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abmwlncD suq f ENukd vGwv f yfpmG "rRowf’t& rdbu vufxyf xdr;f jrm;jcif;eJ@ywfoufv@kd trsK;d
ay;&rnf? xdr;f jrm;ay;pm;+y;D aomfvnf; orD; orD;awG[m udk,fh&JhqENoabm
(4) ESpOf ;D pvH;k aygoyG o f rl jzpfap&? u r=unfjzLI umr ray;tyfrD rd xm;tavsmuf aqmif±u G Ef ikd cf iG hf
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vifa,mufsm; r±Sad p&? rD;udk a,mufsm;av;xHo@kd oH;k }urd f awG@&ygw,f? 'gayr,fh oabmwl
(6) txift±Sm; xdrf;jrm;vuf wdik w f ikd f jyefy@kd ay;&ygw,f? oH;k }urd f nDcsuaf y;wJh trsK;d orD;[m wck
xyfr_ wpHw k &m rðyvkycf yhJ gu vif wdik w f ikd jf iif;qefaev#if xdr;f jrm; vyf/ wvifumG / rkq;kd rr[kw&f if
r,m;tjzpf vlod±Sif=um;aygif; jcif;u ysufw,f? wwd,acwf touf 20 jynfzh @kd awmhvykd gw,f?
oif;aexdik rf ±_ &dS rnfv@kd owfrw S f awmh orD;ESpo f ufoEl iS hf rdbuay; jrefrmh"avhxHk;wrf;Oy
xm;ygw,f? pm;&wJah cwfjzpfygw,f? a'rSm oabmwlncD surf ay;Edik w f hJ
txufuwifjycJw h hJ t ,ae@acwftcg[m w trsK;d orD;&Jt h oufukd 20 vd@k owf
csuaf wGrmS um,uH±iS &f hJ oabm wd,acwftcg jzpfygw,f? ud, k f rSwx f m;ayr,fh a,mufsm;av;&Jt h
wlnDcsuf[m ta&;}uD;qHk; t ESpo f ufou l kd ud, k o
hf abmeJ@ ud, k f oufukd owfrw S rf xm;ygb;l ? vdk
csujf zpfygw,f? owd@k om;owd@k o a±G;cs,fEdkifcGifhudk jrefrmh"avhxHk; tyfwhJ um,pGr;f tif wenf;ajym&
rD;wd@k &q
hJ ENtav#muf vGwv f yfpmG wrf;Oya'u trsK;d orD;/ trsK;d om; &if vlysKad bmf0if&efomvdw k ,fv@kd
oabmwlnrD r_ ±Scd yhJ gv#if vufxyf ESpOf ;D pvH;k udk ay;xm;ygw,f? 'gt h qdyk gw,f? 'Dtcsut f ay: wcsKŒd ol
xdr;f jrm;r_onf w&m;Oya'ESihf rnD jyif jrefrmh"avhx;kH wrf;Oya't& rsm;u jrefrmh"avhx;kH wrf;Oya'
onft h jyif wnf+rcJ ikd rf mr_vnf; r±Sd vufxyfxrd ;f jrm;r_ukd bmoma&; rSm±Sw d hJ trsK;d orD;eJ@ trsK;d om;=um;
ygbl;? Oya'ynm±Sif a'gufwm eJ@ rqufpyfwt hJ wGuf vGyv f yfru _ kd rSm tcGit hf a&;rnDr#rw _ cktjzpf
at;armifu ol&hJ Burmese Bud- yd+k y;D us,u f s,jf yef@jyef@ usio hf ;kH Edik f axmufjy=uygw,f?
dhist Law pmtkyr f mS owd@k om;eJ@ wJh taetxm;±Sad eygw,f? 'Dt 'Dae&mrSm touf 20 r
owd@k orD;eJ@ywfoufv@kd ajymif;vJ csuu f kd tjcm;"avhx;kH wrf;Oya' jynfh&if rdboabmnDcsuf ,l&
wdk;wufvmwJhacwf oHk;acwf±Sd awGe@J ,SOx f ;kd =unf&h if ydrk jkd rifom r,fqw kd mudk zsuo f rd ;f vdu k w
f t hJ
w,fvdk@ qdkxm;ygw,f? yxr vmygw,f? Oyrm - rGwpf vif " "dym` ,fuawmh roufa&mufwm
acwfu rdboabmtwdik ;f orD; avhx;kH wrf;Oya'rSmvnf; jrefrmh" udak wG@&ygw,f?
