Author: Aung Myo Min

Director, HREIB
Co-author Banya Kung Aung
Child Rights Coordinator,HREIB
Cartoon: Agga
Layout & Design by: HREIB Team
Published By: Human Rights Education Institute of Burma
(HREIB)
Address: HREIB
G.P.O Box - 485
Chiang Mai , 50000
Thailand
E-Mail: hreburma@loxinfo.co.th
Website: www.hreib.org/com/net
Second Edition: 1000 Copies November, 2006

CS Kook.pmd 1 11/13/2006, 12:44 PM

 uav;ppfom;qdw k t hJ "d`m,fukd Edik if w
H umtaeeJ@ rowfrw S x
f m;ao;ygbl;?
'gayrJh awmiftmz&duEdik if rH mS ðyvkycf w
hJ hJ vufeufuikd yf ÉdyQtwGi;f ±Sd uav;rsm;qdik &f m
tvky±f akH qG;aEG;yJu
G owfrw S xf m;wJt h "d`m,fuawmh æ

uav;ppfom;qdw k m[m t+rw J rf;eJŒ

t+rw J rf;r[kww f hJ ppfwyfjzpfap/ vufeufuikd f
wyfjzpfap/ b,fwyfbjJ zpfjzpf vufeufuidk f
onfjzpfap/ rudik o f nfjzpfap/ touf (18) ESpf
atmuf a,musmf ;av;awG/ rde;f uav;awGukd
tpm;tpmcsuðf ywfz@kd / ypPn;f xrf;cdik ;f zd@k /owif;
yd@k qufom;tjzpfapcdik ;f zdŒk twGuf 'grrS [kwf
rdom;pk0ifr[kwb f J 'DwyfzŒGJ awGe@J twl vdu k yf g
aevd@k ±&dS ifvnf; uav;ppfom;ajrmufygw,f?
wu,fv@kd touf (18) ESpaf tmufred ;f uav;
awGukd vdiq f ufqzH @kd &nf±,G cf suef @J 'grrS [kwf
twif;t=uyf tdraf xmifðyzd@k ppfwyfx0J ifcikd ;f
&ifvnf; uav;ppfom;ajrmufygw,f?
2 uav;ppfom;yaysmufa&; 0dik ;f 0ef;vkyaf qmifay;

CS Kook.pmd 2 11/13/2006, 12:44 PM

 Ô 'ga=umifh tpd;k &rSmjzpfjzpf/ tpd;k &r[kww f whJ yfawGrmS bJjzpfjzpf touf (18) ESpf
atmuft±G,f a,musmf ;av;/ rde;f uav;awGyg0ifae&if uav;ppfom;ajrmufygw,f?
Ô twif;t=uyf0ifcikd ;f wmrsK;d r[kwb f J uk, d qf ENe@J u,
kd 0f ifvm&ifvnf; uav;ppfom;
ajrmufwmygb?J
Ô vufeufuikd rf S uav;ppfom;r[kwb f J vufeufrudik b f J wyfzŒGJ awGe@J twl tjcm;
tvkyaf wGcikd ;f zd@k vdu
k yf gae&&ifvnf; uav;ppfom;ajrmufygw,f?
Ô touf (18) ESpaf tmuf rde;f uav;awGukd vdiyf ikd ;f qdik &f mtoH;k csz@kd / 'grrS [kwf t
wif;t=uyftrd af xmifðyzd@k ppfwyfx0J ifcikd ;f &ifvnf; uav;ppfom;ajrmufygw,f?
uav;ppfom;yaysmufa&; 0dik ;f 0ef;vkyaf qmifay; 3

CS Kook.pmd 3 11/13/2006, 12:44 PM

 etzwyfrawmfxJrSm uav;
ppfom;aygi;f ckEpS af omif;ausm±f w dS ,f
vd@k Edik if wH umu cef@reS ;f xm;ygw,f?
'gt
h jyif etzudak wmfveS af ewJh vuf
eufuikd w f yfz@GJ awGrmS vnf; uav;ppf
om; ajcmufaxmifavmuf±rdS ,fv@kd cef@
rSe;f xm;ygw,f?

trsm;pkuawmh qENrygbJ twif;

t=uyf0ifcikd ;f vd@k jzpfygw,f? uav;awG[m
zrf;qD;+y;D 0ifcikd ;f vd@k jzpfap/ +crd ;f ajcmuft=uyf
udik v
f @kd jzpfap/ rodem;rvnfru _ kd tcGiahf umif;
,l+y;D aoG;aqmifzsm;a,mif;cH&vd@k jzpfap/ w
tdrw f a,mufr0ifrae& trde@f xw k cf &H vd@k jzpf
ap ppfwyfxaJ &mufvm=uwwfygw,f?

