1. Distinguish between hydrogen bonds and Van der Waals forces.

Van der Waals forces attract at moderate distance and repel at close distance, and they can shift with thermal changes in the air around them. They are not as strong as hydrogen bonds, which bind molecules together with much more tightly. Both are necessary for water. 2. Using the term electronegativity distinguish between nonpolar and polar covalent bonding. Electronegativities determine where the shared electron pair will shift when two atoms bond. If the pair is equally shared, the bond is nonpolar covalent. If the electron pair shifts toward one atom, the bond is polar covalent. 3. Cohesion vs. Adhesion. Relate this to how water moves up plant roots and tissues. Cohesion relates to when water attaches to itself and adhesion refers to water latching onto other objects, like glass. When water moves up plant roots and tissues, it attaches to the roots and the tissues with adhesion, and propels itself upward with cohesion to the rest of the water. This is known as capillary action.