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    How Microprocessors Work: Daryl Ngan Travis Beardslee Chris Morgan

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    Nagul Meera
    A microprocessor works by fetching program instructions from memory, decoding what type of operation needs to be performed, and executing the instruction through its arithmetic logic unit (ALU). It uses pipelining to fetch, decode, and execute instructions simultaneously from multiple programs to improve efficiency. The microprocessor communicates with memory, which stores both data and instructions, through a system bus. Memory includes random access memory (RAM) that only temporarily stores active data and programs, and read-only memory (ROM) that permanently stores basic startup instructions.

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    How Microprocessors Work: Daryl Ngan Travis Beardslee Chris Morgan

    Uploaded by

    Nagul Meera
    12 views15 pages
    A microprocessor works by fetching program instructions from memory, decoding what type of operation needs to be performed, and executing the instruction through its arithmetic logic unit (ALU). It uses pipelining to fetch, decode, and execute instructions simultaneously from multiple programs to improve efficiency. The microprocessor communicates with memory, which stores both data and instructions, through a system bus. Memory includes random access memory (RAM) that only temporarily stores active data and programs, and read-only memory (ROM) that permanently stores basic startup instructions.

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    A microprocessor works by fetching program instructions from memory, decoding what type of operation needs to be performed, and executing the instruction through its arithmetic logic unit (ALU). It uses pipelining to fetch, decode, and execute instructions simultaneously from multiple programs to improve efficiency. The microprocessor communicates with memory, which stores both data and instructions, through a system bus. Memory includes random access memory (RAM) that only temporarily stores active data and programs, and read-only memory (ROM) that permanently stores basic startup instructions.

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    12 views15 pages

    How Microprocessors Work: Daryl Ngan Travis Beardslee Chris Morgan

    Uploaded by

    Nagul Meera
    A microprocessor works by fetching program instructions from memory, decoding what type of operation needs to be performed, and executing the instruction through its arithmetic logic unit (ALU). It uses pipelining to fetch, decode, and execute instructions simultaneously from multiple programs to improve efficiency. The microprocessor communicates with memory, which stores both data and instructions, through a system bus. Memory includes random access memory (RAM) that only temporarily stores active data and programs, and read-only memory (ROM) that permanently stores basic startup instructions.

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    of 15

    How Microprocessors Work

    Daryl Ngan Travis Beardslee Chris Morgan

    Overview
    Inside a Microprocessor How it thinks Computer Memory How it stores data Program Instructions Tell it what to do

    Arithmetic Logic Unit (ALU)


    Addition Subtraction Multiplication Division Comparison Logic Operations
    OPERAND A

    RESULT

    OPERAND B CONTROL

    Pipelining
    Assembly Line Specialization Dont Waste Resources

    Pipelining Fetch Stage


    Get Instruction From Memory Store In Instruction Register

    FETCH

    DECODE

    EXECUTE

    Instruction #1

    Pipelining Decode Stage


    Determine Instruction Type Get Necessary Data Setup ALU

    FETCH

    DECODE

    EXECUTE

    Instruction #2

    Instruction #1

    Pipelining Execute Stage


    Perform Required Operation Store Result In Result Register

    FETCH

    DECODE

    EXECUTE

    Instruction #3

    Instruction #2

    Instruction #1

    Memory
    Stores Data and Instructions Communicates With Microprocessor

    MICROPROCESSOR

    System Bus
    SYSTEM BUS

    MEMORY CHIPS

    Random-Access Memory (RAM)


    Scratch Pad Stores Data and Programs During Execution Only Retains Data While Powered On

    Read-Only Memory (ROM)


    Instruction Manual Data Doesnt Change Used When System Starts

    Instructions
    Drill Sergeants Written By Programmers Relatively Simple

    Instructions - Decoding
    Composed of Fields Like Telephone Numbers
    01 (213) 740-9136 x111

    CALL NETWORK ADMIN IN EEB B10

    ADD REG16, REG1, REG8 REG16 = REG1 + REG8

    A Simple Program
    Calculate Sales Tax - Reg1 has 7.75% - Reg2 has Subtotal - Reg4 will have Grand Total MULT $3, $2, $1 ADD $4, $2, $3 OUT $4, $MONITOR

    Conclusion
    How it Thinks How it Stores Data Tell it What to Do

    Questions

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