4 uav;ppfom;yaysmufa&; 0dik ;f 0ef;vkyaf qmifay;

CS Kook.pmd 4 11/13/2006, 12:44 PM

 wcsKŒd uawmh rdom;pkp;D yGm;a&;
tqifrajyvd@k / pmar;yJu G s+y;D pdw"f mwfus
vd@k / wcsKŒd uawmh ppf0wfp0kH wf&wmudk o
abmusv@kd ud, k o hf abmeJ@u, kd f toufr
jynfb h J ppfwyfx0J ifvmwmvnf; ±Syd gw,f?

wcsKŒd uawmh jynfwiG ;f ppfumvxJ

vufeufuikd pf pfwyfawGu ud, k rhf o
d m;pk
tay:/ ud, k v hf rl sK;d awGtay: &uf&ufpuf
pufowfjzwfwmudk ud, k af wG@&ifqikd cf &hJ yg
w,f? 'Dvv kd yk cf w hJ w hJ yfawGtay: jyefvuf
pm;acscsiv f @kd 0ifwmrsK;d vnf;±Syd gw,f?
wcsKŒd uawmh ud, k vhf rl sK;d tcGit hf a&;
twGuf wdu k af ewJw h yfawGut kd m;us+yD;
0ifcsiv
f @dk 0ifvmwmawG/ wcsKŒd uawmh ppf
wyfx0J ifvu kd &f if tcGet f aumufawG ay;
p&mrvdak wmhb;l qdw k hJ rufv;kH eJ@0ifvmwm
awGvnf;±Sdygw,f? b,fvdkta=umif;
a=umifb
h J 0ifvmwmjzpfjzpf touf (18) ESpaf tmufuav;awG ppfwyfxaJ &mufae&if uav;ppfom;
ajrmufygw,f?
uav;ppfom;yaysmufa&; 0dik ;f 0ef;vkyaf qmifay; 5

CS Kook.pmd 5 11/13/2006, 12:44 PM

 olw@kd awGukd uif;
vSn/hf uif;apmif/h &efol
wyfawGukd xd;k ppfwu kd yf GJ
awGrSm yg0ifcdkif;avh±Sdyg
w,f?

uav;awGukd ppfoifwef;awGwufcikd ;f
+y;D t±G,af &muf+y;D wJh wjcm;ppfom;awGvkd a±•S
wef;rSm ppfwu kd cf ikd ;f ygw,f?

6 uav;ppfom;yaysmufa&; 0dik ;f 0ef;vkyaf qmifay;

CS Kook.pmd 6 11/13/2006, 12:44 PM


uav;ppfom;awGukd a±•S
wef;awGrmS qd&k if txuft&m±Sd
awGu pdw"f mwfrmausmapzd@k qw
&nf±, G cf suef @J awG@or#±mG awGukd
rD;±_Œd zsuq f ;D cdik ;f wm/ ypPn;f awGukd
vk,cl ikd ;f wm/ vlawGuEkd ydS pf ufowf
jzwfcikd ;f wm/ trsK;d orD;awGukd apmf
um;cdkif;wmawG vkyfcdkif;avh±Sdyg
w,f?
CS Kook.pmd 7 11/13/2006, 12:44 PM
wcsed xf rJ mS bJ uav;ppfom;awGukd ppfwyf
pcef;tvkyaf wGjzpfwhJ uif;apmif/h a&cyf/ xrif;csu/f
opf0g;ckw/f qufo, G af &;ajrmif;wl; tvkyaf wGom
rubJ ppfwyftjyifrmS um;vrf;/ &xm;vrf;azmuf
wJh tvkyrf sK;d awG/ ppfwyf&yH akH iG pDru
H ed ;f awGjzpfwhJ pdu
k f
ysKd;a&;/ arG;jrLa&;/ tkwfzkwfvkyfief;awGrSmvnf;
r!‡mrwm apcdik ;f wwfygw,f?
kd hJ
wcsKŒd wyfawGrmS qd&k if uav;awGukd
owif;yd@k qufom;wm0efrsK;d / &efoŒl owif;pHpk rf;wJh
axmufvSrf;a&;wm0efrsKd;/ &efolawGvmrJhvrf;rSm
rdik ;f axmifww hJ m0efrsK;d / wyfawG&ahJ ±Sr› mS wdu
k u f if;
xGucf ikd ;f wmrsK;d vdk tE &W m,frsm;vSwt hJ vkyaf wGukd
a±G;cs,cf ikd ;f avh±ydS gw,f?
uav;ppfom;yaysmufa&; 0dik ;f 0ef;vkyaf qmifay; 7
 ±kyfydkif;qdkif&m
oufa&mufra_ wGukd
ajym&&if uav;ppf
om;jzpfoGm;wmeJ@
tjcm;uav;awGvkd
ausmif;qufwuf ppfyaGJ wGrmS yg0ifwu kd cf u
kd &f wJt
h wGuf
vd‹k r&awmhwmawG/ xdcu kd 'f %f&m&Edik o f vdk toufq;kH ±_;H Edik wf hJ
zH@G òz;&rJt
h ±G,rf mS t tE &W m,fvnf; ±SEd ikd yf gw,f? pdwyf ikd ;f qdik &f m
[m&vHv k akH vmufavmufrpm;&bJ yifyifyef;yef;tvkyv
f yk f qd;k usK;d awGuawmh rdom;pke@J aysmaf ysm±f i$ ±f i$ f
&vd@k ruse;f rrmjzpfwmawG/ vHv k akH vmufavmuf tem;,l aevd@k r&bJ wuJw G jym;pDa&mufaewJh tjzpf
tyef;ajzcGihf r&wmawG óuHawGŒ&ygw,f? awGygy?J

