Ammonia

Uses of Ammonia

Properties of Ammonia

The Stages in The Manufacture of Ammonia

Haber Process

Examples of Ammonium Fertilisers Ammonium phosphate Ammonium nitrate Ammonium sulphate

How to Measure The Effectiveness of Ammonium Fertilisers? It could be measured through determining its percentage of nitrogen content. Plants needs nitrogen to grow. Usually nitrogen is absorbed by plants in soluble nitrate ions from soils. Ammonium fertilizers consist of ammonium ions. Bcteria in the soils convert ammonium ions into nitrate inos which absorbed by plants together with water. Fertiliser with higher percentage of nitrogen content is more effective.

Preparation of Ammonium Nitrate

Aim Material : To prepare ammonium : 1 mol dm ammonia solution, NH3(aq), 1 mol dm nitric acid, NO3, red litmus paper.

Apparatus : 250 cm beaker, glass tripod, tripod stand, Bunsen burner, wire gauze, filter funnel, filter asbestos tile.

Procedure : 1. Measure 50 cm of 1 mol dm nitric acid, HNO3, with a measuring cylinder and pour into a 250 cm beaker. 2. Add 1 mol dm ammonia solution, NH3(aq), drop by drop from a dropper into the nitric acid, NHO3 while stirring until an excess amount is used (when ammonia is melt) 3. Pour the mixture into an evaporating dish. 4. Boil the mixture until it evaporates to form a saturated solution. 5. Cool the saturated solution to room temperature until crystal salts form. 6. Filter and rinse the crystals with a little cold distilled water. 7. Dry the salt crystals on a filter paper. Analysis : Neutralisation occurs between acid, HNO3, and ammonia solution, ..............NH3 (aq), and can be represented by the chemical equation below : 2NH3 (aq) +HNO3 NH4NO3

Conclusion : Ammonium nitrate, NHNO3, salt can be prepared from the reaction ..between nitric acid, HNO3, and ammonia solution, NH3 (aq) Discussion : 1. The mixture formed in the beaker can be tested from time to time with red litmus paper. The adding of ammonia solution, NH(aq) , drops are stopped when red litmus paper turns blue. 2. The chemical equation between ammonia aqueous solution and nitric acid, HNO, can be written as below : HNO3 (aq) + 2NH4OH(aq) NH4NO3 (aq) + 2H2O(l) However, only about 2% of the dissolved ammonia forms ammonium and hydroxide ions.