lagodf ax'n ;Gb]z / z}nL sf] lanIf0ftf

zAb ;+of]hg jif{ (, c+s &, k'0ff{s+ !)@, @)^( sflt{s, sf7df8f}, k|sfzs M ;flxTo ;GWof
ctLGb| bxfn

g]kfnL ;flxTosf nfuL Ps lr/kl/rt / ctL lk|o gfd xf], sla /fd lago. Ps ;h{s ;fy} ;flxToLs lrGtssf] ?kdf kgL
pgsf] :yfg ;'/LIft / pRr 5. ;fxLTosf] dfWod 4f/f ;dfhsf] cu|ufdL ?kfGt/0f ug]{ pQd ;f]rsf ;fy ;[hgfdf ;d{kLt
;fxLTosf/ lago g]kfnsf] Ps cu|0fL ;fxLToLs ;:yf ;flxTo ;GWof g]kfnsf cbIf kgL x'g . lgodLt ?kdf pgsf s[tLx?
k|sflzt e} /x]sf 5g eg], ;Dk'0f{ ;fxLTo cg'/fuLx? pgL k|tL cg'u|xL / u'0fu|fxL 5g. k'/f b]z / cfd gfu/Lsdf ;'v, ;on,
cdgrog / a}ea sfod ePsf] x]g]{ lta| O{R5f AoSt ub}{ To:tf kIfdfyL ePsf laleGg vfn] k|lt/f]w, :j]R5Ls / afWosf/L
ca/f]wx? k|tL a8f] ;DodLt s6fIf ug{ ;kmn sla lagon] klZrdL ;fxLTodf kl5Nnf] k6s pk:ylt ePsf] ;flxToLsf] pQ/
cfw'lgsafbL k|of]u leq kg]{ ax'n ;Gb]z / z}nLsf]] ;kmn k|of]u u/]sf]] b]vLG5.

slatf ;u|xsf] lzif{s km]/LPsf] lrq cfk}mdf lgs} k|tLsfTds 5. km]/LPsf] cyjf kl/a{tLt ePsf] lhjg / hutnfO{ saLn]
b]vfpg vf]h]sf 5g eg] Tof] k/La{tg ;a}n] k|:6 af]w ug{ ;lsg] laZaf;sf;fy cfPsf] / ;sf/fTds x'g' kg]{ t/ To;f] gePsf]
b]vLG5 eGg] pgsf] larf/ 5.

lagosf] slatf ;u|x ladf]rg k'a{ tof/ u/LPsf / o; ;u|+xdf ;dfa]z ePsf e'ldsfdf saLnfO{ a8L eGbf a8L /fhg}tLs
rZdf nufP/ x]g]{ k|of; u/] kgL lago /fhlgtLs ;u ;u} cGo laleGg k|sf/sf ;r]tgfx?n] kgL plQs} el/e/fp 5g. la;f}
;tfAbLdf ;flxTosf] laz]if kIf eg]/ AofVof u/Lg] ax'nafbL larf/ pGdf ;a{q b]vLG5. kl5Nnf] cfw'lgs ;flxToLs k|a[tLnfO{
cf}Nofpb} l;4fGtsf/ 4o Thornly & Roberts n], Certainly poets are often influenced by other poets,
and those who live through the same social and political events may well share a common
outlook on them, but in the end each poet works as a private and separate person who makes his
or her own world from his or her deep concern. Necessarily, therefore, the story of English
poetry in the twentieth century is very much a story of individual figures (181) eGb} slatfnfO{
AoStL cyjf ;h{ssf] a[xQ/ cfsfIff / ax'cfofdLs ;f]r Pa+ ;Gb]zafxfs x'G5g eg]/ u/]sf] AofVof ;u ldNbf h'Nbf 5g saL
lagosf k|:t'tLx? kgL.
Afftfa/0f lagf;sf] clgoGqLt utLdfyL ;fawfgLsf] va/bf/L cfjfh lbb} lago n]V5g, cfuf] k'mSof], :ofpnfkft h'/fof],
la:tf/} la:tf/} xl/of] agdf 89]nf] ;Nsfof], xl/of] ag v/fgL /u+df /uL+of] -k]h !_. ;dfh / cfw'lgstfsf] lasf; qmd ;u}
a8\b} uPsf] aftfaf/0f lagf;nfO{ slan] To:nfO{ dfgasf] cfkm\g} c:tLTj / l;u+} dfga hutsf] lagf;sf] sf/s kgL dfg]sf
5g. cd]/lsg saL Cowper n] kgL aftfaf/0f lagf;sf] kIfnfO{ dfga huts} lagf;sf] cfwf/ dfGb} eGg' ePsf] 5, And I
must ere long lie as lowly as they[]to muse on the perishing pleasure of man (99). cfh xfdL
ag:ktL / ?v la?jf n8fO{ /x]5f} t/ To:sf] kl/0ffddf xfdL cfkm} kgL Ps lbg To;} u/L 9Ng' kb{5 eGg] larf/nfO{ lagon]
kgL k'g hf]8 lbPsf 5g.

