsc BIp-e-cm-Ip-p. imco-cn-I-oWw
aqew k`m-cm-[-\-I apS-p-tm Bflo-I-ambn Ah Xf-cmw.
(5)
tdm temv (Loss of Roles)
kaq-l
- n Fm-hpw {]tXy-I
m-\a
- p-v. \psS {]hr-n-I kaq-l
- n \psS m\w
\nb-{n-p-p. Hcp Aym-]n-I, tUmIvS XpS-n-b-hv Ah-cpsS DtZym-K-n\pw A\p-k-cnv
hyn-Xz- Dv. DtZym-K-n \nv hnc-an-p-tm Cu hynXzw \jvS-am-Ip-p. imco-cnI
am\-nI _e-lo-\X \nanw Ah-cpsS ip{iq-j-bn \npw {]hr-n-bn \npw Ah hncan-p-p. Ah-cpsS afpw Ipp-a-fpw Ahsc ip{iq-jn-pp. tPmen sNp bph-X-e-ap-dtbmsS Ahsc Xpe\w sNp-tm Ah ap--hv `mchpw Ah-cpsS PohnXw {]tbm-P-\-anm--Xp-ambn tXmmw.
(6)
kn-am-nIv temv (Systematic Loss)
Xm ]cn-N-bn kaq-lnepw kwkvIm-c-nepw amw `hn-p-tm apXn-h A\p-`-hn-p
\jvSw BWn-Xv. DZm-l-c-W-ambn Ipp-Ip-Spw_w ]cn-N-b-ap hon Xs-bm-Ip-tm Ahv
Cu \jvSw A\p-`-h-s-Smw. Hcn- Ah-cpsS `h-\-ns \ne-\nn\p Ah-cpsS ]v hep-Xmbn-cp-p. amXm-]n-Xm- hm-Iy-n BIp-tm Cu ZuXyw Ahv \jvS-am-Ipw. Hcp]s Xs `mcy-sb-tbm, `m-hn-s\tbm k` ip{iq-jn-t-n-bn-cn-p-p. Fm Ah-cpsS
ac-W-tmsS B ZuXyhpw Ah-km-\n-p.
hm-Iy-n Fnb ]ecpw C{Imcap ]e \jvS-fpw A\p-`-hn-p-p. Fm CsXmw
Hcp-]s X\nsb A\p-`-hn-p-tm D BLmXw ]e s\Sp-hon\pw Imc-W-am-Ip-p. CXv
]e-tmgpw GIm--X, Xo-ZpJw, AN--X-t_m-[w, Xr]vXn-bn-mbva apX-em-b-h-bn-tev \bnp-p. Cu BLmXw {Inbm-fl-I-ambn t\cn-Sn Fn AXv am\-nI sshI-ey-n-tev \bnpw. apXn-h-cn am\-nI _e-lo-\-X-bn-tev \bn-p-hm\pw IpSpw_ A-co--n-ep
Nne am- Sn. F. {_nIv Nqn- Im-p-p. a-fpsS e-am-- afpw IpSpw_ Pohn-Xnse hyXn-bm-\-, ap es ]mnSw amdp--Xp-aqew kzX{ PohnXw \jvS-am-p-I.
Pohn-X-ns Ah-km\ hj--fn am\-oI Btcm-Ky-n\p A\p-tbm-Py-a ]e {]{In-bI, sshIm-cnI taL-e-I-fn-epw, kmaq-ly-]-c-ambpw, imco-cn-I-ambpw kw`-hn-p--Xmbn Atlw
Nqnmn.
\psS kwkvIm-c-nse ]e PohnX ssien-Ifpw hm-Iy-n PohnX kml-N-cy--tfmSv

{Inbm-fl-I-ambn {]Xn-I-cn-m XS--am-Ip-p. Ba- amXm-]n-Xm-sf kwc-n-Ww F

Nn-bmWv ]epw. s]a- Bh-iy-ap--tm ip{iq-jn-pI. s]a--fpsS `h-\-ntem, `mcym`-h-\-ntem ]mp-Xv A`n-am-\-Ip-d-hmbn hniz-kn-p-p. C{]-Im-c-ap Ah
Ba--f-m ap ip{iq-j-Isc am\-n-I-ambn kzoI-cn-m XSw krjvSn-p-p. CXv ip{iqj-I-cpsS tIm]-n-\p-hsc kwK-Xn-bm-Ip-p. adp-h-iv a AWp-Ip-Spw-_--fnepw Zqsc-epw Xma-n-p--Xp-aqew Ahv amXm-]n-Xm-sf ip{iq-jn-m Ign-bp--Xp-an-.
