Dng 3.

Bi tp hn hp kim loi tc dng vi axit Nitric to hn hp kh Cc bc gii : - t n l s mol ca cc kim loi hoc cc kh ban u v lp mi lin h da vo cc d kin ban u nu c t khi th lp ct t khi - Vit cc qu trnh oxi ho v qu trnh kh v a t l mol vo . - Lp phng trnh lin h : tng mol e nhng =tng mol e nhn - Kt hp cc phng trnh gii v rt ra yu cu ca bi ton. Cu 1: Hoa tan hoan toan hn hp gm 0,1 mol Fe va 0,2 mol Al vao dung dich HNO 3 d thu c hn hp khi X gm NO va NO2 co ti l mol tng ng la 2:1. Vy th tich cua hn hp khi X (ktc) la: A. 86,4 lit B. 8,64 lit C. 19,28 lit D. 192,8 lit Cu2. Cho 16,6 gam hn hp 2 kim loi Fe v Al vo trong dung dch H2SO4long d th thu c 11,2 lt H2(ktc). Cng lng kim loi trn cho vo dd dch HNO3 long d th thu c V lt hn hp kh A bao gm N2 v N2O c dA/H2 =36. Tnh V? Cu3. Cho 10,02 gam hn hp gm Al v Mg vo dung dch HNO3 long d th thu c hn hp kh gm : 0,1mol NO ; 0,05 molN2 ; 0,025 mol N2O v dung dch X . - Tnh % khi lng ca mi kim loi trong hn hp - Cho dung dch NH3 ti d vo X th thu c bao nhiu gam kt ta. - Cho dd NaOH ti d vo th thu c bao nhiu gam kt ta. Cu4: Hoa tan ht 4,431 gam hh kim loai gm Al va Mg trong dd HNO 3 loang thu c dd A va 1,568 lit hh khi X u khng mau, co khi lng 2,59 gam, trong o co mt khi bi hoa nu trong khng khi. Vy % theo khi lng cua mi kim loai trong hh bng: A. 12% va 88% B. 13% va 87% C. 12,8% va 87,2% D. 20% va 80% Cu 5: Chia 10 gam hn hp gm: Mg, Al, Zn thnh hai phn bng nhau. t chy hon ton phn mt trong O2 d thu c 21 gam hn hp oxit. Phn hai ha tan trong HNO3 c, nng d thu c V (lit) NO2 (sn phm kh duy nht) ktc. Gi tr ca V l: A. 44,8 lt. B. 89,6 lt. C. 22,4 lt. D. 30,8 lt. Cu6. (Khi - 2007) Ha tan hon ton 12 gam hn hp Fe, Cu (t l mol 1:1) bng axit HNO3, thu c V lt ( ktc) hn hp kh X (gm NO v NO2) v dung dch Y (ch cha hai mui v axit d). T khi ca X i vi H2 bng 19. Gi tr ca V l A. 2,24 lt. B. 4,48 lt. C. 5,60 lt. D. 3,36 lt. Dng 4. Xc nh lng mui to thnh v s mol axit nitric tham gia phn ng khi cho kim loi tc dng vi axit nitric. Xt bi ton : Cho kim loi M phn ng vi dung dch HNO 3 to ra hn hp sn phm kh gm NO2 ,NO , N2O , N2 , NH3 (NH4NO3) - Tnh s mol axit tham gia phn ng - Tnh khi lng mui to thnh Thng qua cc bn phn ng theo phng php in electron Ta c n NO3_ to mui = ne nhng = ne nhn - m mui = mkl + m NO3 to mui = mkl + (3 n NO + n NO2 + 8 n N2O + 10 n N2 + 8 n NH4NO3 ) 62 - n axit tham gia phn ng = 2 n NO2 + 4 n NO + 10 n N2O + 12 n N2 + 10 n NH4NO3 Cu1. cho 12g hn hp gm nhiu KL cha bit ha tr em ha tan va vn trong 100ml dung dch HNO3 sinh ra hn hp kh gm 0.01mol N 2 v 0.02mol N2O. a. tnh khi lng mui to thnh b. tnh Cu 2: Hoa tan ht 2,88 gam hh kim loai gm Fe va Mg trong dd HNO 3 loang d thu c 0,9856 lit hh khi X gm NO va N2 ( 27,30C va 1 atm), co ti khi so vi H2 bng 14,75. - Tnh s mol axit tham gia phn ng - Tnh khi lng mui to thnh