pm e't xf] ls kz'< kz' xf] ls dfgL;< 5'6\ofpg ufx|f] eof] -@_ eGb} saLn] dfgadf x/fPsf] dfgatf, dfglao u'0f dfGotfsf]
v8]/LnfO{ lgs} a'nGb :j/ddf p7fg u/]sf 5g. x'g t cfhsf cfw'gLs elgg] dfgasf] zf/L/Ls ;+/rgf g} cfwf dfga / cfwf
d]zLgsf] ;dL>0f h:tf] ePsf] eGb} Haraway, n]V5Lg, By the late twentieth century, out time, a mythic
time, we are all chimeras, theorized and fabricated hybrids of machine and organism; in short ,
we are cybrog, the cybrog is our ontology, it gives us our politics (2270). of] egfO{ cg';f/ dfgasf]
h}aLs ;+/rgfdf g} oGqsf] pNn]Vo k|of]u /x]sf] 5 / larf/ cgL Aoafxf/ kgL ofGqLs x'g' s'g} cfZrfo{ eg] xf]O{g. n]vLsfn]
cfwf dfga / cfwf d]zLg eg]/ dfganfO{ lrlqt u/] h:t} sla lagon] ;d]t dfga dfqdf cfPsf] Tof] larng / :yngnfO{
pxfsf slatf dfkm{t k|:6 kf/]sf 5g. pgsf slatfn] oxL af]Nb5 ls ca dfga / oGq larsf] leGgtf lIf0f x'b}5, dfga hut
/dfO{ /x]5 s]an oGqdf kl/0ft x'g] xf]8df.

sla lagodf c? k|tL cf;f ug]{ / elaio k|tL cfzfafbL /xg] dgf]efa kgL b]vLPsf] 5. laz]if u/L kl5Nnf] ;dodf cfP/ dfga
k':tfdf cfPsf uDeL/ larng / u}/ dfgatfsf] k|df0fdf cfwf/Lt e} ca cfpg] gof k':tfx? sd ;Ifd, sd ;kmn / sd
k|efasf/L aGg] cgL larng / a]yLtlsf] kIfkf]ifs x'g] eGg] cfd dgf]efasf] k'0f{ k|lt/f]w ub} pgn] elaiosf] k':tf k|tL kgL lgs}
uxlsnf ;Defagfx? b]Vb} s]xL ;kgf / lhDd]bf/L ;'Dk]sf 5g / plgx?af6 Tof] k'/f x'g] cfzf u/]sf] 5g. gftL k|tL ;d{kLt
eP/ sf]/LPsf] pgsf]] slatfdf , galIftLh sf]]/]/, gakNnj, kmlqmb} km}lnb}, aFfemf] wtL{ pa{/ kfb}{, ga/udf /uLb}, pT;'stfsf]
af6f]df a8\b} u/]sf] -$_ eGb} gftL k|tL ckf/ cf:yf / laZjf; AoSt u/]sf 5g, cgL a'g]sf 5g 7'nf ;kgf / ePsf 5g
cfzfafbLtfsf ;Dafxfs. o;/L sNkgfnfO{ :yfg lbg' g} slatfsf] Pp6f cleGg u'0f ePsf] AofVof ub}{ Lohoni, Adhikari /
Subedi n], Poetry is distinct from prose in several ways: its emotional and Imaginative
qualities (18) eg]/ /fVg' ePsf] larf/dfyL kgL lagon] ;Ddfg u/]sf 5g.

