20

I.

``u, [< xO`}

Ju =^#

(Each 2 marks)

1. U = , ~+ H = K~O\~ ?
[. 1. ~+_ 1314 O.
2. : 1113 O.
2. =#=x = =# <oH ~q\?
[. H`^H <oH
3. =#= ~+ ``u ==x =_ J#|O^ QO^ ~ `O_.
[. HO, ~+ QOk, H~ QO^
4. HO qk Uq\?
[. HH}# HiOz "\H +}# JOkOK@O
5. ~+ QOk q^q\?
[. ~+QOk H~ ^"x qOk. Wk HH} L`l`OQ LO_\xH, D^\xH `__`Ok.
H^=O JkHQO D ^=".
6. Q~O qk Uq\?
[.
7.
[.
8.

O_x O~HOz, +}# JO^*, t[##O =~ ~H} HeOK_O

r= ``u Zx ~H? Jq Uq ?
~O_ ~H. Jq : JOyH ``u OyH ``u.
H=~ ^ =Q Ja=$k KO^ kf OyH H} Uq ?

[. ~O =~@O, Kf q==_O, HO_~ Ja=$k KO^@O, Q_O =i g ~=

Ja=$k KO^@O, [#<OQ qiOK@O.
INTER (APOSS) 314

r=G= _"i\

414

9. H=~ ^ P_ Ja=$k KO^ kf OyH H}q ?

[. [#~= Ja=$k KO^@O, } =i `O\ ^ qiOK@O, < ~Q@O,
|`KH P~OO .
10. H[##O JO> Uq\?
[. = #O_ HH} Ja=$k KO^ H# H[##O JO\~.
11. ~b H} ZH_ LO\~ ? "\qk Uq\?
[. 1. = [## LH H} =^ LO\~.
2. Wq Ja=$k KO^`# HH} +}# =~~.
12. =+O H H`^H <oH =^Q O[H H}*O #O^O_ `H H}q ? "\
qkx ~#O_.
[. 1. b_Q H} / WO@~+ H}
2. >~ <
13. H<OH U"x `~KHO\~ ?
[. =` w=O #O_ H<O |^~`Ok. nxH # <, ~+QOk <
`~K HO\~.
14. ~+x O~==O Uk ? ^x H# Qx, P Qx H K~x U=O\~?
[. 1. "#O
2. Q<x
3. A
15. HH} ` ~ QOx \ =O\ x~}x U=O\~ ? ^x qk Uq\ ?
[. 1. UH"
2. nH~} =O JO_O "e ~# HiyOz, HH}OeH "\xH `__`Ok.
16. XH #O =#= H ^=O LO_ HH} OY ZO` ?
[. 200,000,000 (2108) HH}
17. c[H #O_ qOK|_ ~# q ?
[. D[<, [~<
18. \H JO_x P=iOz LO_ ~x U=O\~ ?
[. UO@"
19. JO_`~O (ovulation) JO> Uq\?
[. \H ye JO_O q_^ H# JO_`~O JO\~.
415

``u, [< xO`}

20. [#<Ok == c["H ~@#, Q~x He <x U=O\~ ?

[. < <O
21. Q~ _Ox ~ ~ ~O_.
[.
22.
[.
23.

"e i"\O, =^x ="\O, e ZO_"\O

[#<Ok == LO_ U x~}O "<xH =*`O ?
QOQO~O
"<~, "<*# q=iOKO_.

[. 1. |`KHO "^=_x "<~ JO\~.

2. =_y# |`KHO iQ Py=_x "<* JO\~.
24. =#= () |`KHO Zx ~AHHi ~=`Ok ?
[. 28 ~A
25. [~= JO> Uq\?
[. Ja=$k KO^`# O_xH, `e Q~ _xH =^ ^~ =i_HO U~_# x~}"
[~=.
26. [~= H =Y q^q ?
[. 1. [~= ^~ `e ~HO #O_ PH[<, +H ". O_xH O_Ox
=e< `e ~HOH "#O KO^`~.