Cu3. Cho 1,35 gam hn hp gm Cu, Mg, Al tc dng ht vi dung dch HNO3 thu c hn hp kh gm 0,01 mol NO v 0,04 mol NO2. Tnh khi lng mui to ra trong dung dch. A. 10,08 gam. B. 6,59 gam. C. 5,69 gam. D. 5,96 gam. Cch 1: t x, y, z ln lt l s mol Cu, Mg, Al. Nhng e: Thu e: Cu = Cu + 2e x x 2x
+5 +2 2+

Mg = Mg + 2e y y 2y
+5 +4

2+

Al = Al + 3e z z 3z

3+

N + 3e = N (NO) N + 1e = N (NO2) 0,03 0,01 0,04 0,04 Ta c: 2x + 2y + 3z = 0,03 + 0,04 = 0,07 v 0,07 cng chnh l s mol NO3 Khi lng mui nitrat l: 1,35 + 620,07 = 5,69 gam. (p n C) Cch 2: Nhn nh mi: Khi cho kim loi hoc hn hp kim loi tc dng vi dung dch axit HNO3 to hn hp 2 kh NO v NO2 th n HNO3 = 2n NO2 + 4n NO n HNO3 = 2 0,04 + 4 0,01 = 0,12 mol p dng nh lut bo ton khi lng: mKL + mHNO3 = mmui + mNO + mNO2 + mH2O 1,35 + 0,1263 = mmui + 0,0130 + 0,0446 + 0,0618 mmui = 5,69 gam.

Cu 4: Cho 1,35 gam hh gm Mg, Al, Cu tac dung ht vi HNO3 thu c hh khi gm 0,01 mol NO va 0,04 mol NO2. C can dd sau phan ng thu c hh mui vi khi lng la: - Tnh s mol axit tham gia phn ng - Tnh khi lng mui to thnh Cu5. Ho tan hon ton hn hp 7,92 gam Na , Mg , Al va trong 500m1 dung dich HNO3 1,65M thu c V lt N2O l sn phm kh duy nht. Tm V v khi lng mui thu c A. 1,848 lt - 48,84g; B. 3,08 lt- 42,A2 g C.2,05lit - 53,38g D. 3,696 lit - 28,38g Dng 5. GiI bi ton khi cho fe ngoi khng kh to hn hp cc oxit ri cho tc dng vi axitnitric Bi ton t ra nh sau : Bi ton 1. Cho m gam Fe ngoi khng kh sau mt thi gian c m1 gam hn hp gm Fe , FeO , Fe2O3,Fe3O4.Cho hn hp ny tc dng vi dung dch HNO3 to kh a mol kh X NO2(hoc NO , N2O, N2) - Tnh m theo m1 v a ? - Tnh m1 theo a v m S dng phng php bo ton e : Bi ton 2. Cho a gam hn hp X gm Fe, FeO, Fe2O3 ,Fe3O4 tc dng vi axit nitric long to ra b mol NO (NO2 , N2O , N2) . - Tnh khi lng mui to thnh - tnh s mol axit tham gia phn ng NO3- + 3e + 4H+ NO + 2 H2O 3b 4b b mol +5 S mol e m N nhn = s mol O oxi ho Fe ln Fe+3 S gam hn hp X ti a l : a +
3b x16 gam 2