8 uav;ppfom;yaysmufa&; 0dik ;f 0ef;vkyaf qmifay;

CS Kook.pmd 8 11/13/2006, 12:44 PM

 trsm;qH;k awG@&wmuawmh vufeufuikd pf pfyt GJ =um;rSm t=urf;zufra_ wGukd
usL;vGew f wfatmifapcdik ;f cH&+yD; rSeu
f efwo
hJ eG o
f ifq;kH rr_ r±Sw
d t
hJ wGuf uav;ppf
om;awG[m pdw±f ikd ;f 0ifomG ;wwf=uygw,f? tjcm;olawGtay: taumif;rjrifwwf
wJh tqd;k jrifoal wG jzpfvmwwf=uygw,f? tjcm;olawGukd tEdik u f si/hf t=urf;zuf
vdw
k ohJ al wG/ qdq
k ;kH rcufwo hJ al wG jzpfvmwwf=uygw,f?

wcsKŒd uav;awG=uawmh ud, k u

hf , kd u
f ,kd ,
f =kH unfrr_ ±Sad wmhbJ rvky&f rJ udik &f J
awmhwmwd‹k / txD;usev f mwmwd‹k / tm;i,fpw d ±f o
dS mG ;wmwd@k cHpm;&+y;D b0ar#mv f ifh
csurf o
hJ mG ;=uygw,f? wcsKŒd uav;ppfom;awGqkd rl;,pfaq;0g;oH;k pJo G al wG/ ud,k u
f sihf
w&m;ysuo f al wG jzpfuek w f wf+y;D wcsKŒd qdk owfaowJt h xd jzpfomG ;wwfygw,f?
'Dvjkd zpf&yfrsm;[m ppfwyfrmS omruyJ ppfwyfuxGu+f yD; t&yfom;
b0udk jyefa&mufomG ;=uwJh uav;awGrmS vnf; jzpfavh±w dS mudk awG‹&ygw,f?

uav;ppfom;yaysmufa&; 0dik ;f 0ef;vkyaf qmifay; 9

CS Kook.pmd 9 11/13/2006, 12:44 PM

 vufeufuikd pf pfyaGJ wGxJ uav;awGukd
yg0ifapwm[m uav;awGtwGuf aumif;usK;d r±SEd ikd f
ygb;l ? txufrmS azmfjyxm;wJh qd;k usK;d awGuo kd m jzpf
apygw,f? t=urf;zufr_eJ@ ±SifoefcJh&wJhuav;[m
wdkufcdkuf/ &efvkyfwwfwJhuav;awG jzpfvmwwfyg
w,f? tem*wfyikd ±f iS af wGjzpfwhJ uav;awGrmS tckvkd
rsK;d b0awGukd &ifqikd jf zwfoef;vmcJ&h +yD; qd;k usK;d awG
oufa&mufae&if uav;awGtwGuaf &m/ tem*wf
wckv;kH twGuyf g aumif;Edik rf mS r[kwyf gb;l ?
10 uav;ppfom;yaysmufa&; 0dik ;f 0ef;vkyaf qmifay;
CS Kook.pmd 10
aemufwckuawmh tckvdkrsKd;
b0awGe@J &ifqikd óf uHawG@c&hJ wJh uav;
awG[m t=urf;zufra_ wGe@J ,Ofyg;ae
wwfygw,f? tjcm;olawGukd t=urf;
zuf&if;eJ@ t=urf;zufro _ o H &mudk quf
vufvnfywfapEdik yf gw,f? uav;ppf
om;trsm;qH;k toH;k ðyaewJh Edik if aH wGukd
11/13/2006, 12:44 PM
 aemufxyf tcsuw f csuu f awmh uav;awGukd
ppfom;tjzpf toH;k ðywm[m Edik if w H umrSmowfrw S f
xm;wJh uav;tcGit hf a&; owfrw S cf suaf wGukd csK;d
=unh&f if zH@G òz;wd;k wufr_ edru hf sae+y;D t=urf; azmufwmjzpfv@kd ygb?J uav;tcGit hf a&;eJ@ywfouf+y;D
zufra_ wG/ qif;&Jerd u hf sra_ wG &ifqikd af e&wJh Edik if w
H umu av;pm;vdu k ef mzd@k wm0ef±w dS hJ uav;t
Edik if aH wGjzpfaewm awG@&ygw,f? cGit hf a&;pmcsKy&f hJ tyd'k f (38) rSmqd&k if uav;ppfom;
'ga=umifh t=urf;zufre_ @J qif;&Jerd hf awG toH;k rðyzd@k wdwu d sus azmfjyxm;ygw,f? uav;
usra_ wGukd wm;qD;Edik zf @kd twGuf uav;awG awGukd ppfom;tjzpftoH;k ðywm[m uav;awG&t hJ
tay: t=urf;zufrj_ zpfwhJ uav;ppfom; aumif;qH;k tusK;d udk OD;pm;ay;&r,fqw kd hJ uav;tcGihf
toH;k ðyr_ukd &yfwef@z@kd vdw k mjzpfygw,f? ta&;pmcsKy&f hJ rl0g'eJ@ rudu k nf yD gb;l ?