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pD&ifx;kH wckrmS “ trsK;d abmwlncD suv f nf; yg0ifaewJh t Oya't& w&m;0iftwnfjzpf
orD;onf t±G,af &muf+yD;oljzpf aetxm;[mvnf; rdb&Jo h abm onfh vifr,m;tjzpfo@kd ra&muf
ap/ t±G,rf a&mufao;oljzpfap wlnrD u _ kd &,l&mrSm ydrk u kd s,jf yef@whJ vd@k xkacsygw,f? rlv±H;k u armif
‚if;wdk@.qENudkqef@usif+yD; rdb tajctaeudk a&mufvmapyg ode;f armif.xkacscsu[ f mta=umif;
rsm;u xdr;f jrm;vufxyfray;pm; w,f? wifjycJhwJhtcsufawGt& jcif;t&mt&vnf;aumif;/ Oya'
Edik af y” vd@k xH;k zG@J xm;ygw,f? rdb&Jh touf 20 rjynfah o;&if rdbtkyf t&vnf;aumif; rcdik rf mvd@k azmfjy
oabmwlnDr_qdk&mrSmvnf; t xde;f ol oabmwln&D r,fqw kd m +yD; armifoed ;f armifukd t±_;H ay;cJyh g
xift±Sm; ajymqdEk ikd jf cif;udo k mr wpHw k &maom twdik ;f twmtxd w,f? rlv±H;k tqH;k tjzwfukd armif
u “t"dym` ,foufa&mufonfh o v_yo f mvnf;om±Sw d ,fv@kd qdEk ikd f ode;f armifu rauseyfv@kd t,lc&H m
abmwl n D r _ ” rsKd ; vnf ; yg0if y g ygw,f? 'gayr,fh a,mufsm;av; w&m;v$waf wmfu ‘armif+ird ;f csr;f
w,f? t"dym` ,foufa&mufwhJ o toufudkawmh uef@owfxm; ESihf rjrif’h pD&ifx;kH udk jyefvnfvu kd f
abmwl n D r _ q d k w mud k avh v m wm r±Sv d @kd a,mufsm;eJ@red ;f reJ@ qdck hJ em+y;D w&m;0ifxrd ;f jrm;&eftwGuf
=unfw h t hJ cg a,mufsm;ESirhf ed ;f rwd@k wJhtcsufrSm wef;wlrjzpfbl;vdk@ a,mufsm;av;touf uef@owf
xGuaf jy;+y;D twlaygi;f oif;aexdik f ajymqdEk ikd yf gw,f? a,mufsm;av; csufr±Sd/ vlysKdabmf0if&efom vdk
wmudk rdef;raqGrsKd;rsm;u uef@ toufe@J pyfvsO;f wJh pD&ifx;kH awGukd w,fv@kd qH;k jzwf+yD; tJ'pD &D ifx;kH
uGujf cif;r±Sw d m w±Gmwnf;rSmyif avhvmwJt h cg pOf;pm;zG,f tcsuf [m ,ae@txd wnf+raJ eygw,f?