CO2

=i

2. iH< =O\ ~<# qOK_O.

27. u# (implantation) JO> Uq\?
[. < <O JO_O nH~}O KOk# `~` Jk q[# KOk Q =~`Ok.
Wk Q~xH Ki ^x Q_ ^$_OQ JO@HO@Ok. DH< u# JO\~.
28. =~ JO> Uq\?
[. JO_O nH~}O KOk OH c[O U~_`Ok. Wk J<H q^< (q[<) KOk H}
|OuQ =~`Ok. nxx =~ JO\~.
29. Q~O }O# P=iOz LO_ ^=O Uk ?
[. L^=O
30. =#=x OH c[O U~_# ^Q~ #O_ t [#<xH > =O ZO`?
[. =~ 40 "~
INTER (APOSS) 314

r=G= _"i\

416

31. q*` H= Jx Z=ix JO\~ ?

[. =#= ``u =O c[HO #O_ XH JO_" q_^ J=`Ok. Hx ~ ~O_
JO_ q_^, "~ ~ HH}
K nHiO|_` W^~ t= [x~ . gix q*` H=
JO\~.
32. =*` H= Jx Z=ix JO\~ ?
[. =#= O_a=$k =O OH c[O "^\ q[ # J#O`~O U~_# ~ O_ H} "~~ ,
"~~ t=Q Ja=$k KOk` "ix =*` H= JO\~.
33. JqH H= Z U~_`~ ?
[. XH JO_O #O_ q_O_ Ja=$k KOk# H=# JqH H= JO\~.
34. H$u= Q~^~} H~ HH}# ^x x= K~ ?
[. ^=<\[<
35. [#O^` JO> Uq\?
[. xq` =O u K^~ H.g. L# = OY# [#O^` JO\~.
36. 2001 [< H H~O ~`^ [< ZO`?
[. 102.7 H@
37. xO`}x [< ~Q^ = =#^O =O Uq\ ?
[. JkH [< = J<H ~=~} = =i `i P^O `Q_O, P~ =O^O
U~_@O, qH~`, H =#~ `Q_O Oq~.
38. , ~+ [i @O|xO`} zH`# U=O\~ ?
[. 1. @Hg
II.

2. ~+ "Hg

=^#

(Each 4 marks)

1. |`= =O fH=# *Q`q ?

[.

u~A `H #O Ke. =i [#<Ok# ~KH"e.

O [#<Ok# ~K< |@# `~KQ =~ LO_e. J#Q ~A `=
`=Q ~O_ ~ =~H"e.
O |`= =O P~Q *Q`
` K =Y"# q+ O xK ` `u ==
"k Q=`Ok.
O [#<Ok# ~KH< |@# `~K =~H` ` ~H= "# =Ok.
Wk
=[O ~|Ok HeyOk.
O

417

``u, [< xO`}

2. =#=x nH~} H#O_ t [##O =~ Q qq^ JOK# `O_.

[.

~+ HH}, ``u ==H "t~.

Q~O #O_ JO_O q_^

< <O HH}O JO_O HH=_O

O_O "O@ "O@< [~Q`# q[# =# QO_x H} =O U~_`Ok.

nxx =~ (Morula) JO\~. (4~A)

"^\ O_a=$k ^ (Blastocyst) U~_`Ok (4 "~)

Q~ Q_ JO@O@Ok. O_ u# [~Q`Ok (67 ~A)

Ja=$k KO^`# O_O |~h yO[ i=}O U~_`Ok (4 "~)

O_O (WC_ }=Q ~.) =#= H}# Hey LO@Ok.

JOQ Hx~. Wk L^=O `e_`Ok.