uav;ppfom;yaysmufa&; 0dik ;f 0ef;vkyaf qmifay; 11

CS Kook.pmd 11 11/13/2006, 12:44 PM

 uav;ppfom;toH;k ðywm[m
Ô uav;tcGit hf a&;qdik &f mpmcsKyf?
Ô uav;tcGit hf a&;qdik &f mpmcsKy. f aemuf
qufwpGJ mcsKyf
Ô tjynfjynfqikd &f m tvkyo f rm;tzJ@G csKyf
(tdik t
f ,ft)kd &Jh oabmwlpmcsKyt f rSwf (182)/
Ô *seD AD moabmwlpmcsKyf aemufqufwJG (2)
Ô Ekid if w H um &mZ0wfrq _ ikd &f mw&m;±H;k vkyf
xH;k vkyef nf;awGukd csK;d azmuf&ma&mufygw,f?
uav;ppfom;udt k oH;k ðywm[m uav;tcGit hf a&;qdik f
&mpmcsKy&f hJ tyd'k f (38) udk csK;d azmuf&ma&mufygw,f? 'Dtyd'k rf mS
touf (15) ESpu f av;rsm;udk ppfwyfx0J ifa&mufciG rhf ðy&vd@k qdk
xm;ygw,f? 'Dtoufukd uav;tcGit hf a&;qdik &f mpmcsKy&f hJ aemuf
qufwpGJ mcsKyrf mS touf (18) ESpv f @kd wd;k jri‡ ohf wfrwS vf u kd yf gw,f?
'DaemufqufwpGJ mcsKyfrmS qdk tpd;k &wyfawGomrubJ tpd;k &r
[kww f hJ vufeufuikd t f zJ@G awGuvnf; touf (18) ESpaf tmuf
uav;awGukd ppfyaGJ wGt=um;rSm wdu k ±f u kd rf yg0ifcikd ;f zd@k qdx
k m;
ygw,f?

12 uav;ppfom;yaysmufa&; 0dik ;f 0ef;vkyaf qmifay;

CS Kook.pmd 12 11/13/2006, 12:44 PM

 uav;ppfom; toH;k ðywmeJ@ywfoufwhJ
aemufxyfEikd if w H umpmcsKyfwckuawmh tjynfjynfqikd &f m
tvkyo f rm;tzJ@G csKyf (tdik t
f ,ft)kd &Jh oabmwlpmcsKyf
trSwf (182) jzpf+y;D vufeufuikd pf pfyt JG wGi;f
uav;awGukd ppfrx _ rf;apcdik ;f wm[m tqd;k 0g;qH;k aom
uav;vkyt f m;apcdik ;f r_ypkH w
H ckv@kd qdxk m;ygw,f?
Edik if t
H pd;k &awGtaeeJ@ ppfyt JG wGi;f uav;toH;k ðyr_ukd
tjrefq;kH &yfwef@atmifvyk af qmifz@kd wdu k w
f eG ;f xm;ygw,f?

ppfyt
GJ wGi;f vdu
k ef musio
hf ;kH &rnfh pnf;urf;csuaf wGe@J ywfoufwhJ
*seD AD moabmwlpmcsKy&f hJ aemufqufwpJG mcsKyf (2) rSmqd&k ifvnf; vufeuf
udik yf ÉdyuQtwGi;f rSm yg0ifaewJh vufeufuikd w f yfzŒJG awG[m uav;ppfom;
rsm;udk ppfrr_ xrf;cdik ;f &bl;vd@k qdx
k m;jyefygao;w,f?