/fhlgtLs kf6Lsf] g]tfx?sf] :jfyL{ utLaLwL / b]z agfpg] gfddf cfk'm aGg] dfq} WofjfGg nfO{ O{+uLt ub}{ , b]z arfpg]
k|f0ffofdsf] gfddf , b]znfO{ v{nKk lgNg vf]Hbf] /x]5 -^_ eGb} at{dfg /fhlgtLsf] kl/a]zdfyL lagon] kgL n]vs bxfnn] ug'{
ePsf] ;ldIff, k|To]s /fhg}tLs kl/jt{g / n8fO{x? b]zdf JofKt cGofo, cTofrf/, j]yLtL / s'?lt x?dfly k|xf/ ub{} :jtGqf
/ :jfledfgLtfsf ;'rs x'g]5g eg]/ ;Dk"0f{ hgtfn] ljleGg ;dodf jlnbfg ub}{ cfP . t/ ckm;f]; k|To]s kl/jt{gdf gfOs]
sxlnPsfx?n] hgtfsf cf;fdf nfQ dfq} xfg]sf] ge} t'iff/fkftg} u/LlbP . ;d:ofx? ;'lNemg' / b]zsf] cu|udg ofqf tof/x'g'
xfd|f nfuL ld7f] ;kgf / dfw'o{/tf emNsfpg] zAbx? Dffq} ag] . s'g} j]nf lje]b / lg/+s';tfdf dfq} rk]8LPsf] xfd|f] /fi6 cfh
e|i6rf/, nf]8;]l8, czflGt, c;'/Iff, lgr :t/sf] dfgljotf, ck/fwLs/0f ePsf] /fhlgtL, wldnf] sd{rf/LtGq h:tf y'k}| s'/fsf]
rk]6fdf 5 . k'/fgf /fhfx? uP klg gof /fhfx? hlGdP. Pp6f tfgfzfxf kmfnLP/ c? tfgfzfxfx? g} hlGdP, / lt gof
tfgfzfxf / /fhfx?sf] t[i0ff, ef]s / Kof; k'/fgf /fhfx?sf] eGbf so}+ u'0ff anjfg b]lvof]($) sf] efjgf ;u+ ;dfgfGtf/ ?kdf
at{dfg /fhg}tLs k/Lkf6L / To:sf g]tfx?sf] unt lgot k|tL s6fIf u/]sf 5g . h:n] ubf{ pgn] b]zsf] afu8f]/ ;Dxfn]sf
lhDd]bf/ g]t[Tjsf] :ynLt b]z k|]d / /fi6 efanfO{ ;a}sf ;fd' pbf+uf] kf/L lbPsf 5g. cfk'm of]u / k|f0ffofd k|tL cnLs a8L g}
df]xLt /x]sf] / /f]u Aofwaf6 cfk'mnfO{ arfpg To:sf] lgodLt cEof;df /x]sf] AoStLut tYonfO{ kgL ;a}sf slatf dfkm{t
l:jsf/]sf 5g.

sla lagon], p8 k/]jf p8 -*_ eGb} zfGtLsf] k|aw{ gnfO{ dnhn u/]sf 5g eg], ;f]xL slatfdf , To;n] cyf{t lkgf]r]n],
To;n] cyf{t ;'xftf]{n], To:t} u/\Yof] /] -*_ eGb} tTsfnLg laZjsf s]xL tfgfzfxfx?n] zfGtL l:jsfg{ g;s]sf] tYo nfO{ kgL
phfu/ u/]sf 5g / st} xfd|f g]tfx?df kgL Tof] ef]s t 5}g eGg] z+sf ub}{ zfGtLnfO{ sdhf]/ gaGg cfu|x kgL u/]sf 5g.

cu|h Ps laVoft :jR5GbtfafbL sla William Blake afnaflnsfsf nfuL ;fdfGo efa ;Dk|]z0f ug]{ u/L /rgf u/]sf ;/n
slatfx? / hafg cgL ao:s dfga d:tL:snfO{ eg]/ cnL uxg laifo a:t' ;fy} slatf lawfsf laleGg u'0fx?n] e/LPsf
uxg slatf /rgf ub{y] / ltgLx?nfO{ Song of the innocence / Song of the experience egLP h:t} sla
algon] kgL Tof] k|ltef cfkm'df k|ltlaDeLt ub}{ cfh :s'n eGg] afn slatf o; ;u|xdf ;u|+lxt u/]/ pQ u'0fnfO{ cg';/0f
ug{ ;kmn ePsf 5g. pQ slatfdf laifo a:t' dfq} afnafnLsfsf nfuL ge} z}nL kgL afn d}qL 5. ;fdfGotof afnaRrfx?
;uL+tsf w'gdf a8L k|efaLt /xg] / slatfsf x/kmx?df x'g] ;uLtu'0fsf sf/0f pgLx? slatf df]xdf /dfpg] kIfnfO{ kgL pgn]
dgg / ;Ddfg u/]sf 5g of] slatfdf . To;}n] of] slatfsf ;a} x/kmx?df nosf] k|of]u u/]sf 5g.

