ALLOMETRIC CASCADE

However, yet another approach has recently been advanced: the allometric cascade model for metabolic rate (Darveau et al., 2002). This model acknowledges two important considerations: first, the non-isometric changes in the bodys segments that accompany growth and development and training induced hypertrophy; and second, the tripartite nature of SO2 and in particular, SO2max. The SO2max is the global outcome of the rate at which the body can extract oxygen from the atmosphere via the cardiopulmonary system, transport it via the cardiovascular system and use it in skeletal muscle. The ability to release energy is as strong as the weakest part of this three-link chain. Darveau et al. (2002) ascribed a weighting to each of these three facets and predicted an exponent for maximal and submaximal metabolic rate. For the former the exponent was between 0.82 and 0.92. For the latter, equivalent values were 0.760.79. Seemingly successful attempts have been made to validate these exponents in exercising humans (Batterham and Jackson, 2003).

RECOMMENDATIONS

In the light of these considerations and the possible confusion they create, how should the results of exercise tests be expressed? To report the results of laboratory and field-based tests which meaningfully reflect the performance and physiological status of athletes and exercisers, investigators should: Report absolute values of performance measures and physiological characteristics. Report ratio standards only when Tanners special circumstance has been satisfied. For expediency, use the surface law exponent of 0.67 to scale SO2 or other related assessments of energy expenditure for differences in body mass or the size of exercising segments. Verify the choice of a particular exponent but acknowledge that because of sampling errors comparisons between groups might be compromised. For SO2 and SO2max consider applying the allometric cascade model.

REFERENCES
strand, P.-O. and Rodahl, K. (1986). Textbook of Work Physiology, 3rd edn. New York: McGraw-Hill. Batterham, A.M. and Jackson, A.S. (2003). Validity of the allometric cascade model at submaximal and maximal metabolic rates in men. Respiratory