Ekid if w
H um&mZ0wfrq _ ikd &f mw&m;±H;k vkyx f ;kH vkyef nf;rSmvnf;
touf (15) ESpaf tmufuav;awGukd ppfrx _ rf;ckid ;f wm 'grrS [kwf ppfr_
rxrf;rae&Oya'awG jyXmef;+y;D ppfrx _ rf;cdik ;f wm[m ppfyq JG ikd &f m
&mZ0wfrw
_ &yfajrmufw,fv@kd azmfjyxm;ygw,f?

uav;ppfom;yaysmufa&; 0dik ;f 0ef;vkyaf qmifay; 13

CS Kook.pmd 13 11/13/2006, 12:44 PM

 ppfrx_ rf;aeqJ uav;ppfom;rsm;
udk ppfwyfrjS yefvnfz,f±mS ;zd‹k twGuf ouf
qdik &f m vufeufuikd t f zG‹J rsm;eJ‹ a'ot
wGi;f ±Sd jynfov l xl &k hJ yl;aygi;f vufwaJG qmif
±Gurf [ _ m txl;ta&;ygvyS gw,f? uav;
ppfom;awGukd wm0efxrf;aqmifaewJh ppf
wyfuae olw@kd &rhJ v l b0rSm jyefvnft
om;usapzd@k twGuf vkyaf qmifr,fq&kd if
vkyaf qmifoifw h ,fv@kd ,lqxm;wJh tqifh
oH;k qif±h ydS gw,f?

Ð 'Dtqifah wGukd æ
D - Disarmament vufeufzsuo f rd ;f jcif;
D - Demobilization ppfrx_ rf;tjzpfuae E_wx f u
G cf iG ðhf yjcif;/
R - Reintegration jyefvnfaygi;f pnf;tom;usapjcif;vd@k ac:ygw,f?
twdak umufq&kd if DDR vkyif ef;pOfayg?h avhvm=unf=h u&atmifæ

14 uav;ppfom;yaysmufa&; 0dik ;f 0ef;vkyaf qmifay;

CS Kook.pmd 14 11/13/2006, 12:44 PM

 vufeufzsuo
f rd ;f jcif; qdw
k m ppfwyfe@J vufeufuikd f
wyfzŒGJ awGrmS ppfrx_ rf;aeaom uav;ppfom;awG
qDuae olw@kd uikd af qmifxm;wJh vufeufawGukd
pepfwusjyefvnford ;f ,l+y;D 'DvufeufawGuv kd òkH cH
wJah e&mrSm odr;f qnf;vdu k wf m 'grrS [kwf zsuq f ;D
pGe‹f ypfvu
kd wf mudak c:wmyg? uav;awGukd
ppfom;tjzpfuae &yfwef@Eikd zf @kd yxrOD;qH;k
vufeufawGðzwford ;f vdu k wf mudk yxrt
qift h aeeJ@ vkyaf qmifwmjzpfygw,f?

ppfrx
_ rf;tjzpfrS Ekwx
f u
G cf iG ðhf yjcif; qdw
k m yxrt
qifth aeeJ@ vufeufawGðzwford ;f vdu k +f y;D wJh u
av;awGukd wm0efuae w&m;0ifEw k xf u G cf iG ðhf y
vdu
k af =umif; rSwyf w kH ifay;wJh 'kw, d tqifjh zpfyg
w,f? rSwyf w kH if+y;D E_wx f uG cf iG ðhf ywmoufoufr
[kwb f J olw@kd ppfrx _ rf;cJw
h ahJ e&muae wjcm;vHòk cH
pdwcf s&wJah e&mudk yd@k ay;wm/ olw@kd wawG csucf si;f
vdtk yfwhJ tultnDawG Oyrm - tpm;tpm/
vrf;p&dw/f t0wftpm;awGukd axmufyaHh y;wm
awGuvnf; 'D'w k , d tqifrh mS tóu;H 0ifygw,f?

uav;ppfom;yaysmufa&; 0dik ;f 0ef;vkyaf qmifay; 15

CS Kook.pmd 15 11/13/2006, 12:44 PM

 jyefvnfaygif;pnf;tom;usapjcif; qdw
k m ppfrx
_ rf;tjzpfuae E_wx
f u
G cf iG ðhf yvku
d f
wJuh av;awGukd pdwyf ikd ;f eJ@±yk yf ikd ;f jyefvnfðypkapmifah ±Smufay;wmawG/ olw@kd &rhJ b
d
tkyx f rd ;f ol/ ywf0ef;usit f odik ;f t0dik ;f awGeŒJ jyefvnfaexdik w
f thJ cgrmS tqifajy
ajyeJΠjyefvnfaexdik Ef ikd af tmif ukpm;avhusiahf y;wmawG/ ud, k af jcaxmufay:udk
jyefvnf&yfwnfEikd zf Œkd twGuf vkt d yfwt hJ oufarG;0rf;ausmif;ynm&yfawGukd oif
=um;ay;wmawGukd vkyaf qmifwt hJ qifjh zpfygw,f?