;]tf] xfQLsf] ef/L eGb} lagon] cfkm\gf] slatf dfkm{t b]zsf] 7'nf] wg/fzL :jfxf agfpg] t/ To:sf] kl/0ffddf hgtfnfO{ s]xL
kgL lbg g;Sg] cy{lxg / ult/f]wn] el/Psf] /fhlgtLnfO{ O{+uLt u/]sf 5g. hgtfn] xf8 5fnf u/]/ vfO{ gvfO{ u/Lsg arfPsf]
k};faf6 b]zsf] ;Da[4lsf] nfuL eGb} lt/]sf] s/sf] lx:;f lnb} To:df lanf;L hLjg latfpg] g]tfnfO{ lbO{Psf] Tof] pkdf Psbd}
;lx 5. cfkm} e|:6 eP/, c?nfO{ ctL{ pkb]z lbg], sd{r08fn -@#_ eGb} at{dfg /fhlgtLsdL{x?sf] u}/lhDd]bf/L kgfnfO{
;/n?kdf AofVof ul/lbPsf 5g. b]z / cfd gfu/Ls lk8f, a]bgf, qf; / sf]nxfnsf] lzsf/ ePsf a]nf kgL 9'Ss ;u lgbfpg
;Sg], cfd gfu/Ls ef]sd/Ln] d/L/xbf kgL 8sf/ cfpg] / ckr x'g u/L vfg ;Sg], lztnx/n] cfd dfgasf] afRg kfpg]
clwsf/dfyL wfaf af]nL /xbf ;d]t cfe'if0f / d0fL df0fLSo h8fg ePsf aZq klx/Lg nfh / g}tLs ;+s6 gdfGg] g]tfx? k|tL
s6fIf ub}{ ltgLx?df ePsf] r]tgfsf] unt bz{gnfO{ phfu/ phfu/ u/]sf 5g. sla Stafford n] dfgasf] af]nL / Aoafxf/df
km/s /x]sf] / r]tgfsf] prfO{ laeSt ePsf] s'/f k|tL ulx/f] Aou+ ub}{ n]Vg' ePsf] slatfsf cz+x? My fingers touching
her side brought me the reason [], then I pushed her over the edge into the river (43) sf] efa
lagodf kgL b]vLG5. sla lagon] kgL xfd|f g]tfx?sf] af]nL / Aoafxf/df ePsf] uDeL/ larngnfO{ k|:6 kf/]sf 5g. cfkm'g}
c;+Vo s's[Tox? ub{} lx8\g], ;dfhnfO{ lg/fzf / cwf]utL lt/ 8f]xf]/\ofpg], ktLt sfd ug]{, nf]e, kfk, df]x qmf]w / qmGbgdf
/dfpg], b'u{0fL x'g] t/ c?nfO{ ;t\larf/ / Aoafxf/ l;sfPsf] wd08 ug]{ jf l;Sg 89f; lbg] 4]ifk'0f{ d:tLssf] lr/kmf/ ug]{
;fxf;sf ;fy pgn] cfkm\gf slatfdf cfjfhx? e/]sf 5g. cgL of] b]zsf] 7'nf] Pp6f cfyL{s cz+ l;WofP/ kgL s'g} kl/0ffd
lbg g;s]sf] ;la+wfg;ef lt/ O+uLt ub}{ n]vlPsf] of] slatf ;a}eGbf nfdf] x'gn
' ] kgL Tof] ;la+wfg;efn] ug'{ kg]{ sfd ;d]l6Psf]
/ hgtfn] cfzf u/]sf] kl/at{gsf d'Bfx?sf] ;'rL lgs} nfdf] /x]sf] ememNsf] lbG5. k6s k6s ub}{ ;la+wfg;efsf] Dofb yk]/
hgtf / b]zdfyL lazfn cfyL{s ef/ ylkPsf] / cGTodf ;d]t o:nfO{ lagf lg0f{o x7ftdf cGTo u/fO{ km]/L ;la+wfg;efsf]
lgaf{rg ug'{kg]{ cgL To:sf cfwf xhf/ eGbf a8L ;b:onfO{ kfNg' kg]{ af]em g]kfnL ;dfh dfyL yf]k/]sf] kl/k|]Iodf Tof] ;la+wfg
agfpg eg]/ v8f ePsf] lgsfo af:tadf g} ;f]tf] xfQL ePsf] 5, h:sf] pknawL z'Go eof], t/ nufgL / vr{ sNkgf eGbf
lazfn.
;+;sf/sf ;a} eGbf b'O{ dxTjk'0f{ ;fwg dfga / ;dosf] cGt/;DaGwnfO{ ;xL ?kdf lrlqt ub}{ slan] ;do dfgL; x'g
;Sb5, dfgL; ;do x'g ;Sb5 -@*_eg]sf 5g eg] pgdf x/]s s'/fdf lhaGttf b]Vg] Ifdtf /x]sf] 5. ;donfO{ dfgL;sf]
9fpFdf pEofP/ pgn] ;do kgL utLlzn, phf{jfg / zStLzfnL ePsf] cgL To:nfO{ lrGg' kg]{ / ;xL ;b'kof]u ug'{ kg]{ s'/fsf]
jsfnt u/]sf] 5g.
sla lagosf clwsfz+ slatfx?Dff cToGt} yf]/} zAb k|of]u ePsf / 5f]6f] 5f]6f] x/kmx? l56f] l56f] kl/at{g ePsf kIfx?n] rfxL
b]zsf] cToTg} afZklzn / cg'dfg ug]{ g;lsg] u/L kl/at{g e} /x]sf] c:yL/ /fhlgtLnfO{ b]vfpg vf]h]sf] 5. zAbsf efax?nfO{
zAbsf ;Dof]hg ug]{ z}nLn] ;d]t ckf/ Gofo u/]sfn] saLn] slatfsf laz]if u'0fx?nfO{ Gofo ug{ ;s]sf] b]vLG5. slatfdf
x/bd k|of]u ul/g] of] z}nLnfO{ lrGts Abraham n], figurative language is conspicuous departure from
what users of a language apprehend as the standard meaning of words, or else the standard order
of the words in order to achieve some special meaning or effect (96) eGb} AofVof ug'{ ePsf] 5.