vifr,m;tjzpf aexdik =f uonfukd udk awG@vm&ygw,f? a,mufsm;av;touf
rdbrsm;odaomfvnf; jyefvnfr vufxyfxrd ;f jrm;Edik w f hJ eJ@pyfvsO;f vd@k qH;k jzwfcw hJ hJ pD&ifx;kH
od r f ; yd k u f c J h w m rd e f ; uav;w a,mufsm;av;toufe@J pyfvsO;f tqufqufu jrefrmhv‹l tzG@J t
a,mufonf cspo f El iS xhf uG af jy;+y;D vd@k yxrqH;k qH;k jzwfcw hJ hJ armif+ird ;f pnf;rSm 'Dupd u P kd nDr#r±_ a_ xmifw h ck
aemuf rdbtdrrf mS cspo f el @J twl eJ@ rjrift h r_ rSm xdr;f jrm;vufxyfEikd f xJucsO;f uyfv@kd rjzpfEikd b f ;l qdw
k m
aexdkifpm;aomufzl;wm rdef;u &eftwGuf a,mufsm;av;onf vdk udk azmfjyEdik yf gw,f? tpOftvm
av;eJ@a,mufsm;av; xGuaf jy;+y;D tyfaomum,pGr;f tm;ESihf jynfph kH tm;jzifh a,mufsm;eJ@red ;f rudk ql;
aemuf rde;f uav;udk vl}u;D pH&k mESihf &efomvdw k ,fv@kd qH;k jzwfcyhJ gw,f? eJ@zuftjzpf jrefrmhv@l tzG@J pnf;u
jyeftyf&mrSm vufrcHEikd af =umif; 1925 ckEpS rf mS qH;k jzwfcw hJ hJ rat; rSw, f yl gw,f? rEkus,"f rRowfrmS
wpHw k &mrajymcJw h m pwJh tðytrl pdeef @J armifvrS if;wd@k tr_rmS a,m i,f±, G of cl si;f rSm;rd=uv#if a,m
wckcsi;f udk t"dym` ,foufa&muf ufsm;av;touf 16 ESpaf usmv f #if ufsm;av;rdbu jiif;qefciG rhf ±Sv d @kd
wJh oabmwlnrD j_ zpfw,fv@kd qH;k xdr;f jrm;r_ðyEdik w f ,fv@kd toufukd azmfjyxm;wmawG@&ygw,f? aemif
jzwfxm;wmudk pD&ifx;kH rSmawG@&yg twdtus owfrw S q f ;kH jzwfjyefyg wcsed rf mS jrefrmhv@l tzG@J tpnf;u
w,f? w,f? a,mufsm;av;toufe@J pyf vufcw H hJ yHpk aH wGajymif;vJomG ;&if
'gah =umifrh @kd touf 20 r vsO;f wJh pD&ifx;kH ESpcf [ k m uGv J aJG eyg awmh rajymwwfyg? 'Dae@umvrSm
jynfah o;&if rdb&Jh oabmnDr&_ ±Sd w,f? awmh 'Dupd u P kd nDr#r±_ a_ xmifo h uf
r,fqw kd t hJ csu[ f m [dELN "avhx;kH 1928 ckEpS rf mS qH;k jzwfchJ oufEiS hf csO;f uyfv#if jrefrmhv@l t
wrf;rSmvdk rdboabmwckwnf; wJh armifoed ;f armife@J rapmtr_rmS zGJ@tpnf;u vufcHEdkifwJhtajzeJ@
omjzpf+y;D om;orD;u jiif;y,fciG hf armifodef;armifu rat;pdefeJ@ uGmvSr;f zG,±f w dS ,fv@kd xifygw,f?
r±Sw d hJ taetxm;rsK;d r[kww f mudk armifvrS if;tr_ukd ud;k um;+y;D ole@J w&m;0ifxrd ;f jrm;jcif; jzpf
awG@&ygw,f? rdb&Jh oabmwlnD rapm&=upOfu olonf touf zd@k vtkd yfwt hJ csuaf wGxu J aemuf
r_rmS t"dym` ,foufa&mufwhJ o 16 ESpo f m±SI d jrefrmh"avhx;kH wrf; xyfaxmufjya0zefwu hJ pd u P rde;f r
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rSm w&m;0ifvifr±S&d vd@k qdak omf w,f? rSm w&m;0if tdrfaxmif±Sdvsuf
vnf; a,mufsm;rSm w&m;0ifr qdk&&if "rRowfrsm;u aemufrdef;r,lwmudk jrefrmhvlr_
,m;r±S&d vd@k uef@owfcsuf r±Sv d @kd rde;f rtrsm;,lwmudk ydwrf xm;ay 0ef;usiu f rESpo f uf/ vufrcHwhJ
trsK;d orD;awGtaeeJ@ wcsed rf mS w r,fah ESmifóu;d rJo h abmawmhr[kwf oabmawG@&ygw,f? w&m;0if
&m;0if a,mufsm;wa,mufwnf; ygb;l ? 1990 ckEpS rf mS rE aW v;±H;k tdraf xmif±v dS suf aemufred ;f r,l
xm;wJph epf usio hf ;kH aecsed rf mS a,m xdik f A[dw k &m;±H;k u qH;k jzwfcw hJ hJ t wJt h a&twGu[ f mvnf; tcsK;d t
ufsm;awGu wcsed x f rJ mS r,m;t ,lcrH w _ ckrmS a,mufsm;wOD;onf pm;t& tvGeef nf;ygw,f? qd&k &if
rsm;,lwJhpepfudk usifhoHk;cGifh&ae rde;f rwa,mufxuf yd, k o l nfh " jrefrmhv@l tzG@J tpnf;[m wvif
w,fv@kd axmufjyygw,f? "rRowf avhx;kH wrf;rSm jrefrmEdik if rH mS ESpf wr,m;pepfodk@ wdrf;!$wfwJho
usr;f rSm r,m;trsm;,lwmudk ydwf aygi;f rsm;pGmuwnf;u±Scd o hJ nfjzpf abm±Sad eygw,f?