uav;ppfom;awG[m ppfrx _ rf;pOfu pdwyf ikd ;f ESi±hf yk yf ikd ;f qdik &f m t=urf;zufra_ wGukd &ifqikd óf uHawGŒ
vmcJ&h wJoh al wGjzpfwt hJ wGuf 'DcpH m;&wmawGyaysmuf+y;D rlvywf0ef;usit f odik ;f t0dik ;f =um;rSm jyefvnf
tom;us ±Sio f efEikd zf Œkd twGuf jyifqifay;zdŒk vdt k yfygw,f? uav;awGe@J ywf0ef;usit f odik ;f t0dik ;f t=um;
tjyeftvSeef m;vnfr±_ ±dS edS @J tom;usus aexdik Ef ikd v f mapatmif !dE‡ ikd ;f ulnaD y;wmawGuvJ 'Dtqifrh mS
yg0ifygw,f? wu,fv@kd wcsKŒd uav;awGrmS jyefp&mrdbawGr±Sad wmh&if oufqikd &f meD;pyf&m aqGrsK;d awGukd
qufo, G af y;wm/ arG;pm;rJo h al wG±&dS if pHpk rf;ay;wmawGvJ jzpfEikd yf gw,f?
16 uav;ppfom;yaysmufa&; 0dik ;f 0ef;vkyaf qmifay;

CS Kook.pmd 16 11/13/2006, 12:44 PM

 u|Eyfk wf ‹kd ywf0ef;usirf mS 'Dvyk if ef;pOfawGtwdik ;f wGi;f ppf r+y;D ao;wJt h csed u
f xJu vufeufuikd pf pfyaGJ wG
wdwu d sus vkyaf qmifwmr±Sad o;ayrJh wcsKŒd ywf0ef; xJrmS yg0ifaewJh uav;awGukd umuG,af pmifah ±Smufz@kd
usiaf 'oawGrmS ppfwyfuxGuaf jy;wdr;f a±SmifvmwJh twGuf bmoma&;acgi;f aqmifawGe@J vlrt _ zG@J tpnf;
uav;ppfom;awGukd ae&mxdik cf if;pDpOfay;wm/ ausmif; acgi;f aqmifawGu pwif+y;D vkyaf qmifcyhJ gw,f? jynfol
jyefwufcdkif;wm/ tvkyf±Smay;wmawGudkawmh vkyf vlxek @J uav;rdbrsm;awGukd pnf;±H;k +y;D eD;pyf&mywf0ef;
aqmifwwfwmawG@&ygw,f? uav;ppfom;awG toH;k usirf mS aysmufq;Hk oGm;wJu h av;rsm;udk jyefppkH rf;±SmazG
ðycJw
h hJ wcsKŒd Edik if aH wG txl;ojzifh tmz&duEdik if aH wGrmS um uav;awGtwGuf óuqkad &;pcef;awGukd ud, k x f l
,leq D uftzJŒG eJ@ oufqikd &f mtpd;k &awG/ vufeufuikd f ud, k xf zGiv hf pS cf w
hJ mawG ±Scd yhJ gw,f? uav;ppfom;b0
tzJ@G tpnf;awGe@J &yf±mG jynfov l x l ak wGvufw+GJ yD; 'D uae óuqdak &;pcef;qDukd a&mufvmwJh uav;ppfom;
vkyif ef;pOfawGukd óu;pm;taumiftxnfazmfc=hJ uyg awGuv kd J bmoma&;/ ,Ofaus;r_qikd &f moef@pifjcif; t
w,f? wcsKŒd atmifjrifra_ wG±o dS vdk wcsKŒd tpDtpOfawG crf;tem;awG usi;f yay;+y;D awmh pdwyf ikd ;f qdik &f m jyefjrifh
uawmh odyaf tmifjrifrr_ ±Sw d mudv k nf; awG@&ygw,f? wufvmatmif vkyaf qmifay;cJyh gw,f? 'Dvv kd yk af qmif
&0rf'gEdik if H rSmqd&k if tpd;k &uOD;aqmif+y;D ppfwyfxu J ay;wma=umifh uav;awGe@J olw@kd &rhJ b d awG/ vlrt _ odik ;f
uav;awGudk ppfr_xrf;tjzpfuae E_wfxGufapcJhyg t0dik ;f awGuykd g pdwyf ikd ;f qdik &f m/ vlra_ &;qdik &f mt& tm;
w,f? 1995 ckEpS rf mS uav;ppfom;aygi;f 2364 OD;udk ay;r_jzpfapcJ+h y;D vlrb _ 0 jyefvnfaygi;f pnf;apr_tay:
tpd;k &u ppfrx _ rf;uae Ekwx f u G af pcJyh gw,f? uav; trsm;}u;D taxmuftul jzpfapcJyh gw,f?
awG&hJ av;yko H ;Hk ykuH kd olw@kd &hJ rdbaqGrsK;d awGe@J jyefvnf uGe*f Ekd ikd if H rSmawmh uav;ppfom;awGut kd oH;k ðycJw hJ hJ
aygi;f pnf;ay;Ekid cf yhJ gw,f? *drk m;ol vufeufuikd t f zG@J e@J ukvor*~at*sipf jD zpfwhJ
,l*ef'gEkid if H rSmqd&k if tpd;k &r[kww f hJ tzJ@G awGu yxr ,leq D ufw@kd !‡Ed id_ ;f aqmif±u G +f y;D yl;aygi;f vkyaf qmifcw hJ hJ
OD;qH;k OD;aqmif+yD; uav;ppfom;yaysmufatmif vkyf twGuf 'DtzJŒG u uav;ppfom;aygi;f 104 OD;udk ppfr_
aqmifcw hJ m awG@&ygw,f? ,l*ef'gEidk if rH mS jzpfaewJh jynf xrf;tjzpfuae E_wx f uG af pEkid cf yhJ gw,f? ppfrx _ rf;u
uav;ppfom;yaysmufa&; 0dik ;f 0ef;vkyaf qmifay; 17

