140

lwpuk izkS|ksfxdh dk vk/kkj

Chapter -10
XML Schema

,Dl-,e-,y- Ldhek
DTD ds leku gh xml dk mi;ksx Hkh XML dh lajpuk fu/kkZfjr djus ds fy, fd;k tkrk gSA XML
Schema, XML MkWD;weV
as ds lkjs rRoksa o ,VhC;wV~l dh fyLV nsrk gS rFkk lkFk gh lkFk ;g Hkh crkrk gS fd
;g rRo fdl e esa iznf'kZr gksx
a s rFkk ;g Hkh crkrk gS fd budk MkVk VkbZi D;k gksxkA ekbkslkWV us XML
fLdek dks cukus ds fy, ,d Hkk"kk cukbZ gS ftls XML Schema Definition (XML Ldhek Msdhus'ku) dgrs

gSaA
DTD rFkk XSD esa vUrj &
(1) XSD }kjk rRoksa rFkk ,VhC;wVksa ds MkVk VkbZi dk Hkh fu/kkZj.k fd;k tk ldrk gS tcfd DTD esa lHkh
MkVk VkbZi ds fy, dsoy # PCDATA dk mi;ksx gksrk gSA
(2) XSD esa ge Loa; ds vuqlkj MkVk VkbZi cuk ldrs gS tcfd DTD esa ,slk laHko ugha gSA
(3) XSD esa MkVk ij daVky
s dj ldrs gS tSls fd ge fu'pr dj ldrs gS fd fdlh rRo esa lafpr lwpuk
+Positive Intiger gh gksuh pkfg,A
(4) DTD dks cukoV] XML MkWD;weV
as ls fHkUu gksrh gS tcfd XSD dh cukoV] XML dh cukoV ds leku
gh gksrh gS vr% XSD cukuk vklku gksrk gSA
XSD ds MkVk VkbZi & XSD ds lHkh rRo fdlh u fdlh MkVk VkbZi ls curs gSaA MkVk VkbZi rRo
esa fufgr lwpuk ds VkbZi dk fu/kkZj.k djrk gSA XSD ds MkVk VkbZi fuEu izdkj ds gksrs gS &
(1) fizfefVo (Primitive)
(2) fMjkbo (Derived)
(3) ,VkWfed (Atomic)
(4) fyLV (List)
(5) ;wfu;u (Union)

fizfefVo MkVk VkbZi & ;g MkVk VkbZi vU; izdkj ds MkVk VkbZiksa dk vk/kkj gSa blesa lkekU; MkVk
VkbZi vkrs gSaA bu MkVk Vkbiksa esa rRo ;k ,VhC;wV ugha gksrs gSa ;s dsoy oSY;w LVksj djrs gSaA
Primitive data tape
String
Decimal
Float
Boolean

Description

;g
;g
;g
;g

v{kjksa dk lewg gSA

n'keyo vadksa dk lewg gSA
32 bit singe peciesion floating point uEcj gSA

;wfu;u lR;@vlR; dks n'kkZrk gSA

,Dl-,e-,y- Ldhek
Time Duration
Recurring Duration

141

;g le; dks n'kkZrk gSA

;g ml f;k dks iznf'kZr djrk gS tks ,d le; i'pkr~ iqu% nksgjkbZ tkrh gSA

Derived data types fMjkbo MkVk VkbZi

;g fizzfefVo MkVk VkbZi dk mi;ksx djds cus gSaA ;g cus cuk, gks ldrs gSa rFkk ;wtj }kjk Hkh cuk;k
tk ldrs gSA
e.g. intiger ,d cuk cuk;k MkVk VkbZi gS tks Mslhey ls cuk;k x;k gSA
Derived data type

Base data type

Description

integer

decimal

long
non negative integer
positive integer
int
date

integer
integer
long
long
time duration

;g decimal digits dks n'kkZrk gS ftuds lkFk $ ;k & Hkh n'kkZ

ldrs gSaA
;g integer ls vf/kd jast dk gksrk gSA
integer tks 0 gksA
integer tks > 0 gksA
lower range integer
time period tks ,d fnu ds midnight ls vkjEHk gks o vxys
midnight ij lekIr gksxhA