 s mol Fe(NO3)3 trong dung dch sau phn ng = 2x[a + 3b.16 ]/160 2 Khi lng mui s mol axit tham gia phn ng = s mol to mui + s mol to NO = 3 n Fe(NO3)3 + 3n NO Bi tp minh ho : Cu1. Nung m gam bt st trong oxi, thu c 3 gam hn hp cht rn X gm Fe , Fe2O3 FeO,Fe3O4 . Ho tan ht hn hp X trong dung dch HNO3 (d), thot ra 0,56 lt ( ktc) NO (l sn phm kh duy nht). Gi tr ca m l: A. 2,62 B. 2,32 C. 2,52 D. 2,22 Cu2. t chy m gam st bi oxi thu c 5,04 gam hn hp A gm cc oxit st. Ho tan hon ton A trong dd HNO 3 thu c 0,035 mol hn hp Y gm NO v NO 2 . T khi hi ca Y i vi hiro l 19 . m c gi tr : A. 3,36 gam B.3,92 gam C.2,8 gam D.mt kt qu khc . Cu3. Cho 11,36 gam hn hp gm Fe, FeO, Fe2O3 v Fe3O4 phn ng ht vi dung dch HNO3 long (d), thu c 1,344 lt kh NO (sn phm kh duy nht, ktc) v dung dch X. C cn dung dch X thu c m gam mui khan. Gi tr ca m l: A. 49,09 B. 34,36 C. 35,50 D. 38,72 Cu4 . Cho hn hp X gm Fe , FeO , Fe3O4 c khi lng 4,04 gam phn ng ht vi dung dch HNO3 d thu c 336 mlNO (sp kh duy nht). S mol axit tham gia phn ng l : A. 0,06 mol B. 0,0975 mol C. 0,18 mol D. 0,125 mol Cu5. t 8,4 gam bt Fe kim loi trong oxi thu c 10,8 gam hn hp A cha Fe2O3 , Fe3O4 FeO v Fe d. Ho tan ht 10,8 gam A bng dd HNO3 long d thu c V lt NO ktc (sn phm kh duy nht). Gi tr V l: A. 2,24 lt B. 1,12 lt C. 5,6 lt D. 3,36 lt Mt s bi tp tng t: 1, Cho m(g) hn hp gm A gm 1,08 Al v hn hp FeO, Fe2O3, Fe3O4, Fe. Tin hnh nhit nhm c hn hp B. Nghin nh sau chia B lm 3 phn bng nhau Phn 1 cho vo HNO3 c nng, d c dung dch C v 0,448lt kh NO (ktc) Phn 2 cho tc dng vi lng d NaOH thu c 0,224 lt H2 (ktc) Phn 3 cho kh CO vo thu c 1,472g cht rn D . Tnh m.? 2, Ha tan hon ton mt oxit FexOy bng dung dch H2SO4 c, nng thu c 2,24 lt SO2 (ktc), phn dung dch c cn c 120 gam mui khan. Xc nh cng thc ca oxit. 3, Nung x mol Fe trong khng kh mt thi gian thu c 16,08 gam hn hp H gm 4 cht rn, l Fe v 3 oxit ca n. Ha tan ht lng hn hp H trn bng dung dch HNO3 long, thu c 672 ml kh NO duy nht (ktc). Tr s ca x l? 4, 44,08 gam mt oxit st FexOy c ha tan ht bng dung dch HNO3 long, thu c dungdch A. Cho dung dch NaOH d vo dung dch A, thu c kt ta. em nung lng kt ta ny nhit cao cho n khi lng khng i, thu c mt oxit kim loi. Dng H2 kh ht lng oxit ny th thu c 31,92 gam cht rn l mt kim loi. Tm cng thc oxit? 5, m gam bt kim loi st ngoi khng kh mt thi gian, thu c 2,792 gam hn hp A gm st kim loi v ba oxit ca n. Ha tan tan ht hn hp A bng dung dch HNO3 long, thu c mt mui st (III) duy nht v c to 380,8 ml kh NO duy nht thot ra (ktc). Tr s ca m l? 6, Hn hp A gm Fe v ba oxit ca n. Ha tan ht m gam hn hp A bang dung dch HNO3long, c 672 ml NO thot ra (ktc) v dung dch D. em c cn dung dch D, thu c 50,82 gam mt mui khan. Tr s ca m l?