CS Kook.pmd 17 11/13/2006, 12:44 PM

 E_wx f u G v f mcJw h hJ uav;awG&hJ rdom;pkaemufa=umif; tcgrmS vnf; uav;awGpw d yf su+f yD; xGuaf jy;wmrsK;d
&mZ0ifawGukd tjynfjynfqikd &f m =uufajceDtzJ@G e@J twl vnf;±Syd gw,f?
a'ocHjynfov l x l u k yl;aygi;f pHpk rf;cJ+h y;D uav;awGukd aemufwckjzpfcJhwmqdk&if vlr_b0jyefvnft
oufqikd &f mrdom;pkawGpD jyefy@kd Eikd cf yhJ gw,f? om;us aygi;f pnf;a&;twGuf óuwifppD Ofxm;wmawG
tckvkd uav;awGukd vufeufzsuo f rd ;f ay;wm/ r±Sv d @kd uav;awG[m ysK;d axmifa&;pcef;awGrmS &uft
ppfrx _ rf;uae E_wx f uG cf ikd ;f wm/ vlra_ &;t& jyefvnf uef@towfr±Sd =umjrifo h mG ;wmrsK;d jzpfcyhJ gw,f? rlvu
aygi;f pnf;apwmawGukd vkyaf qmif&mrSm aoaocsmcsm ysK;d axmifa&;pcef;rSm oH;k vbJ=umr,f cef@reS ;f xm;ayrJh
jyifqifrr_ ±Sw d t hJ wGuf ratmifjrifwhJ tjzpftysuaf wG 'Duav;awG&hJ jyefvnftom;usaygi;f pnf;a&;udk b,f
vnf;±Syd gw,f? wcsKŒd awGatmifjrifco hJ vdk qH;k ±H;_ cJwh t hJ vdkpDpOf&rSef;rodwJhtwGuf ajcmufvuaeudk;vcefŒ
jzpftysuaf wGvnf; ±Scd b hJ ;l ygw,f? jzpf&yfwckrmS qd&k if txd =umoGm;wJt h cgrmS uav;wcsKŒd [m qufraeEkid f
ppfrx _ rf;u E_wx f u G vf mwJu h av;awGukd aoaocsm awmhbJ xGuaf jy;+y;D vrf;ay:rSm avvGio hf mG ;=uovdk
csmjyifqifrr_ ±Sb d J axmufyaHh =u;xkwaf y;+y;D oGm;vd&k m wcsKŒd uvnf; ppfwyfawGxJ jyefvnfa&mufomG ;cJb h ;l wJh
oGm;cdik ;f vdu k wf t hJ cgrmS uav;awG[m tdrv f nf;jyef tjzpftysuaf wG ±Scd b hJ ;l ygw,f?
ra&muf/ axmufyahH =u;awGuv kd J vd&k moH;k ypfvu kd w f hJ 'ga=umifh uav;ppfom;awGukd ppfrx _ rf;uae
twGuf uav;awG[m aq;orm;/ t&uform;b0 E_wx f u G af p+y;D uav;b0yDyo D oeJ@ jyefvnftom;
eJ‹yJ vrf;awGay:rSm tqH;k owfomG ;cJw h jhJ zpf&yfrsK;d ±Scd zhJ ;l usatmif vkyaf qmifwt hJ cgrmS a&wd/k a&±Snt f pDtpOf
ygw,f? awGukd pepfwus csrw S t f aumiftxnfazmfz@kd vdt k yf
aemufjzpf&yfwckrmS qd&k if ðypkysK;d axmifa&;pcef; vSygw,f? oufqikd &f mtpd;k &/ vufeufuikd w f yfz@GJ awG&hJ
awGudk xlaxmifxm;ayrJh uav;awG&Jhtem*wft yl;aygi;f aqmif±u G rf o_ mru jynfov l x l &k hJ yg0ifaqmif
wGuf jyifqifay;wJt h pDtpOfawGukd pepfwus rvkyaf y; ±Gurf v _ nf; vdyk gw,f? 'DtpDtpOfawGukd taumift
cJv
h Œkd uav;ppfom;tcsKŒd [m ysK;d axmifa&;pcef;uae xnfazmfwahJ e&mrSm uav;awGukd ppfwyfxu J xGuf
jyefxu G af jy;cJzh ;l =uygw,f? pcef;rSm apmifah ±Smufwo hJ l ap±Hk oufoufuo kd m vkyaf qmifv@kd r&Edik yf gb;l ? xGuf
awGeŒJ wm0ef,w l o hJ al wG[m uav;ppfom;awGvyk cf hJ vmwJh uav;awGukd jyefvnfysK;d axmifz@kd b,fae&mrSm
bl;wJh uav;awG&hJ pdwyf ikd ;f tajctaeudk em;rvnfwhJ bmtpDtpOfawG vkyaf y;rvJ/ olw@kd awGukd aEG;aEG;axG;
18 uav;ppfom;yaysmufa&; 0dik ;f 0ef;vkyaf qmifay;