Atomic ,VkWfed MkVk VkbZi &

,sls MkVk VkbZi ftls vkSj NksVs Hkkxksa esa ugha ckV ldrsA
;g MkVk VkbZi fizfefVo ;k fMjkbo gks ldrs gSaA
e.g. string ,d fizfefVo MkVk VkbZi gS tks vkSj NksVs Hkkxksa tSls dSjsDVj esa ugha rksM+k tk ldrkA
List fyLV MkVk VkbZi &
;g fMjkbo MkVk VkbZi gS tks vusd ,Vkfed MkVk VkbZi ds oSY;w LVksj j[krk gSA
Union ;wfu;u MkVk VkbZi &
;g ,VkWfed o fyLV MkVk VkbZi ls fMjkbo gqvk gSA
dLVe MkVk Vkbi
mijksDr ds vfrfjDr xsd esa dLVe MkVk Vkbi Hkh cuk ldrs gSa &
;g nks izdkj ds gksrs gSa &
*
Simple flEiy MkVk VkbZi
*
Complex dkEiySDl MkVk VkbZi
Simple flEiy MkVk VkbZi &
blesa dsoy oSY;w tSls fd uEcj] fLVx
a o MsV~l mi;ksx esa yh tkrh gSA buesa pkbYM rRo ;k ,VC;wV
ugha gksrs gSaA
,d flEiy MkVk VkbZi dks fuEu izdkj ?kksf"kr fd;k tkrk gS &
<xsd : elementname = "element name" type = "datetype" min occurs = "non negative integer
"max occurs =
"non negative integer / unbounded" / >

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142

bl rRo esa fuEu ,VhC;wV gksrs gSa &

Attribute
Name
Type
Min occurs

Max occurs

Description

;g ftl rRo dks ?kksf"kr djrk gS mldk uke crkrk gSA

;g ftl rRo dks ?kksf"kr djrk gS mldk MkVk Vkbi crkrk gSA
;g crkrk gS fd rRo de ls de fdruh ckj izdV gks ldrk gSA ;fn bldh oSY;w
0 gS rks bldk vFkZ gS fd ;g rRo oSdfYid gS o ;fn 0 ls vf/kd oSY;w gS rks bldk
vFkZ gS fd bl rRo dh mifLFkfr vfuok;Z gSA rFkk ;g fn, x, uEcj ftruh
ckj izdV gksuk pkfg,A
;g crkrk gS fd rRo dks T;knk ls T;knk fdruh ckj izdV gksuk pkfg,A ;fn blesa
unbounded fy[kk x;k gS rks bldk vFkZ gS fd og rRo fdruh ckj Hkh izdV gks
ldrk gSA

Example
<PRODUCT DATA>
<PRODUCT PRODUCTID = "p001" CATEGORY= "Books">
<PRODUCT NAME> C Programing </ PRODUCT NAME>
<DESCRIPTION> Book is useful for biggners </ DESCRIPTION>
<PRICE> 26.00</PRICE>
<QUANTITY> 85 </QUANTITY>
</PRODUCT>
</PRODUCTDATA>

mijksDr mnkgj.k esa PRODUCTNAME, DESCRIPTION, PRICE o QUANTITY ,sls rRo gSa
tks simple date type }kjk ?kksf"kr fd, tk ldrs gSa D;ksfa d buesa dksbZ vU; rRo ;k ,VhC;wV ugha gSA bu rRoksa
dks ge fuEu izdkj xsd esa ?kksf"kr dj ldrs gSa &
<xsd : element name = "PRODUCT NAME" type = "xsd : string"/>
<xsd : element name = "DESCRIPTION" type = "xsd : string"/>
<xsd : element name = "PRICE" type = "xsd : positive integer"/>
<xsd : element name = "QUANTITY" type = "xsd : non negative integer"/>
e.g. <EMP NAME> Saroj Sharma </EMP NAME>
<EMP ADDRESS> 10, lions streed, delhi </ EMP ADDRESS>
<EMP PHONE> 172 - 693 - 2148 </ EMP PHONE>

mijksDr dksM esa <EMP PHONE> dh lajpuk dks ?kksf"kr djus ds fy, lk/kkj.k MkVkVkbZi mi;ksxh
ugha gSA bl izdkj ds flaiy Vkbi ds fy, facets QSlsV dk mi;ksx fd;k tkrk gSA ;g flaiy Vkbi ds
,VhC;wV~l gksrs gSaA

