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    Hoop and Axial Stress in A Cylindrical Shell

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    oinostro
    The document discusses hoop and axial stresses in cylindrical shells. It provides three formulas for calculating hoop stress: (1) the simple theory that hoop stress is equal to pressure times radius divided by two times thickness, (2) Lame's theorem which provides a more accurate calculation, and (3) the ASME code formula which is less accurate than Lame's theorem but more accurate than the simple theory. It also states that axial stress is calculated as pressure times radius squared divided by four times thickness.

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    Hoop and Axial Stress in A Cylindrical Shell

    Uploaded by

    oinostro
    14 views15 pages
    The document discusses hoop and axial stresses in cylindrical shells. It provides three formulas for calculating hoop stress: (1) the simple theory that hoop stress is equal to pressure times radius divided by two times thickness, (2) Lame's theorem which provides a more accurate calculation, and (3) the ASME code formula which is less accurate than Lame's theorem but more accurate than the simple theory. It also states that axial stress is calculated as pressure times radius squared divided by four times thickness.

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    Stresses.pdf

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    The document discusses hoop and axial stresses in cylindrical shells. It provides three formulas for calculating hoop stress: (1) the simple theory that hoop stress is equal to pressure times radius divided by two times thickness, (2) Lame's theorem which provides a more accurate calculation, and (3) the ASME code formula which is less accurate than Lame's theorem but more accurate than the simple theory. It also states that axial stress is calculated as pressure times radius squared divided by four times thickness.

    Copyright:

    Attribution Non-Commercial (BY-NC)
    Download as PDF, TXT or read online from Scribd
    Flag for inappropriate content
    Download as pdf or txt
    14 views15 pages

    Hoop and Axial Stress in A Cylindrical Shell

    Uploaded by

    oinostro
    The document discusses hoop and axial stresses in cylindrical shells. It provides three formulas for calculating hoop stress: (1) the simple theory that hoop stress is equal to pressure times radius divided by two times thickness, (2) Lame's theorem which provides a more accurate calculation, and (3) the ASME code formula which is less accurate than Lame's theorem but more accurate than the simple theory. It also states that axial stress is calculated as pressure times radius squared divided by four times thickness.

    Copyright:

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    Download as PDF, TXT or read online from Scribd
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    of 15

    Hoop and Axial stress in a cylindrical shell

    Consider the forces acting on the Shell from Pressure From pressure Area = D x L Here is the pressure P D

    L Force = Pressure x Area F =PxLxD = PLD

    This is resisted by the internal stress Area = 2 x t x L Stress S

    Stress S

    L Force = Stress x Area F=SxLxtx2 = 2SLt t

    For equilibrium - Forces must be Equal From pressure : F = PDL F = 2SLt PDL = 2SLt Sh = PD 2t

    From internal stress: Equating therefore : Finally :

    This is known as the HOOP STRESS Sh

    Consider now the Axial or Longitudinal Stress Force = Pressure x Area Area = .D2 4 P..D2 F = 4

    Pressure

    Consider now the Axial or Longitudinal Stress Force = Stress x Area Area = .D.t (approx) F = S..D.t Equate F =S..D.t = Thus SL = P .D2 P. 4 Stress

    P.D 4t S

    This is kown as the Axial or Longitudinal Stress

    Comparison of Hoop and Longitudinal Stress

    SL =

    P.D 4t t

    PD Sh = 2t What is the relationship between SL and Sh ? Sh is twice SL or Sh = 2.SL

    True Stress - Lame Theorem We have assumed the stress is like this: PD Sh = 2t Greater than Sh In reality it is like this:

    According to the Lame Theorem (Thick Cylinder Theory) ( Ro2 + Ri2 ) S= P. ( Ro2 - Ri2 ) S > Sh ( (simple p theory) y) S Sh Ri

    Ro

    We now have two formulae for the hoop stress Simple Theory P.D 2t Accurate Lame Equation ( Ro2 + Ri2 ) S= P. ( Ro R 2 - Ri2 ) Notice the similarity Let us now look at the ASME Division 1 Equation q P.( R + 0.6. 0.6.t ) t P.( D + 1.2. . .t ) 2t

    S =

    S =

    We now have three formulae for Hoop Stress

    This is how the three formulae look

    ---- Lame (Accurate) ---- ASME (Less Accurate) ---- Simple Si l (Very (V Inaccurate) I t ) P/S

    Only half the stress - bad! Ro/Ri

    Simple versus ASME formulae t = P.R S P.R t = S - 0.6.P 06P

    This little term makes all the difference

    Consider the cylinder - ASME Code This is the formula per UG-27 in the code: P.R t = S.E - 0.6.P P = Pressure psi

    R = Radius inches S = Design Stress psi E = Welded Joint Efficiency

    Calculations are done the the CORRODED condition

    Effect of the Corrosion Allowance

    R+c R

    All calculations are performed in the CORRODED state

    Effect of the Corrosion Allowance

    R+c R

    Equation becomes: Fi ll Finally:

    t =

    P.(R + c) S.E - 0.6.P

    P.(R P (R + c) t +c= +c S.E - 0.6.P

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