CS Kook.pmd 18 11/13/2006, 12:44 PM

 axG;b,fvq kd ufqrH vJ/ jyefvnfysK;d axmifr_ tpDtpOfawGt+y;D rSm olw@kd &hJ rdb&yf±mG t
odik ;f t0dik ;f xJrmS jyefvnfaygi;f pnf; tom;usapzd@k twGuf b,fvjkd yifqifay;rvJqw kd m
awGukd aoaocsmcsmjyifqif+y;D taumiftxnfazmfz@kd vdyk gw,f?

vkyEf ikd w
f mawGtrsm;}u;D ±Syd gw,f/ uav;ppfom;awG[mvJ uav;awGbjJ zpf+y;D olw@kd av;awG&hJ
b0aumif;rSom aemiftem*wfb0 om,mvSyrSmjzpfwt hJ wGuf vkyEf ikd w
f mawGukd vky=f unh=f u&atmifæ

Ô tvG,u f q l ;kH vkyEf ikd wf muawmh uav;awGukd ppfom;tjzpfrapcdik ;f oifb h ;l qdw

k m vltrsm;em;
vnfoabmaygu+f y;D vufcu H siohf ;kH vmatmif ajymjyay;yg?
Ô rdryd wf0ef;usirf mS uav;ppfom;tjzpf ac:aqmifapcdik ;f cH&wm/ toufrjynfb h J ppfwyfx0J ifomG ;
wm±S&d if pHpk rf;+y;D oufqikd &f mtzJ@G tpnf;awGe@J vl@tcGit hf a&;v_@H aqmfoal wGukd today;ta=umif;=um;yg?
jzpfEikd &f if jyefac:Edik af tmifóu;d pm;yg?
Ô uav;ppfom;awG wyfuxGuv f m&if olw@kd awGtay: pmemem;vnf+y;D aEG;aEG;axG;axG; ,k,k
,,qufqyH g? uav;awG&@J vHòk caH &;twGuf apmifah &Smufay;yg?
Ô uav;ppfom;awGtwGuf pDpOfvyk af qmifwhJ ynma&;tpDtpOftygt0if ðypkysK;d axmifa&;vkyif ef;
awG/ pdwyf ikd ;f / ±kyyf ikd ;f qdik &f m tultnDay;wJt h pDtpOfawG/ vlrb _ 0twGi;f jyefvnftom;us aygi;f pnf;
atmifvyk w f hJ vkyif ef;awGrmS rdrw d wfEikd o f avmuf yl;aygi;f yg0ifyg?
Ô uav;ppfom;rsm;toH;k ðy&jcif;&Jh ta=umif;&if;jzpfwhJ jynfwiG ;f ppf&yfpaJ &;twGuf 0dik ;f 0ef;vkyf
aqmifyg? jrefrmEdik if t H wGi;f +ird ;f csr;f a&;wnfaqmufrv _ yk if ef;rsm; wd;k wufatmifvyk af qmifyg?

uav;ppfom;yaysmufa&; 0dik ;f 0ef;vkyaf qmifay; 19

CS Kook.pmd 19 11/13/2006, 12:44 PM

 tckq&kd if uav;ppfom;toH;k ðyr_ &yfwefŒatmif bmvkyEf ikd rf vJ odomG ;+yDayg/h
uJ'gq&kd ifæ ud,
k b
f mvkyrf vJpOf;pm;&if; uav;awGeŒJ aysm±f i$ af ewJh rdom;pkyakH v;udk
aq;a&mifpckH s,=f unfyh gvm; æ?

CS Kook.pmd 20 11/13/2006, 12:44 PM