,Dl-,e-,y- Ldhek

Length
Min lenght
Max lenght
Pattern
Ennumeration

143

Facets of string data types

;g non negative integers gksrs gSa rFkk string dSjsDVjksa dk uEcj crkrk gSA

;g
;g
;g
;g

MkVk VkbZi }kjk j[kh tk ldus okyh fefuee oSY;w dks crkrk gSA
MkVk VkbZi }kjk j[kh tk ldus okyh eSDlhee oSY;w dks crkrk gSA
og jsX;wyj ,Dlizs'ku crkrk gS ftls MkVk VkbZi dh oSY;w ls eSp djokuk gSA
oSY;w ds ,d lSV dks n'kkZrk gSA

mijksDr e.g. esa <EMP PHONE> dks facet pattern dk mi;ksx dj fuEu izdkj ?kksf"kr dj ldrs
gSa &
<xsd : simpletype name = "PHONE NO.">
<xsd : restriction base = "xsd : string">
<xsd : lengh value = "10"/>
<xsd : pattern value = "\d{3} - \d {3} - \d{3}/>
</xsd : restriction>
</xsd : simple type>
mijksDr mnkgj.k esa ,d flEiy Vkbi phone no dks ?kksf"kr fd;k x;k gSA blesa length o pattern,
facets dks pst
a fd;k x;k gSA ;g MkVk VkbZi 10 dSjsDVlZ dk gksuk pkfg, vr% geus ;g lenght esa oSY;w 10
fu/kkZfjr dh xbZ gSA rFkk ;g bldk iSVuZ ddd-ddd-dddd fu/kkZfjr fd;k x;k gSA ;g \d ,d jsX;wyj ,Dlizs'ku
gS tks fMftV dks iznf'kZr djrk gSA ;gk { } dk mi;ksx ,Dlizs'ku esa fn[kus okys fMftVksa ds uEcj dks crkrk
gS vFkkZr~ ;g \d{3} crkrk gS fd 3 fMftV fy[ks tkus gSaA
vc bl MkVk VkbZi dks <EMP PHONE> ds lkFk tksM nsaxAs
<xsd : element name = "EMP PHONE" type = "PHONE NO" />
Complex type element dks ?kksf"kr djuk &

;g dkWEiySDl Vkbi vU; rRoks]a ,VhC;wV o fefJr dUVsaV dks LVksj djrk gSA dkWEiySDl VkbZi rRo dks
?kksf"kr djus ds
fy, lcls igys dkEiySDl Vkbi dks ?kksf"kr djuk iM+rk gSA dkEiySDl Vkbi dks fuEu izdkj ?kksf"kr dj
ldrs gS &
<xsd : complextype name = "data type name">
contact model declaration
</xsd : complextype>
;gk content model declaration esa rRo o ,VhC;wV ?kksf"kr fd, tkrs gSaA
<xsd : complextype name = "PRDT">
<xsd : sequence>
<xsd : element name = "PRODUCT NAME" type = "xsd:string"/>
<xsd : element name = "DESCRIPTION" type = "xsd:string"/>
<xsd : element name = "PRICE" type = "xsd:positiveInteger"/>
<xsd : element name = "QUANTITY" type = "xsd:nonNegativeInteger"/>
</ xsd : sequence>
<xsd : complextype>

