Question 2

(a) Concentrated aqueous sodium chloride contains H + and OH ions.

(i) Give the formulae of two other ions present in concentrated aqueous sodium
chloride.
.............................................................................................................................[1]
(ii) Concentrated aqueous sodium chloride is electrolysed using inert graphite
electrodes.
Name the product formed at each electrode.
product at
anode ......................................................................................................
product at cathode ...............................................................................................
[2]
(b) Impure copper can be purified by electrolysis.
Draw a labelled diagram of the electrolytic cell that can be used to purify copper.

(c) Aluminium is extracted commercially from an aluminium ore by electrolysis.

(i) Name an ore containing aluminium.
.............................................................................................................................[1]
(ii) Name the element used as the anode in this process.
.............................................................................................................................[1]

(c) In the production of aluminium, sodium hydroxide is used to separate

aluminium oxide from the impurities in the bauxite ore. The main impurity in the
ore is iron(III) oxide.
Aluminium oxide is an amphoteric oxide whilst iron(III) oxide is a basic oxide.
Suggest how these two oxides can be separated by the addition of aqueous
sodium hydroxide.
.................................................................................................................................
.................................................................................................................................
............................................................................................................................ [2]
(d) Aluminium is extracted by the electrolysis of a mixture of molten aluminium
oxide and cryolite. What is the function of the cryolite?
............................................................................................................................ [1]
(e) Acidic foods can be safely packed in aluminium containers.
Explain why the acid in the food does not attack the aluminium, despite the fact
that
aluminium is a reactive metal.
.................................................................................................................................
............................................................................................................................ [2]
What is the mass of aluminum produce in 1.00 hr by the electrolysis of molten
AlCl3 if the electrical current is 8.0) A

Question 3
a)
Explain what you understand by the

term electrolysis.

______________________________________________________________ [2]
b)

Name the ore from which aluminium

is extracted.

______________________________________________________________ [1]
c)
(i)

The electrolysis of the purified ore is carried out in the Hall-Hroult cell.
In this cell the anode and cathode are made of graphite. The electrolyte is
molten aluminium oxide dissolved in cryolite, Na3AlF6.
Explain what is meant by each of the
terms below:

Anode _____________________________________________ [1]

Cathode ____________________________________________ [1]
Electrolyte _________________________________________ [2]
(ii)
Give two reasons why graphite is a
suitable material from which to
make the anode and cathode.

_____________________________________________________________ [2]
(iii)

Why is the aluminium oxide

dissolved in molten cryolite?

______________________________________________________ [2]
d)(i) Name the products formed a the electrodes during electrolysis and
give balanced, ionic equations for
the reactions taking place.
Anode
Cathode
Name of Product

Balanced ionic
equation

(ii)

At which electrode is reduction

taking place? Explain your answer.

_________________________________________________________
_________________________________________________________
_______________________________________________________ [3]
e)
Aluminium is an extremely important metal with widespread uses. Give
two uses of aluminium
and the property on which each use
depends.
Use _______________________________________________ [1]
Property ___________________________________________ [2]
Use _______________________________________________ [1]
Property ___________________________________________ [2]
f)
Aluminium is widely recycled.
Suggest two reasons why aluminium
metal is recycled.

________________________________________________________________
____________________________________________________________ [2]