#`# t= [xOk (40 "~)

3. ``u #`# "^ ^` q=iOKO_.
[. ~+ =i r= ``u Hey# "iH Z< H` OHuH i*< Ja=$k
^~ O`#O HQ_xH J=HO U~_Ok. g\ Hx HO^ ~#_O [iyOk.
>@ a
HO` =Ok < <oH =Hx `~. nx H~}=Q nH~}
x~kOK|_`Ok. nxx JkQq OK_xH #`#
^u >@
ax ~OkOK_xH
JO~~} [iyOk. D ^u XH P~QH~" # JO_x ` H" # ~O l ^~ HiOK`~.
D JO_x HiOK|_# xs` HH} Hey# y<H K~~. Hx QO@ `~"` P
INTER (APOSS) 314

r=G= _"i\

418

JO_= XH HH}
O` nH~}
KOk, OH c["~_`Ok. P OH c*x x ^~
XH Q~O "_`~. Wk P Q~O O_=Q ~Q`Ok
H$u= Q~ ^ ~} (Artificial insemination)
H$u=OQ HH} # " @#. =#=x HH} # HiOz, ^= Nitrogen # L yOz
HiOz# HH}# hqOK~. g\x HH}xk (sperm Bank) Hx O=`~
@ nH~} KO^O_ x= K~. P `~"` J=~= L# JO_= q_^
J~# =O `H ~Ol ^~ " _`~. nxx H$u=OQ HH}# "@@
JO\~.
=~= (Fertility drugs )
HO`=Ok Q< \H xKH =_O =# "i ``u =O JO_O
q_^ H^. H=# H$u=OQ JO_# "iH ~Ol ^~ "_`~. ^x`@
[O`= #O_ HiOz# FSH (\H LnH ~<) Hey# H$u= =O^# "_`~.
4. ~`^O [< ~Q^ H~} q=iOKO_.
[. === Ja=$k (Advancement in agriculture)
== ~OQ= Hey# Ja=$k =# JkH P~ aHey, LO_@, (tritial) =i
+H~ O (malnutrition) `y# k.
"^ ~OQO Ja=$k (Advancement in agriculture)
B+^= Ja=$k =# J<H"# ~Q=# ("^#) xOuO=K#. JO^=# rq`
=}= =$k K|_#k. Pq^=Q K =Ok Z= H= rqOK@ iy#k.
=`~"# =i =lH O^= : (Religions and social customs) : PK~}
## =lH O^= =i #=H= Hey# J<H=Ok @O| xO`}
^`# XCH#~.
iqHH~ } O (Industrialization)
iqHH~}O [iy# Ja=$k P~ =Oz x=, Oz @@, JkH L^Q=
=i JkH Ja=$kH _#.
q^#`(Illiteracy)
=# [#OYx q^=O` OY HO` ^^ S< JkH x+u q^# H~. "iH
#~`u q^#= `e^. JO^=# JkH`u i}== `e=.
419

``u, [< xO`}

PiH H~} (Economic reasons)

~ " |^, @O| P^a=$kH =i @O|= #_@ _^~.
=Q t= PHOH (Desire for a male child)
eOQ =#`= qQ J=Q# Hey< JkH @O|= `$== JkH=Q
#O_@ =# =Q t= P=H` H^ @O|= H ~# x>^~. `e^O_ XH
=Q t"< H=## `# H"~ (J<H =Ok) Z= t=# H<^~.
III.

n~ =^#

(each 8 marks)

1. KHx \ =O` =#=x ~+ ``u ==# =iOKO_.

[. ~+ ``u ==x JOQ XH [` =, Z__q (Epididymis), H"H
(vasdeferens), HO (urethra), "#O (penis) =i Hx J#|O^ QO^ LO\~. @O
20.1
i)

= (Testis)
=#=x (~+) XH [` = LO\~. Jq =~ 45 O.g _= =i
12 Q. |~=. Wq L^~ H@~xH " (Extra abdaminal). =+Q} (scrotal
sacs)Wq_ LO\~. =+Q}# P=iOz ~=` K~ O LO@Ok. =+Q} (scrotal
sac or scrotum) ~O_ H =^ "_`O\~.