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144

;g bl prdt dkEIySDl Vkbi dks fuEu izdkj mi;ksx ysx

a s
<xsd : element name = "PRODUCT" type = "PRDT"/>
XML MkWD;weasV dks oSyhMsV djuk &
;g pSd djus ds fy, fd XML MkWD;weVas XML Ldhek ds vuqlkj cuk;k x;k gS ,d oSyhMsfVax iklZj
}kjk bls ikl djokuk iM+rk gSA ;fn XML MkWD;weVas Bhd gS rks ;g iklZj bls iklZ djus nsxk ijUrq ;fn XML
MkWD;weaVs lgh ugha gS rks iklZj errors ?kksf"kr dj nsxkA
Product.xml
e.g. <xml version ="1.0">
<PRODUCT DATA>
<PRODUCT>
<PRODUCT NAME> ms office </PRODUCT NAME>
<DESCRIPTION> It will colur, word, exel, ponnerpont </DESCRIPTION>
<PRICE> 250 </PRICE>
<QUANITITY> 12 </QUANTITY>
</PRODUCT>
</PRODUCT DATA>
products. xsd.
<xsd : schema xmlns xsd = "http://www.w3org/2001/xml schema">
<xsd : element name = "PRODUCT DATA" type = "PRDATA"/>
<xsd : comptex type name = "PRDATA">
<xsd : sequence>
<xsd : element name = "PRODUCT" type ="PRDT"/>
<xsd : sequence>
</xsd : complex type>
<xsd : complex type name = "PRDT">
<xsd : sequence>
<xsd : element name = "PRODUCT DATA" type = "xsd : string"/>
<xsd : element name = "DESCRIPTION" type = "xsd : string"/>
<xsd : element name = "PRICE" type = "xsd : positiveInteger"/>
<xsd : element name = "QUANTITY" type = "xsd : nonNegativeInteger"/
>
</xsd : sequence>
</ xsd : complex type>
</ xsd : schema>

,VhC;wV ?kksf"kr djuk &

XML Ldhek eas ,VhC;wV fuEu izdkj ?kksf"kr dj ldrs gSaA

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,Dl-,e-,y- Ldhek
<xsd:attribute = "attribute name" type="type name" use = "value" value = "value">
Name of attribute

Description

;g ,VhC;wV ds uke dks ?kksf"kr djrk gSA

;g crkrk gS fd ;wtj MhdkUM ,VhC;wV fdl Vkbi dk gSA
;g crkrk gS fd xml MkWD;weaVs esa ,VhC;wV dSls mi;ksx esa fy;k tkrk gSA

name
type
use

use ,VhC;wV ds lkFk mi;ksx esa yh tkus okyh oSY;w

Value

Description

Optional
Default
Required
Fixed

;g crkrk gS fd bl ;wtj fMQkabM ,VhC;wV dk mi;ksx

vfuok;Z ugh gSA ;g use ,VhC;wV dh MhQkWYV oSY;w gksrh gSA
;g ;wtj fMQkbUM ,VhC;wV dh MhQkWYV oSY;w crkrk gSA ;fn
bl ,VhC;wV dh dksbZ oSY;w ugha nh xbZ gks rks MhQkWYV oSY;w
dks mi;ksx esa fy;k tkrk gSA
;g crkrk gS fd bl ,VhC;wV dh oSY;w nsuk vko';d gSA
;gn oSY;w ugha nh tk,xh rks osyhMs'ku ds le; error nkkZbZ
tk;sxh
;g crkrk gS fd ;wtj fMQkbYM ,VhC;wV dh oSY;w fQDl
gS rFkk og cny ugha ldrhA

Example
<xsd : attribute name "DCODE">
type ="xsd : string" use = "optional" />
<xsd : attribut name = "DISCOUNT"
type = "xsd : string" use = "default"
value = "10"/>
<xsd : attribut name = "PRODID"
type = "xsd : string" use = "required"/>
<xsd : attribute name = "DISCOUNT"
type = "xsd : positiveInteger"
use = "fixed" value = "10"/>

