Network Tools

CPSC 441 Computer Communications Tutorial

CPSC 441 Tutorial - Network Tools

ICMP

Internet Control Message Protocol ICMP messages are IP packets Used by network hosts to announce

Network errors Network congestion Network timeouts ICMP Echo Request/Reply messages used in Ping Traceroute
CPSC 441 Tutorial - Network Tools

Not used directly by user except

ICMP Header

ICMP Header starts after IP Header

CPSC 441 Tutorial - Network Tools

ICMP Messages

Destination network/host/port unreachable Source Quench Message Echo Request/Reply (ping) Time Exceeded/TTL Expiry (traceroute)

CPSC 441 Tutorial - Network Tools

Ping

Check if target host is alive

Troubleshoot network connectivity problems

Check RTT ICMP Echo Request

64 byte packet Host replies with ICMP Echo Reply

CPSC 441 Tutorial - Network Tools

Ping - Example
$>ping www.ucalgary.ca Pinging www.ucalgary.ca [136.159.x.x] with 32 bytes of data: Reply from 136.159.34.17: bytes=32 time=1ms TTL=62 Reply from 136.159.34.17: bytes=32 time=43ms TTL=62 Reply from 136.159.34.17: bytes=32 time=1ms TTL=62 Reply from 136.159.34.17: bytes=32 time=33ms TTL=62 Ping statistics for 136.159.34.17: Packets: Sent = 4, Received = 4, Lost = 0 (0% loss), Approximate round trip times in milli-seconds: Minimum = 1ms, Maximum = 43ms, Average = 19ms

CPSC 441 Tutorial - Network Tools

Traceroute

Trace route of packets across the network Command line tools

Traceroute Tracepath Tracert (Windows) Pathping (Win NT based systems)

CPSC 441 Tutorial - Network Tools

Traceroute

Time to Live (TTL)

8 bit field in IP header Specifies the time a packet is allowed to live in the network At each hop, router or host decrements TTL value of packet by 1 When TTL = 1

Packet discarded ICMP Time Exceeded error datagram sent back to source host
CPSC 441 Tutorial - Network Tools

Traceroute

Sends out a batch of packets

First three packets have TTL = 1 Second three packets have TTL = 2 and so on.

Each host along the way sees packet with TTL = 1

Sends ICMP Time Exceeded packet Source host uses these messages to build list of all hosts in the route
CPSC 441 Tutorial - Network Tools

References

http://www.ping127001.com/pingpage.htm http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Internet_Control_Message_Protocol http://www.erg.abdn.ac.uk/users/gorry/course/inetpages/icmp.html

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CPSC 441 Tutorial - Network Tools

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Questions?

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CPSC 441 Tutorial - Network Tools