Logaritmos: ejercicios

1) Hallar el logaritmo de:

a) log2 4 = log2 22 = 2 log2 2 = 2 R.
b) log3 27 = log3 33 = 3 log3 3 = 3 R.
c) log2 16 = log2 24 = 4 log2 2 = 4 R.
d) log5 125 = log5 53 = 3 log5 5 = 3 R.
e) log3 243 = log3 35 = 5 log3 3 = 5 R.
f) log2 0,5 = log2 1/2 = log2 1 - log2 2 = 0 - 1 = -1 R.
g) log2 0,25 = log2 1/4 = log2 1 - log2 4 = log2 1 - log2 22 = log2 1 - 2
log2 2 = 0 2 = -2 R.
h) log2 0,125 = log2 1/8 = log2 1 - log2 8 = log2 1 - log2 23 = log2 1 - 3
log2 2 = 0 3 = -3 R.
i) log6 216 = log6 63 = 3 log6 6 = 3 R.
j) log 100000 = log 105 = 5 log 10 = 5 R.
2) Resolver aplicando las propiedades de logaritmos.
a) log (5 . 3) = log 5 + log 3 R.
b) log (23 . 3) = log 23 + log 3 = 3. log 2 + log 3 R.
c) log (7 : 3) = log 7 log 3 R.
d) log (2 . 3 : 4)5 = 5 log 2 + 5 log 3 5 log 4 = 5 (log 2 + log 3 log 4) R.

e)

= log3.5 log 2 = log3 + log 5 log 2 = log 3 + log 5 log 2=

(log 3 + log 5) log 2 //R.

3) Ecuaciones:
a) log2 x + log2 4 = 3
x4=23

log2 x4=3

x4=8

x=8/4

x= 2 R.

b) logx 8 + logx 2 = 2
16=X2

logX 16=2

X2=16

R.// x= - 4 ; x= 4

c) log2 (x3 - 4) = 2
X3- 4 = 22

X3= 4 + 4

X3- 4 = 4

X3= 38

R.// X= 2

d) log (x + 1) + log (x - 2) = 0
log (x + 1) (x - 2) = 0

(x + 1)(x - 2) = 100

(x + 1)(x - 2) = 1

* X+1=1 X = 1 1 = 0 R/1.
* X-2=1

X= 1 + 2 = 3 R/2.

e) log 5x - log (x - 1) = 1
5x/(x - 1) = 101

log 5x /(x - 1) = 1
5x = 10x 10
X=10/5

5x + 10 = 10x

5x/(x - 1) = 10

10 = 10x -5x

5x = 10 (x-1)

10 = 5x

5x=10

X= 2

4) Determinar el valor de x:
1) log 3 81
R: 4
log

34 = x

2) log 5 0,2 =
R: 1
log 5 1/5 = x
X= -1

4 log

3= x

4=x

x = 4 R.

log

1 - log

5= x

0-1= x

-1 =X

3) log 4 64
R: 5

(2 x 1) / 3

log 4 43 = (2 x 1) / 3
2x 1
9 = 2X 1
10/2
4) log 2 16
R: 2

3 log

9 - 1 = 2X

4 = (2 x 1) / 3

10 = 2X

3 (3) =

2X = 10

X=

X=5
=

/2

log 2 24 = x3 /2
4 = 1x3 /2

4 log2 2 = x3 /2

4 (2) = 1x3

8 = 1x3

x3 =

4 = 1/2 (x3 )
X=2

5) log 2 x =
R: 1 / 8
X = 2-3

x= 0.125

6) log 7 x =
R: 343

x= 1/8

X = 73

x= 343

7) log 6 [4 (x 1)]
R: 10

4 (x 1) = 62
x = 1+ 9

4 (x 1)= 36

2
x 1 = 36/4

x1=9

X = 10
8) log 8 [2 (x
R: 3

+ 5)]

2 (x 3 + 5) = 82
x 3 + 5 = 32
X

2 (x

= 32 - 5

9) log x 125
R: 5

+ 5) = 64
= 327

x
x=3

+ 5 = 64/2

125 = x3

11) log 2 x
R: 3

25 = 1/x2

+ 3

81

81 = 2x + 32
2x
6 = 2x
6 = 2x
12) x + 2
R: 3

25 x2 = 1

81 = (2x + 3)2

10

= 10
R : 16

x = 6/2

93=

x=3

x=5-2

x=3

4 log 2

Log x = log 24

x = 16

= log 8 / log 2
R:3

X = log23/log2
15) x

9 = 2x + 3

x +2 = 5

Log x = 4 log2
14) x

x2 = 1/25

log 5

Log x+2 = log 5

13) x

x2 = 1/25

2x = 6
=

x=5

10) log x 25 =
R: 1 / 5
25 = x-2
x = 1/5

x3 = 3125

X = 3 log2 / log2

x=3

= log 625 / log 125

R:4/3

X = log54/log53

X = 4 log5 / 3log5

16) log (x + 1) / log (x 1)

R:3
log(x+1)
__________ =2
1)2
log (x-1)

x = 4/3

log(x+1) = 2 log (x-1)

log(x+1)= log (x-

log(x+1)= log (x-1)2

x+1 - x2 + 2x 1 = 0
- x2 + 3x = 0
x=3

x+1= (x-1)2
-x+3=0

17) log (x 7) / log (x 1)

R : 10
log(x-7)
__________ =0.5
2x-14 = x-1

x+1= x2 2x + 1
3=0+x

3=x

0,5

(x-7) = 1/2 (x-1)

(x-7) 2 = x-1

log (x-1)

2x-14 X+1 = 0
13

x-13 = 0

X = 0 + 13

X=