Fm \jvShpw ZpJ-n\p Imc-W-am-Ip-p. Pohn-X-ns Ah-km\ Aym-b-n Fn-bn-cnp--hv t]mb hj--fnse \jvS- kzbw hne-bn-cpn X-fpsS ka-bhpw Ign-hp-Ifpw
Duhpw ap--h-cpsS Pohn-X-n \nt-]n-m Xm-dm-tI--Xm-Ip-p. {Inbm-fl-I-ambn
\jvS- ssIImcyw sNbvXm injvS Pohn-X-sbpw ac-W-sbpw Bfl-ss[-cy-tmsS A`nap-Jo-I-cn-m km[n-pw.
{InkvXob tkh-\-n Nne am-\nt-i-
apI-fn hni-Zo-I-cn kml-N-cy--fn apXn-hsc klm-bn-m k`bvv Fp sNmw?
Ah PohnX kml-N-cy-sf AwKo-I-cn-p-hm\pw AXn-t\mSp s]mcp-p-s-Sp-hm\pw shp-hn-fnIsf t\cnv PohnXw ap--hv A\p-{K-l-ambn XpS-cm\pw Fs\ klm-bn-mw. Nne \nti- Xmsg sImSp-p-p.
1. kaq-l-n hm-Iy-Imespdnv Hcp t_m[-h-cWw \Ip-I.
Hcp k`m-ip-{iq-j-I\p X\nsb hm-Iy-n D-hsc ip{iq-jn-p-hm km[n-p-I-bn-. hnizmk-k-aqlw apgp-h-\mbn CXn ]p hln-mw. kvt\ln-Xcpw Abhm-kn-I-sfbpw kl-I-cn-nmw. hm-Iy-nse {]iv\--sfbpw Ah-k-c--sfbpwn Adn-hp--h-cp-am-bn-cn--Ww. CXv
hm-Iy-n-tev Ahsc Hcp-p-Ibpw hm-Iyspdn-p any-I amm klm-bn-pIbpw sNpw.
2. `h-\-k-i\w
Hcp k`m-ip-{iq-j-It\m k`-bnse ap hyn-Itfm {]mb-aphcpsS `h-\--fn kin-pXv Ah-cpsS lrZbw ap--h-tcmSv ]d-bm Hcp Ah-kcw BWv. Bsc-nepw Ah-cpsS PohnX
kml-N-cy--tfmSv s]mcp--s-Sm Ign-bp-n-s-n Iukn-enw-Kn-\p Ah-k-c- Hcpmw. CXv ssZho-I-a-m ZpJ-n \nv Bizmkw {]m]n-p-hm\pw Fsnepw {]iv\-fpw
_--fn-ep AI-Ifpw {Inbm-fl-I-ambn t\cn-Sm\pw klm-b-I-c-am-Ipw.
3. P\-sf ko-I-cn-pI
k`-bnse bph-P-\-sf {]mb-ap hyn-Isf klm-bn-m-\mbn Hcp-mw. ap _p--tfmsSmw Xma-n-p apXn-hv ip{iq-jn-m Nne-sc-nepw Dv. Fm GI-cmbn Xman-p--hv ]e Xc-n Bh-iy- hcmw. DZm-l-c-W-n-\mbn Bip-]-{Xn-bn t]mIp-I,
_np-I AS-bvp-I, km[-\- hmpI CsXms `mc-ap hnj-b--fmbn Chp tXmmw.