7, Mt lng bt kim loi st khng bo qun tt b oxi ha to cc oxit. Hn hp A gm bt st b oxi ha gm Fe, FeO, Fe3O4 v Fe2O3. ti to st, ngi ta dng hidro kh nhit cao. kh ht 15,84 gam hn hp A nhm to kim loi st th cn dng 0,22 mol H2. Nu cho 15,84 gam hn hp A ha tan ht trong dung dch H2SO4 m c, nng, th s thu c bao nhiu th tch kh SO2 iu kin tiu chun ? 8, Ho tan m(g) hn hp gm Fe v cc oxit ca Fe trong HNO3 d thu c 4,48l NO2 v 145,2 g mui khan . Tnh m? 9, m gam phoi bo st (A) ngoi khng kh, sau mt thi gian bin thnh hn hp rn (B) c khi lng 13,6 gam. Cho B tc dng hon ton vi dung dch axit sunphuric c nng thy gii phng ra 3,36 lt kh duy nht SO2 (dktc). Tnh khi lng m ca A? 10, Cho 20 gam hn hp Fe, FeO, Fe2O3, Fe3O4 ha tan va ht trong 700 ml HCl 1M, thu c 3,36 lt H2 (ktc) v dung dch D. Dng 6. giI bi ton tnh lng axitnitric ti thiu khi cho phn ng vi hn hp cc kim loi Bi ton t ra l : cho hn hp gm a mol Fe + b mol Cu . Tnh lng axit nitric ti thiu ho tan ht hn hp trn bit sn phm kh l NO?
Cu1. Cho 11,36 gam hn hp FeO ,Fe , Fe 2O3 , Fe3O4 tc dng vi dung dch HNO3 long d thu c 1,344 lt kh NO( sp kh duy nht) v dung dch X. Dung dch X c th ho tan ti a 14,72 gam C u . S mol HNO3 trong dung dch ban u l :

A.. 0,88 mol B. 0,94 mol C. 0,64 mol D. 1,04 mol Cu2: Cho a gam Fe3O4 tc dng vi 1 lng dich HNO3 sau phn 'ng thu c dung dich X. Cho HCl d vo dung dich X th dung dich thu c ho tan ti a 17,28g Cu. Tfnh a: A.4,176 gam B.3,712 g C.4,64 gam D.41,76 gam Cu3. Th tch dung dch HNO3 1M long t nht cn dng ho tan hon ton hn hp gm 0,15 mol Cu v 0,15 mol Fe ( bit rng sn phm kh duy nht NO) A. 1,8lit B.0,9 lit C.1,2lit D. 1,6 lit Cu4. Ho tan hon ton 17,4 gam hn hp 3 kim loi Al, Fe, Mg trong dung dch HCl d thy thot ra 13,44 lt kh .Nu ly 34,8 gam hn hp trn cho tc dng dng vi CuSO4d , lc ton b cht rn sau phn ng ng vi dung dchHNO3 c nng thu c V llit NO2. Gi tr ca V l : A. 13,44 lit B. 53,76 lit C. 44,8lit D. 26,88 lit
Cu 5: Ho tan 0,1 mol Fe v 0,05 mol Fe 3O4 bng 500 ml dung dch H 2SO4 1M, sau phn ng thu c dung dch X. Cho vo dung dch X mt lng d NaNO 3 th thu c dung dch Y. Khi lng Cu ti a c th b ho tan trong dung dch Y ( bit phn ng ch to ra kh NO duy nht) l: A. 6,4 gam B. 9,6 gam C. 19,2 gam D. 12,8 gam