Books.xml
e.g. 2<books xmlns : xsi = "http://www.w3.org/2001/xml schema">
<BOOKS>
<BOOK BID ="B 101">
<TITLE> programming in HTML </TITLE>
</ BOOK>
<BOOK BID = "B 102">
<TITLE> web designing </TITLE>
</ BOOK>
</ BOOKS>
Books.xsd
<schema xmlns : xsd = http : //www.w3.org/2002/xml schema - instance" xsl :
schemaLocation = file : // c:/ xme programs / Books.xsd" >
<xsd : element name = "BOOKS">
<xsd : compler type>
<xsd : sequence>
<xsd : element name = "BOOK" type = "BKT"/>
</xsd : sequence>

lwpuk izkS|ksfxdh dk vk/kkj

</xsd : complex type>
<xsd : complex type name = "bkt">
<xsd : sequence>
<xsd : element name = "TITLE" type = "xsd : string" />
</xsd : sequence>
</xsd : complex type>
</ schema>

egRroiw. kZ fcUnq
1. bldk iwjk uke XML Schema Definition gS A
2 blds }kjk XML dh lajpuk ?kksf"kr dh tkrh gS A
3 blesa vyx vyx MkVk Vkbi dk mi;ksx fd;k tk ldrk gS A
4 blesa LIST, UNION tSls MkVkVkbi Hkh mi;ksx es ys ldrs gS A
5 XSD esa nks dkj ds MkVk Vkbi cuk, tkrs gS &
6 ljy MkVk Vkbi o tfVy MkVk Vkbi
7 ljy MkVk Vkbi (Simple Data type) dsoy ewy MkVk Vkbi ls feydj curs gS A
8 tfVy MkVk Vkbi es ewy MkVk Vkbi rFkk vU; ljy MkVk Vkbi gks ldrs gS A

vH;kl iz 'u
cgq p ;ukRed iz ' u
(1) fuEu es ls dkSu XSD dk MkVk Vkbi ugh gS &
v ffefVo
c fyLV
l #PCDATA
n ;wfu;u A

(2) ,slk MkVkVkbZi ftls vkSj NksVs Hkkxksa esa foHkDr ugha fd;k tk ldrk dgykrk gS&
v ffefVo
c fMjkbo
l ,VkWfed
n buesa ls dksbZ ugha A

(3) XSD esa ,VhC;wV cukrs le; type D;k crkrk gS
v ,VhC;wV dk dkj
c ,VhC;wV dk MkVk Vkbi
l rRo dk dkj
n rRo dk MkVk Vkbi A

(4) fuEu esa ls dkSu ,VhC;wV ls lacaf/kr ugha gS &
v Vkbi
c Max Occurs

146

147

,Dl-,e-,y- Ldhek
l Min Occurs
n mijksDr lHkh lacaf/kr gS A
(5) ______________ String Datatype dk ,d QSlsV gS A
v Simple Datatype
c #REQURRED
l ID
n Pattern.
vfry?kq R rjkRed iz ' u
(1) XSD dk iw.kZ :i D;k gS \
(2) XSD dks fdl ,DlVsaku ls ?kksf"kr fd;k tkrk gS A
(3) LIST D;k gS \
(4) Recurring Duration ls vki D;k le>rs gS \
(5) dLVe MkVkVkbi fdrus dkj ds gksrs gS \
y?kq R rjkRed iz ' u
(1) XSD dk D;k dk;Z gS \
(2) XSD,DTD ls csgrj D;ks ekuh tkrh gS \
(3) flEiy o dkEIySDl MkVkVkbi esa vUrj crkb,
(4) Min Occurs o Max Occurs ls D;k rkRi;Z gS \
(5) XSD esa ,d element dh ?kks"k.kk dSls djrs gS \
fuc/kkRed iz ' u
(1) fuEu ds fy, XSD dk fuekZ.k dhft, A
<BOOKS>
<BOOK>
<AUTHOR></AUTHOR>
<TITLE></TITLE>
<PRICE></PRICE>
</BOOK>
</BOOKS>
(2) String VkbZi ds fofHkUu QSlsVksa dk o.kZu dhft, A
(3) dkIySDl MkVkVkbZi D;k gksrk gS A bls dSls cuk;k tkrk gS A