C{]-Im-c-ap kml-N-cy--fn Ahv klmbw Bh-iy-am-Wv. hm-Iys `b-s-SpXpw
apXn-hsc Ah-K-Wn-p--Xp-amb Cu Xe-ap-d-bn {]mbw sN hyn-Isf ip{iq-jn-m\pw
Ahv kvt\lw ap--h-cn-tev ]I-cm\pw AXv Ah-k-c-am-Wv.
4. sU sIb tI{-
\K-c--fn ImWp Hcp ip{iq-j-bmWv apXn-hp-th-n-bp sU sIb tI{-.
_p- tPmenv t]mIp-tm, apXn-hv Ah-cpsS kabw kzbw Hv sNe-h-gn-p-Xn-\p-]-Icw ap--h-tcm-Sp-IqSn sNe-h-gn-p-hm km[n-pw. CXp Hcp ]t Hcp k`bvv am{Xambn kwL-Sn--m km[np Fp hcn-. kaq-l-nse P\-kvt\-ln-I-fp-ambn Hp-tNp
CXv kwL-Sn-n-mw. Ah-cpsS GIm-X XcWw sNm ap ka-{]m-b-msc ]cn-N-b-s-Sm\pw
ip{iq-jn-m-\p-ap Ah-k-c-am-Wn-Xv.

5. apXnhv am{X-ap {]m\

k`-I-fn bu-\-mv Iq-, Ipp-v kt-kvIq CsXms km[m-c-W-am-Wv.
Fm 60 hb-n\p apI-fn-ep--htm tPmen-bn \npw hnc-an--htm Iq- kwL-Snn-m-hp--Xm-Wv. hj-n Hcn- Hcp Rmb-dmgv apXn-hpthn thXn-cn-mw.
Av Ah Bcm-[-\-bnse ]e Imcy--fn kPoh ]v hln-mw.
6. av Ah-k-c-
apI-fn tcJ-s-Sp-n-bXv IqSmsX ]e hj-fpw k`-bm-tbm, ]e k`-I tNtm, kaq-lamtbm sNm km[n-pw. DZm-l-c-W-ambn hr-k-Z-\w, apXn-h-cpsS Pohn-X-s--n-bp
]pkvXI
-
- tNp hmb-\i
- m-e, Zqsc-bp Ipp-f
- p-ambn kwkm-cn-m s]mXp Cs\v
kuI-cy-, thmf-n-b hn-\p-thn Ah-k-c- Ch Ah-km\ Ime-L--n ktmj-ap--h-cmbn Pohn-p-hm apXn-hsc klm-bn-pw.
D]-kw-lmcw
hmIyw Pohn-X-n Hgn-p-Iq-Sm ]m {]{Inb BWv. ssZhoI A\p-{K-l-ambn hnti-jn-s-Sp Cu Pnhn-X-L-s ]ecpw hn[n-bmbn Iv ]gn-p-p. _p--fpw, Iqp-hn-izm-kn-Ifp-am-bp kwkKw Cu Ls ]cn-t]m-jn-n-p-hm klm-bn-p-p. _p- ASp-nm apXn-hv Ah-cpsS \nk-lmb Ah--bn PohnXw A\p-{K-l-I-c-am-bn-cn-m ]e
{Inbm-fl-I-amb hgn-Ifpw \app kzoI-cn-mw. apXn-h-cpsS P\-kw-Jym-h-\hpw _-fn D AIbpw hnZq-c--e--fn-tev afpw IpSn-tbdn Xma-n-p-Xpw hm-Iy-n-ep-hsc ip{iq-jn-p Bh-iy- ImWn-p-p. C-c-msc ip{iq-jn-p-Xv _p--fpsStbm k`m-ip-{iq-j-I-stbm am{Xw D-c-hm-Zn--a-. adnv Ahv ktmjw \Ip A\p`-h- \In AhcpsS GIm-X AI-m kaq-l-n\pw Hcp ]p-v.
t\ma tImUns hmp-I hfsc Ah-m-Wv. acWw Pohn-X-nse Ghpw henb
\jvS-a-. Pohn-n-cn-p-tm Xs \psS Dn acn-pI F-XmWv Ghpw henb \jvSw.
\psS CS-bn-ep apXn-hv A\p-{K-l-n-\mbn ssZhw hmb-\-msc klm-bn--s.