-1

1.

2
(petroleum-based biodegradable plastics)
(bio-based biodegradable
plastics)

(biomass)
(Polylactic Acid, PLA) (Polylactide)
(Polyhydroxyalkanoates, PHAs)

Cargill Dow
LLC Natureworks LLC ()
PLA Metabolix, Inc. () PHAs
PHAs
ADM ()
.

Profile

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5 .. 2002 12 .. 2010
20 .. 2030
(reuse)
(recovery) 85 1
.. 2006

(compostable) 12

(biomass)

(New Wave Industries) 14 2549

Profile

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(value creation) (value-added)

2.

2.2

Profile

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2.2

Innovia Films

EB

Natura

/ /

NatureWorks

.. 2005
Novamont

Pacovis

Huhtamaki

( )

/
/

Profile

-5

NoDax

/
/

NNZ

Novamont

Novamont

/
/

Gunze

Gunze

/ /

Sony

Sony

notebook Sanyo
NatureWorks

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3.

( 2.1) .. 2003
169 200 / 5
.. 1985 - .. 2000
Institute for Prospective Technological Studies IPTS
Clean Technology in the Material Sector

.. 2020
.. 2020 - .. 2030 5

2.1 .. 1970 .. 2003

( Y: .. 1970 100 5 .. 1970
.. 2003 .. 2003 169 )
: SPMP-CIPAD-IISI-PECHINEY-PARDOS MARKETING An analysis of plastics consumption and recovery in
Europe 2002&2003, http://www.plasticseurope.org

2.2
.. 1991 .. 2003

2.1 .. 2003
38.1 98.1 //
5

Phylipsen, D.; Kerssemeeckers, M.; Blok, K.; Patel, M.; de Beer, J., Eder, P. (Ed.), Wolf, O. (Ed.) (2002): Clean technologies in the materials
sector Current and future environmental performance of material technologies. European Commission - Institute for Prospective Technological
Studies (IPTS), Seville, 2002, EUR 20515EN.

Profile

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2.3

30

2.2 .. 1999 2003

: An analysis of plastics consumption and recovery in Europe 2002&2003, http://www.plasticseurope.org.

2.3 (recycling) (energy recovery)

.. 2002
1
= (+)/
2 = / 3

: An analysis of plastics consumption and recovery in Europe 2002-2003, http://www.plasticseurope.org

Profile

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4.

(complex)6
PLA
PLA
2 40-50
NatureWorks LLC PLA

Hycial 60 - 65
40 60
(acidulation) PLA7 Hycial

(whey permeate) .. 2006 .. 2007

PBS
Showa Highpolymer

50 .. 2003 85 .. 2030

1.96 /
5,000 / 0.5 / 75,000 /
PBS 3 - 3.5 /
PHAs
PHAs Biomer 20 / Biopol

2
Metabolix 10 - 12 /

(fermentation broth)

6
7

Bastioli, C. (2003): Mater-Bi: Biodegradable Material for Various Applications, in Steinbuchel, A. (ed): Biopolymers, Wiley-VCH.
Hycail (2003):Personal communication with Chris Claesen of Hycail B.V., Noordhorn, the Netherlands. 23 June 2003.

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40 - 50
E. coli
8
5.

(Value chain)
Bio-plastics: Value Chain

From Low to high

5.1 -
(Fermentation)

PHAs

Jogdana, S. (2003). Personal homepage of S.N.Jogdand, Mumbai, India. http://members.rediff.com/jogsn/BP14.htm. Accessed 11 Sep 2003.

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(Polymerization)



(condensation):

(addition):

(ring-opening):

5.2
(Compounding)

(additive)
(plasticizer) (compatibilizer) (filler)
(reinforcing agent) (nucleating agent)
(Processing)

(injection molding) (extrusion)
(blow molding) (thermoforming)
(compression molding)

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6.

6.1

()
() ()



4.3
1

(/)

4.3

4.5

1 ( 100) 43,350
.

Profile

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80 76,500
40,000

22,000

16.9 (1.3 /.)

22,000

3.5 %

100 %
43,350

37.5 %

59 %

0.26 (3.2 /.)

838

2.80 (3.99 /.)

12,160

2.71 (9.28 /.)

30,350

1.61
20,150

80 %
0.07

76,500

0.2
(PLA: 120-320 /.)
40,000

0.07 (15 /.)

1,050

0.38

0.38
(14 /.)
5,320

0.19
479
0.65

9,490

4.5
: .. 2548
. 2 17
Evaluation and Identification for Raw Intervention Ideas for Thailands Tapioca Subsector
AgriSource Co. Ltd.
: 1 3,650

6.2

4.1
-

PLA

Profile

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PHAs
Lactic acid

Succinic acid

1,3-Propanediol

PLA PBS

4.1
( )

6.3
9

(1)

(2)
(3)
PE
(4)

(5)

(6)

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(7)

(8)

(9)

7.

1.
2.
4 1 8
31 6 105
1.5 47
-

3.
Starch-based tecghnology

PLA
technology

PHAs
4. GTZ Biodegradable Plastics society
() Biodegradable Products Institute
5.

1. (value creation)
2.

Profile

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3.

4.

5.

8.

400
100 300 200 /
60,000 20,000 Modified starch 45,000 Lactic Acid
30,000 polylactic Acid 10,000 Lactic Acid
4 400,000 polylactic
Acid 0.34 2,000

200 /60,000 20,000 Modified starch 45,000
Lactic Acid 30,000 polylactic Acid 10,000 Lactic Acid
600,000 polylactic Acid 5,500

9.

Profile

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25

7.1 HDPE LDPE
PHA PE

- (Green House Gas,
GHG)

PE
-

Profile

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(BOD)
(COD)
/



BOD

10.

5 (.. 2550 ..
2554) 4
10.1
2,000
10.2
/ / PHAs

10.3


10.4

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( 4,500 )

3,000
1
1,500
(value creation) (value-added)

( 500 )
50
300

100


100
( 500 )
400

100

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.

Profile