yifxm;wm rawG@&ayr,fh r,m;r &m ,ckacwf pD&ifx;kH rsm;uvnf; 'gah =umifrh @kd 'Dr[l m "avh
±Sdygvdk@ajymqdk+yD; olwyg;orD;udk xd"k avhx;kH wrf;udk twnfðyxm; xHk;wrf;Oya'qdkwm vl@tzGJ@t
xdr;f jrm;+yD;aemufrS r,m;±Sw d ,f =u+yD;jzpfayonfv@kd qH;k jzwfxm; pnf;twGi;f u trsm;&Jh ud, k u f sihf
vd@k ay:aygucf &hJ if ol&o hJ m;orD; w ygw,f? w&m;ozG,f vufcv H mcJw h hJ pnf;
a,mufjzpfap/ ESpaf ,mufjzpfap "rRowft& b,fvykd if rsO;f pnf;urf;uae jzpfvmw,fqkd
a,muQropfuakd y;+y;D rS (od@k r[kw)f c|wcf si;f csu±f w dS ,fv@kd qq kd kd jrefrmh wJt h qdek @J qef@usiu f v JG wJG t hJ oGif
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uQrtopfuakd y;+y;D rS r,m;topf u rde;f rwa,mufxufy, kd El ikd wf Jh a,mufu rde;f rwOD;xuf yd, k cl iG hf
udk &cGifh±Sdw,fvdk@ jyXmef;xm;yg tr_ tcdkiftrm±Sdaewmuawmh ±Sw
d hJ "avhx;kH wrf;udk aoaocsm
w,f? rEkus,"f rRopf 'Gg'orwGJ aocsmwJt h csuf jzpfaeygw,f? w csm avhvmydik ;f ppf=unfzh @kd vdw k t hJ
tcef; 43 rSmvnf; ‘pGe@f &maom bufrmS jyef=unf&h if rde;f ronf w jyif 'Dr[ l m trsK;d orD;/ trsK;d om;
r,m;ig;a,muf[lonfrSm t &m;0ifvifa,mufsm; r±Sad p&vd@k qkd wef;wlnDr#r_ ±_axmifht&vnf;
=uifvifr,m; aygi;f azmf=uI ±Spf xm;wJ h t wG u f vif ± S d r d e f ; rw a0zefaxmufjyoifw h hJ tcsujf zpf
ESpq f ,fEpS af jrmufwikd af tmif orD; a,muf[m tjcm;a,mufsm;w w,fv@kd jrifygw,f?