=+Q} XH L+ xO`} =kiQ xK O k. Wk LQ`# 230C s~ LQ` H<

`=Q LOK`Ok. D LQ` HH}a=$kH J#=Q LO@Ok. JO`i~}
~O Q (Anatomically)=x P=iOz @xH JrxO J< O[H H}* H=KO
INTER (APOSS) 314

r=G= _"i\

420

LO@Ok. @xH Prx (tunica albuginea) =+OH q[HQ "Oz =x

Q^Q (lobules) qlOk. H`^H <oH(seminferous tubules) x [## LH
H} #Oz H[##O J< H ^~ HH} L`u J=`~. [## LH H}
=^ =^ ~b H} LO\~. Wq Ja=$k KO^`# HH} +}# JO^*~.
~b H} W<a< J< =OH$`# q~. Wk FSH L`ux P`Ok. H`^H
<oH =^ Q O[H H}*O b_Q H} (lydyig cells) WO@~+ ~ H} (interstitial cells) LO\~. Wq ~+ O
yH ~# (Testosteron) >~ <# L`u K~. Wk
kf OyH H}# xOuOk.

ii)

Z__ q (Epididymis)
Z__ q #Q, _=Q L# <oH K@Hx U~_# x~}O. Wk =+Oe ~O
LO@Ok. Z__ q HH} # ``eHOQ x= K "\H J=~" # +}# JOkO k.

iii)

H "H (Vasdeferens sperm duct)

Z__q #Oz _"#, HO_~`"# H"H |^~`Ok. Wk =+O H
e ~O #Oz =O^ " O k. W~" #Oz |^i# H"H "OH}
^~ L^~ ~OH "t Oz =`<# K\ "#H "Oz # <Q HOH
(urethra) `~K HO\~.

iv)

HO (Urethra)
HO =Q"i 1520 O.g. _= =i nxx =_ QQ qlOK=K.
=` "_QO, # <, ~+QOk H <O ^ =` [#<Ok
421

``u, [< xO`}

<OH `~KHO\~. Wk HO_~`OQ LO_ _"# <O. H <O w"QO

H $+QO #Oz XH JO^<O U~_`Ok. nx OQ~O JO\~. H <O
"#O H# =^ =` [#<Ok ~O^O ^~ |\H `~K HO@Ok. =`O, HO ~ O_
HO ^~ }~.
v)

"#O (Penis)
Wk O~==O. ~+ "#O H~OQ, OHK "HK Q} Hey# J==O.
O yHOQ L`l `=~#_, OlH H}* "#OH ~H "t Oz ~HO ` xO_ "#O
_=Q H_Q =~`Ok. "<x P=iOz =^Q L# K~O LO@Ok. "#O H#
QO =^ "_` LO_ K~x (prepuce) JO\~. ` P=iOz# "#O
H#Qx Q x JO\~. ~OQOx qq^ Q H q^ HO^ K|_#
\ H (\ H 20.1)
JOQ

q^

=x H`^H <oH

HH} L`u

Z__ q (Epidi dymis)

rqOz L# HH} H^x u x=

K |_`~.

HH} <=

OQ =O OHK HH}
=`<xH "t OK_xH `__`~.

"# "H =i \ QOk

QOk ^" L` ~K _ xH =i +}
x=_xH LQ_`~.

=`< HO

OHKO =# OQO =O x
~OQO #O_ q_^=`~. (HO
=`O# _ |\H q_^ K_O
`__`Ok.)

"#O (penis)

nx =$^H}*O LO@Ok =i
OQ JO=Q xKOk.

