1.

Sample Differences Similarities

Jurnal 1 • 12 comprehensive
(primary&secondary) school classes
of grades 5-8 (aged 11-14 years) • The samples are school
• number of children involved - 230 students

Jurnal 2 22 students of fifth graders

Jurnal 3 179 pupils (aged 10-11 years)
2. Setting
Jurnal 1 • Jarvikyla School in Nivala
• Oksara & Martinmaki Schools in
Haapajarvi
• Vattukyla, Hyttikallio &
Karhukangas Schools in Haapavesi
• Ruukki School in Ruukki
• The three researchs were
• Kestila Central School in Kestila
conducted in schools.
• Matkaniva & Petajaskoski School in
Oulainen
• Lintulampi School in Oulu &
Karsamaki Central School in
Karsamaki

• Study was carried out during school

years 2003-2005
Jurnal 2
• Implemented in a fifth grade class
• Required 2 months to teach the unit
and collect data

Jurnal 3 various elementary schools of Athens,

Greece
3. Procedure
Jurnal 1 1.The picaxe-08 system was introduce to the
teachers by arranging a two days in service
training course
• In jurnal 1 and 2, all the
2. Picaxe software and hardware were sent students done the same
to the participatory schools instructions. Not divided
into any group.
3.The children constructed a project board
using instructions and diagrams provided

Jurnal 2 1.Students were provided with a series of

poetry assignment

2. The students were required to represent

their poetic imagery in graphical forms
develop through an iteractive and
engineering design process

3.The poem were given to each other

anonymously
Jurnal 3 1.2 groups of students were used in the field
study