om; rarG;rjrifaom rde;f ròrHonf a,mufe@J vufxyf&if jypfrq _ ikd &f m ypPn;f cef;qdik &f m
vnf;wyg;/ orD;±Spaf ,muf/ q,f Oya'yk'rf 494 t& tjypfay;cH& jrefrmAk'b < mom vifr
ESpw f ikd af rG;I om;a,mufsm; rarG; r,f? rde;f rvnf; viftrsm;,lciG ±hf dS ,m;&Jh armifEyHS ikd yf pPn;f ydik q f ikd cf iG hf
Edik af om rde;f ronfvnf;wyg;/ El w,fv@kd awmh apm'urwufvykd g? [m w&m;0ifvifr,m;tjzpfo@kd
em/ A&if*seD m 0uf±;l empGaJ om rde;f r 'gayr,fh rnDrr#jzpfae a&mufonfESifh ay:aygufvm+yD;
onfvnf;wyg;/ trsKd;.tusifh w,fqw kd muawmh jiif;vd@k r&wJh owfrw S x f m;onfh tcsK;d tpm;t
udpk eG @f aom rde;f ronfvnf;wyg;/ tcsujf zpfygw,f? aemuf+y;D a,m wdik ;f tusK;d cHpm;cGi±hf ydS gw,f? xdk
rdrv d iftvdu k kd qENrr#aom rde;f r ufsm;taeeJ@r,m;wa,mufxuf ydkifqdkifcGifhonf ‘t+yD;tjywf&±Sd
onfvnf;wyg;/ Tig;yg;aomrde;f yd,
k v l @kd&wJh tcsu[ f mvnf; jrefrmh onf h tusKd ; cH p m;cG i f h ( vested
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wnf;? pGe@f &monf[&l mY OpPmtm; taersm;eJ@ o[ZmwrjzpfwJhrl csK;d tpm;qdw k m ypPn;f trsK;d tpm;
vHk;udkray;rlI pGef@apjcif;r[kwf/ vd@k bjJ rifygw,f? bmha=umifv h q J kd tay:rlwnfygw,f? jrefrmh"avh
vifonfr,m;wyg;aeaomfaeap?’ awmh jrefrmh"avhx;kH wrf;Oya'rSm xHk;wrf;Oya't& vifr,m;ydkif
vd@k azmfjyxm;wmawGukd awG@yg 'Dr±l adS eayr,fh vufawG@vrl b _ 0 ypPn;f trsK;d tpm; 6 rsK;d ±Syd gw,f?
29

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(1) i,fvifi,fr,m;jzpf=uwJh tdrf odr;f rS pkaqmif;rdrnfjzpfonft h tjzpfay;vdu k w f hJ ypPn;f rSty vif
axmifzufrsm; tdraf xmifrðyrSu D wGuf axmufyrhH cDS o kd abmrxm;/ ydik yf pPn;f rSm r,m;ESirhf oufqikd yf g?
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ypPn;f vd@k ac:+yD; ypPn;f ygvmolu cGi±hf ydS gw,f? rydik yf g? wOD;tarG&wJh ypPn;f jzpfap
oHk;yHkESpfyHk/ ol@&Jhtdrfaxmifzufu txufrSm wifjycJhwJh óud;yrf;&±SdwJh ypPnf;jzpfap tJ'D
oH;k yHw
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(2) tdraf xmifusz;l olrsm;txuf pm;cGi[ fh m ‘t+yD;tjywf&±Sw d hJ t c&pf,mefOya'e,fy,f
tdrfaxmifrSmydkifcJh+yD; tdrfaxmif usK;d cHpm;cGi’hf jzpfwt hJ wGuf jrefrm u rde;f rawG tdraf xmifxed ;f odr;f
opfðy&mod@k ygvmaom ypPn;f udk Ak'b < mom vifr,m;[m armifEHS r_upd u P kd us,u f s,af vmifavmif
txufygypPnf;vdk@ac:+yD; tdrf ydkifypPnf;udk twlydkifqdkifolrsm; atmfaejcif;rSm ypPn;f cef;qdik &f m
axmif}u;D csi;f xdr;f jrm;v#iw f OD;&Jh (Tenants-in-common) jzpfvmyg owfrw S cf su[ f m ta=umif;wck
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(3) tdrfaxmifðy+yD; ZeD;armifESH cGit hf a&;udk tjcm;"avh xH;k wrf; yH/k ac:yH/k vkyyf /kH udik yf Hk vH;k 0jcm;em;
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& twly;l aygi;f aexdik pf OfrmS t+yD; w,f? ESpOf ;D oabmwlumG ±Si;f v#if onfh 'kvb † &[ef;ðyjcif;eJ@awmh r
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vufE;DS aESmv#if a,bk,stm;jzifh a±S;"rRowfawGe@J rudu k n f w D t hJ Luis Southalan.( This Thesis
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