J#|O^ QO^ (Accesory glands)

J#|O^ QO^ K~ H##q H = (Seminal vesicles) ~+ QOk (Prostate glands)
=i H~ QO^ (cowper's glands).
INTER (APOSS) 314

r=G= _"i\

422

H=(Seminal vesicles)
XH [` H= =`H= H HOk Q= LO_#. = #O_ =z# H
H}# x=KOk. =i H^==# qO*#. H^== Q"# ^== H
H}# +OK#. D ^=}= 4080 `O eOk (Ejaculate).
~+ QOk(Prostate gland)
Wk HO H "^\ QO# P=iOz LO_#. Wk H~ ^"x qOK ^xx HO
#O_ qiOK#. D ^== HH} rqOz =O_@ =i D^@ ^^ _#.
~+QOk == 530 `O eOk.
H~ QO^ (Cowper's glands)
D QO^ [`Q ~+ QOk HO^ LO_#. Wq ~+ QOk` HO` ^~= "o H=
He#. H~ QO^ `x, zH\, H~ ^==# qOK#. Wk +O (mucus) =kiQ
LO_ `_Q xK#.
HH} =i HO (Spermatozoa and Semen)
=+= #O_ ~+ c[H} L`u [~Q#. Jq HH} (spermatozoa). =#=x
HH} x~}=# =_ QQ qlO =K#. `, "_ =i `H. HH}=
H H## XH \ =O\ ^x` H|_ LO_#. Jk PH*" (Acrosome). D PH*"
nH~} =O JO_O "e ~# HiyOz HH} =xH " @ `__`Ok. =#=
HH} x~} @O

Z__ q HH}
K# ~ `=Q ``eHOQ x= K |_# `~ "` ~+ ` `u
QO^ == HH} L`[=` KeOK#. J#|O^ QO^ ==` HH}=
=i HO qe< (million) "=_`~. XH #= #O_ 200,000,000(2108)
HH} qiO|_#. HH} x Ki#_ 2mm/minutes "Q=` "#.
423

``u, [< xO`}

2. KHx \ O` =#=xx ``u ==# q=iOKO_.

[. ``u == XH [` c[H, XH [` c["H, Q~=, x. Hx
J#|O^ QO^ LO\~. P JOQ H q^# \ H 20.2 K_=K#.

i)

c[H (ovaries)
XH [` c[H L^~ ~O $+^ _ O`O JuH LO\~. c[ H JO_=#
L`u K~. JO`HO_ O yH ~< D[< (Oestrogen) =i *~ < (Progesterone) JO_ [##O JO_O [~Q`Ok. JO_=`$H} #Oz JO_ U~_ q^<x JO_
[##O JO\~. (Oogenesis) c[HO J_H` c[H}= U~_# =O ^qH
\H. \H H}, JO_=# P=iOz# P~x UO@" (antrum) JO\~. Ja=$k KOk#
JO_O Q< \H. JO_O #Oz q_^ KO^_x JO_`u (ovulation) JO\~.
=ke"# Mm \H# H~\O JO\~. (@O 20.6)

ii)

< <= (Fallopian Tubes) (oviducts)

``u == ~O_ < <= LO_#. c["H =~ 1015 O.g.
_=. c["H =Y= c["H c[H=# ^Q~ Q LO_#. ^xx W<< _ | "
(Infundibulum) JO\~. nx JOK JOQ =O\ x~}Q =O^iH _KHx =K#.
(fimbrae). XHH W<< _ | " Z_`Q O_ #Q =i "eH Hey# <=Q c["H
H < <= J=#. D ~O_ < <= Q~=H `~KO\~.

