Componentele celulare la eucariotelor

Componentele celulare la procariote

Structura membranei celulare i a mitocondriei

CHIMIA BIOMOLECULELOR AMINOACIZII

Aminoacizi codificati genetic Aminoacizi cu radicali nepolari
COO H C NH 3
Gly,n

COO H C NH 3
Ala,n

H
+

CH3
+

COO H C

COOH CH H H C CH CH CH NH a HCOO 2N CHC H H C CH CH b COO NH C H C CH CH g NH C

3 2

COO-

COO- CH3 C
Ile,e

C*

CH2

CH3

+ 3 3 Leu,e

NH3+ H

Val,e

CH3

+ 3

Met, e

COOH C

OOC C H

CH2

NH 3+
Phe, e

d C CH
2

H2 C N H

C H2 C H2

NH 3+
Trp,e

Pro, n

COO H C
Ser,n

COOOH

CH2

Aminoacizi
Aminoacizi codificati Aminoacizi cu radicali polari
COOH C NH 3 CH2
+

O CH2 C O-

CH2
Glu,n

NH 3+

NH 3+

COOH C C* NH3+
Thr,e

H CH3 OH

O C O
-

COOH C CH2
Asn, n

O C NH 2

COOH C CH2 CH 2 C

O NH 2

NH 3+

NH 3+
Gln, n

Asp,n

COOH C CH2 OH

COOH C CH2 SH
H

COOC CH2 CH2 CH2 CH2 NH3+ NH3+

Lys, n

NH 3+
Tyr, n

NH 3+
Cys, n

COOH C CH2 CH 2 CH 2 NH C

NH 2 NH 2+

COOH C CH2 N H
His, se

NH 3+
Arg, se

NH 3+

Aminoacizi necodificati care intra in structura proteinelor

-

OOC 1

OH C2 C H2 H N H
Hidroxiprolina

H2 C3

H
4 5

COOCH2 3
4

H
COOH H C CH2 CH2 S CH3

C 2

CH2

5 CH

CH2

NH 3+

NH 3+

OH
Hidroxilisina

NH2 CH2

NH CH O
N-formilmetionina

CH2OH HO H

H o OH H H

O CH CH2 CH2 H2NCH COOH

COOH
a

COO C NH 3+
b

CH2

CH

COO

Ac.g-carboxiglutamic

H H o OH H HO H OH

CH2OH

H O H

Aminoacizi necodificati care NU intra in structura proteinelor

COOH C
+ CH2 NH 3

COOCH2
+ CH2 CH2 NH 3

COOH C CH2 CH2 OH

b-Alanina

Ac. g-aminobutiric

NH 3+
Homo-Ser

COOH C CH2 CH2 SH

COOH C CH2
+ CH2 CH2 NH 3

NH 3+
Homo-Cys

NH 3+
Orn

I O I

COOCH2 CH NH 3+

NH 3+

COO-

HO I

Ac. para aminobenzoic

3, 5, 3', 5' - Tetraiodotironina

Proprietatile aminoacizilor

Proprietatile acido-bazice
H3N+CH(R)COOH - cation H3N+CH(R)COO- - amfiion H2NCH(R)COO- - anion

H3N+CH2COOH H3N+CH2COO- + H+

H3N+CH2COO- H2NCH2COO- + H+

PROPRIETATILE CHIMICE
H2NCH(R)COOH RCH2NH2 + CO2
R1 O C OH R1 NH C S NH CH
-

Ninhidrin O OH OH
OH

COOH H C CH2 NH 2 1/2O2 COOH H C CH2 NH 2 S S H 2O SH

NH 2

N Fenilizotiocianat

C S + H 2N

CH

HS CH2 C

+
R H 3N
OH
+

COOH
O C

C H COOH O C

NH 2 CH2 C H
R1 HC N

+ CO2

cistin

COOH

O C C N H H+ O C C S N S

Hidrindantin

O H OH

HOOCCH(NH2)CH2SHHOOCCH(NH2)CH2SO3H HOOCCH(NH2)CH2SO3HNH2CH2CH2SO3H+CO2 H2N-CH(R)-COOH + CH2O CH2 = N-CH(R)-COOH + H2O

R1 HC HN

+
NH 3

Ninhidrin H 2O O
-

O N

Derivat de feniltiohidantoin

O O Purpura de Ruhemann

C6H3(NO2)2F + H2N-CH(R)-COOH C6H3 (NO2)2NH-CH(R)COOH + HF

Peptidele

Peptidele

Peptidele

Peptidele
Cys Tyr Ile Gln Asn Cys Pro Leu Gly NH 2
Ocitocina

Cys Tyr

S S

Phe Gln Asn Cys Pro Arg Gly NH 2

Vasopresina

S S