Cu 6. Cho m gam Fe vo dung dch HNO 3 thu c dung dch A v 11, 2 lt kh NO (ktc). Nh tip HCl 1M t t vo dung dch A cho n khi khng thy kh NO thot ra na th dng ng 800 ml. Vy c cn dung dch A th khi lng mui khan thu c l: (bit s c cn khng xy ra phn ng ha hcb). ( Cho Fe = 56, N =14, O = 16, H =1). A. 169,4 gam B. 229 gam C. 132.2 gam D. 126 gam.
Cu 7: Ho tan ht m gam Fe bng 400 ml dung dch HNO 3 1M sau khi phn ng xy ra hon ton thu c dung dch cha 26,44 gam cht tan v kh NO ( Sn phm duy nht ). Nng ion Fe 3+ c trong dung dch l ( coi th tch dung dch khng thay i trong qu trnh phn ng) A. 0,3M B. 0,05M C. 0,2M D. 0,25M

Cu 8: Cho a gam hn hp gm Cu v CuO vi t l khi lng l 2: 3 tc dng vi dung dch HNO3 2M (d= 1,25g/ml) thu c 4, 48 lt kh NO ( 0 oC v 2 atm). Khi lng ca HNO3 cn dng l: ( Cho Cu =64, O = 16, N = 14, H =1, O =16).

A. 1600gam B. 1700 gam C. 1800 gam D. 1900 gam. Cu 9. Ha tan 5, 04 gam hn hp gm Cu v Al bng dung dch HNO 3 c d thu c hn hp kh X gm NO v N 2O. T khi ca X i vi H 2 bng 18, 5. Bit Cu phn ng vi HNO3 cho NO , Al cho N2O. Khi lng Al trong hn hp l: (Cho Cu = 64, Al = 27, N = 14, O = 16, H =1). A. 2,16gam B. 2,88gam. C. 1,512 gam D. 1,89 gam Cu1. Cho m gam hn hp gm FeS v FeS2vo mt bnh kn cha oxi (d). Nung nng cho n khi pan ng hon ton thu oc kh X v cht rn R. Kh X hp th hon ton trong Ba(OH)2 d xut hin 26,04 gam kt ta. ho tan ht R cn ti thiu 120 ml dung dch HNO3 2M . Gi tr ca M l : A. 13,76 gam B. 8,32 gam C. 4,48 gam D. 4,96 gam Cu2. Ho tan hon ton 9,75 gam Zn trong dung dch Axit nitric long, ton b lng kh NO(sp kh duy nht) c oxi ho hon ton bi oxi thnh NO2 ri sc vo nc cng dng kh oxi chuyn thnh axit nitric. Tng th tch kh oxi tham gia phn ng l: A. 3, 192 lt B. 1,68 lit C. 0, 56 lt D. 1,12 lit Cu3. Cho hn hp gm FeO ,CuO ,Fe3O4 s mol mi cht bng nhau cng tc dng vi dung dch axit nitric thu c 0,09 mol NO2 v 0,05 mol NO . S mol ca mi cht l : A.0,21 B.0,24 C.0,12 D.0.36 Cu5. So snh th tch kh trong 3 th nghim : khi cho cng mt lng Al ln lt vo cc dung dch sau : dung dch NaOH d thy c V1 lt kh H2 thot ra , dung dch KNO3 v KOH thy c V2 lt kh mi khai bay ra ; dung dch HNO3 thy c V3 lt kh khng mu hI nh hn khng kh ( cc kh o cng iu kin nhit v p sut) A. V1 = V2 = V3 B. V1 <V2 <V3 C. V1 > V2 > V3 D. V1 V2 <V3 Cu6. m gam Fe ngoi khng kh, sau mt thi gian Fe b oxi ho thu c hn hp X gim 4 cht rn c khi lng 27,2 gam. Ho tan hon ton X trong 300 ml dung dch HCl aM thy thot ra 3,36 lt H2 v dung dch Y. Cho tip dung dch HNO3 ti d vo dung dch Y thu c hn hp Z gm FeCl3 , Fe(NO3)3 , HNO3 d v 2,24 lt kh duy nht thot ra. Gi tr ca A v m ln lt l : A. 16,8 gam v 2M B. 16,8 gam v 3M C.22,4 garn v 2M D.22,4 garn v 3M Cu 7: Ha tan hon ton 11gam hn hp gm Fe v mt kim loi M c ha tr khng i bng dung dch HCl thu c 0,4 mol kh H 2. Cn khi ha tan 11gam hn hp trn bng dung dch HNO 3 long, d th thu c 0,3 mol kh NO (sn phm kh duy nht). Kim loi M l : A. Cr B. Cu C. Mn D. Al Cu 8: Ha tan 0,3 mol Cu vo lng d dung dch long cha hn hp gm NaNO3 v H2SO4 th : A. phn ng khng xy ra. B. phn ng xy ra to 0,3 mol NO. C. phn ng xy ra to 0,2 mol NO D.phn ng xy ra to 0,6 mol NO2. Cu 9: Cho 13,5 gam Al tc dng va vi dd HNO3, thot ra mt hn hp kh gm NO v N2O c t khi hi so vi H2 bng 19,2. S mol NO trong hn hp bng : A. 0,05 mol. B. 0,10 mol. C. 0,15 mol. D. 0,20 mol. Cu 10: A l hn hp kim loi Fe v Cu. Ha tan m gam A vo dung dch HCl d (khng c khng kh) thu c 3,36 lt kh (ktc). Cng ha tan m gam ny vo dung dch HNO3 c, nng d, thu c 15,456 lt kh mu nu (ktc). Khi lng m bng : A. 20,88 gam. B 16,08 gam. C. 42,96 gam. D.90,32 gam. Cu 11: Ha tan 3,8 gam hn hp C v S trong dung dch HNO 3 c nng, d thu c 19,04 lt hn hp hai kh (ktc). Khi lng C trong hn hp ban u