INTER (APOSS) 314

r=G= _"i\

424

iii)

Q~= (Uterus)
Q~= ~ PH~= Hey =O^=~# HO_~ Q_# Hey# JOQO. Wk 7O.g.
_= 5 O.g. "_ =i 2.5 O.g. =O^=. Q~Q_ =_ ~ LO_#.
e~ Q~ LH (Endometrium) =^ (myometrium) =i " perimetrium
Q~ LH ~ ~H<` xO_ =O_#. Q~= =i x HK@ XH
O=~} (sphincter) HO_~= LO_#. Jk Q~ HOk Qx =@ xKOk.

iv)

x (Vagina)

O~ =O ~+x "<x xH " \ HO qi _ . Wk XH HO_~ Q@=

710 O.g _= Wk t= [##=# ^ H==O\k. JO`H^ Q~ ==
=i |`==# "HQ =iOK#. x |@ `~KO@Ok. nxx J_H#
~# =< (hymen)JO\~. Wk H#`=# x^~#O. Q~= =i [##
<= "~"~Q `~KHO\~. ``u JOQ q^ \ H #O^ K|_#q.
3. |` KHx @O O` q=iOKO_.
[. nH~} H} H = #O_ "^=`~. P = ^^ 1213 OII
#O_. JO_`u Py = Jk 4550 OII=~. H =# kf ``u
H} HxOK_O` "^=`Ok.
|`KHO "^=_x "<~ (menarche)Q ~ . Wk 1113 OII "^=` Ok.
|`KHO iQ Py=_x "< (menopause) JO\~. Wk 4550 OII Oq O k.
"< =O JO_`~= (ovulation) =i |`KHO (Menstrual cycle) Py~#
`~` ``u JOQ tOK`~.
425

``u, [< xO`}

H = =i "< =^ ``u == < ~A XH O@#`

_#@=O\k. nx< |`KHO JO\~. |`KHO (@O 20.7) JO_O iHO KOk 28
~A XHi q_^=`Ok. Hx K~ Hx H~} =# D == ~Q@O ^
`~Q@O [~Q`Ok. |`KHO |`=O` "^=`Ok. Q~= Q_ JO\=#
H~\ " H} HO` ~HO `@ |\H q_^ J=`~. Wk 34 ~A [~Q`Ok.
513 ~A =~ uiy =m Q< \H ~Q^ iH` [~Q`Ok. Q< \H
iH` KO^_O J<k JO_Ox JO_O [iQ z=i H Wk JO_x H}*#
Hey LO@Ok. Wk ~## _ qOk. D[< ~< =O` Q~O#
OHKO KOk JO_x Q OK_xH O^O Q LO@Ok. Hx H}, Q~
Q_ =O^OQ
`~=`~. |`=O "^# 1314 ~A JO_`~= [~Q`Ok. Q< \H
ye JO_x q_^ KOk. ye# Q< \H H~ \=Q =i *~<
(Progesterone)~## q_^ K O k. JO_= < <O ^~ Q~
x 13= ^
14= ~A K~`Ok. JH_ 16 ~A# (4872QO.) LO@Ok. XH" JO_O ZO\ HH}x
QOKH~#@~` ^x <#= "^=`Ok. 28= ~A z=~# Jk =`<O ^~
|@ q_^ J=`Ok. nx` @ =O^OQ =i# Q~O Q_ _ #Q =i
`~` |`KHxH #^=`~.

JO_O HH}x QOz nH~}O KOk` |`KHO UO [~Q`Ok?

XH " JO_O, HH}x QOz nH~}O [iy` |`H=O (JO_`~=) (ovulation)
Py~ Q~O ^iOk. nxH H~}O *~< H~ \" q_^ KOk. `~`
[~= q_^ KOk.
INTER (APOSS) 314

r=G= _"i\

426

4. [< ~Q^ = =K =# q=~OQ KiOKO_.

