DEFINITION

X-TRA

APPS

FORMULAE

VIBRATION/OSCILLATION
Back and forth motion about an equilibrium position

PERIOD (T)
Time taken for a complete oscillation

FREQUENCY (f)
Number of complete oscillation in one second

AMPLITUDE (A)
Maximum displacement from equilibrium position

LONGITUDINAL WAVE
Particles in medium vibrate in a direction parallel to the direction of wave propagation

#Sound Wave

TRANSVERSE WAVE
~perpendicular

#Water Wave #Light Wave

SPEED of a wave
Distance travelled by the wave in a second

WAVELENGTH
Distance between two consecutive points on the same phase on a wave

WAVE =REFLECTION =REFRACTION =DIFFRACTION =INTERFERENCE

DAMPING
Oscillating system loses energy to the surroundings in the forst of heat. The amplitude of oscillation decreases (-)

RESONANCE
A system is force to oscillate with a large

1.Tuner in Radio/TV 2.Musical instruments

amplitude or its natural frequency.

3.Bridge collapse

SOUNDS WAVE
Require medium for propagation & cannot travel through vacuum

=loudness increases with amplitude =pitch increase with frequency Comprise gamma ray,xray,ultraviolet, visible light, infared,microwave, radiowave Travel at speed of 3.0x108ms-1 in vacuum

ELTRROMAGNETIC WAVES

REFLECTION
When a wave strikes an obstacle, undergo a change in direction of propagation when it is reflected.

REFRACTION
Change in velocity of the wave as it propagates from one medium to another medium

DIFFRACTION
Spreading of waves after passing through a narrowgap/obstacle

INTERFERENCE
Effect produced by superposition of waves from two coherent sources resulting in constructive & destructive interference