A. 0,12 gam B. 0,60 gam C. 0,90 gam D. 1,20 gam Cu 12: Ho tan 20,8 gam hn hp bt gm FeS, FeS 2, S bng dung dch HNO3 c nng d thu c 53,76 lt NO2 (sn phm kh duy nht, kc) v dung dch A. Cho dung dch A tc dng vi dung dch NaOH d, lc ly ton b kt ta nung trong khng kh n khi lng khng i th khi lng cht rn thu c l A. 16 gam B. 9 gam C. 8,2 gam D. 10,7 gam Cu13 .Cho m gam hn hp FeO v Fe xOy tc dng vi dung dch HNO 3 d thu c a mol kh NO2. Cng cho m gam hn hp trn tc dng ht vi dung dch H 2SO4 c nng d thu c b mol SO2. Quan h gia a v b l: A. a = 2b B. b = 2a. C. a = 4b D. a = b Cu 14: Trn u 0,27 gam bt Al vi bt Fe 2O3 v CuO ri tin hnh phn ng nhit nhm thu c hn hp X. Cho X tc dng ht vi HNO3 c hn hp kh gm NO v NO2 c t l mol tng ng 1 ; 3. Th tch kh NO v NO2 (ktc) trong hn hp ln lt l: A. 0,336 lit v 0,112 lit. B. 0,112 lit v 0,336 lit. C. 3,36 lit v 1,12 lit. D. 1,12 lit v 3,36 lit 0,3M B. 0,05M C. 0,2M D. 0,25M Cu 15: Ho tan ht m gam Fe bng 400 ml dung dch HNO 3 1M sau khi phn ng xy ra hon ton thu c dung dch cha 26,44 gam cht tan v kh NO ( Sn phm duy nht ). Nng ion Fe 3+ c trong dung dch l ( coi th tch dung dch khng thay i trong qu trnh phn ng)
A. 0,3M B. 0,05M C. 0,2M D. 0,25M