[. [< ~Q^ =# =K J#~ ~O_ ~H.
1. ^ @O =# HQ =
2. ^=# =K =
1. ^ @O =# =
^ @O|O Z= =Ok LO_@ =# HQ =.
Z) `eH J<~Q iu
Z= ~ Q~O ^@ =# `eH J<~Q iu U~_`Ok.
a) z# W
Z= =Ok LO_@ =# i` OK_O [~Q`Ok.
) PiH Xu_
^ @OxH Z= J=~ LO\~. H=# Z= ~|_ J=~O LO@Ok. D
== =# `e`O_#, # PiH Xu_ LO@Ok.
_) P~QO iQ H=_O
^ @O|= i=#O` P~= O H^ H=# +H P~= =#
"^ Oq ~. "iH ZC _ "^ ^ = J=~O LO@Ok. Z= =Ok
LO_@ =# JO^iH "^ ^= PiH ~=Q =~`Ok.
W) JQ"# q^ (Improper Education)
^ @O|O JO^iH q^ JOkOK_O K H+=` _# x.
2. ^=# "\ =
PiH [< =# J<H ~=~} = =i `i P^= `Q_O, P~ =O^=
(Depletion) U~__O, q H~` =i H =#~ `Q_O =iHx HO^ ~#|_q.
Z) @} H ~ } =i ~=~} H} ` (Urbanization and Environmental degradation)
[< ~Q_O =# O@ `iy `<~. H|\ Z= =Ok [ xHO
L^QO HO =i =Oz rq`O HO @} = "`<~. H|\ @} [<
Q}hOQ ~Q`Ok.
@} [< ~Q^ =# ~=~} =, =iH "_, =iH h\ ~^
JH~O, =Oz h\ JH~O, Qe H+O =i < H+O ~Q`Ok.
a) [< ~^ =i ~"} H~ = (Increasing Population and transportation)
@}= iy# [< Z= ~"} H~= J=~O H|\ @}= "\~
427

``u, [< xO`}

"< Q}hOQ ~Q`~. e`OQ Qe H+O h\ H+O, # ^~ H+O

~Q`~.
) [< ~Q^ =i q^ (q*#=)
PiH =i OH Ja=$k KO^O> q^ K =Y"#k. K^=# "i `O
(JH~ OY) iy#\H WOH ^O K K^=x " H `O (x~H ~
OY) WOH Z=Q< LOk. [< ~Q^ JO^iH q^# JOkOK@ J=~^OQ
=iOk.
_) [< ~Q^, == Ja=$k =i ~=~} H}`
J#x`O ~Q`# ^ [< P~ J=~# f~@, ==O J^ <`# ^`
J=OaOK_O [~Q`Ok.
W) [< ~Q^ =i P~ ^~ J=~
~Q`# [< J#Q}OQ PiH, P~ ^~ ~Q^ J=~O. WO^HO #`#
== q ` ~ K e. nxH J_=# #iH " _O [~Q`Ok. e `O J_=<#O
[~Q`Ok. qs`"# h\ ~^ Q~, ~ `=@O =# "`=~}O# x
HQ`Ok. nx=# `# `~`~Q ~=@O, qH` =i xH ~x =
~Q_O JuQ i[~ (~xH Z~=) =i ~Q =O^ JkH kQ|_H~
"_@O =# == = =i h\ ~^ u =O K`Ok.
== = q~OQ (Jq`==`<~). HxH Qi J=`Ok.
Z) [< ~Q^ =i h~ (Increasing population and water)
h\ =#~ K iq`OQ L<~ iq` h\ Z= "`O, `Q\xH, <xH
H_Q_xH qxy~. nx` h\ =#~ H~` U~_`Ok.
l) [< ~Q^ =i Yx[ O^ `~Q^ (H}`)
(Increasing population and depletion of mineral reserves)
=# Yx[ =#~ iq`O. XHi J~~#K uiy ~OkOK=. [< ~Q^
=# Yx* LQO ~Q@O` Yx[ O^ "QOQ JO`iOz `Ok.
K) [< ~Q^ =i H =#~ `~Q^
(Increasing population and depletion of Energy source)
H J=~O J<k u~A =#O K # Ly=. =O@ K_xH, ~"},
Hs =i WO\ J=~ `O =#O Z=Q Q =i \eO =O\
(fossil fuels) WO^#= P^~_ L<=. D ~HOQ =# LQO iy#>` =# H
=#~ H#|_O_ =^O LO@Ok.
INTER (APOSS) 314

r=G= _"i\

428