/fhlgtL b]zsf] d'Vo d'Bf ePsf] / To:sf ;sf/fTds / gsf/fTds kIfx?sf] ;f]xL lx;fan] b]z / cfd gfu/lssf] hLjgdf c;/
kg]{ ePsfn] slan] ;d]t clwsfz+ slatfdf /fhg}tls zf]r / larf/ ;Dk|]0f u/]sf 5g. kmf]xf]/L x'b} uPsf] /fhgltL / uFgfpb}
uPsf g]tfx? k|tL lgs} lta| cfqmf]z kf]v]sf 5g. pgLdfyL u/Lg] ;ldIff, ;dfnf]rgf / slatfsf AofVof laZn]if0fx?df ;d]t
/fhlgtLs rZdf ck/fhLt?kdf ;an ePsf] b]vLg' ;fdfGo eP kgL lhag / hutsf cGo kIfx? kgL pgsf slatfdf k|:6
sf]/LPsf 5g. pd]/ slatfdf afr'Gh]n sd{ ug]{ sd{ lgi7 afgL, xf;L xf;L dg{ l;Sg] x'g' k5{ afgL -$^_ eGb} d[To' dfyL kgL
a}}sNkLs lrGtgsf] cfwf/ lgdf{0f ug{ ;kmn ePsf 5g. s'g} klg nIf / of]hgfdf xb} ;Ddsf] d]x]gt, kl/>d / nufa kf]Vg
pTk|]/0ff lbgsf nfuL / c?nfO{ To:t}df pT;fxLt u/fpg k|of]u ul/g] kf}/f0fls pvfgsf] aSofz u/ of d/nfO{ clxn] u/ /
dfq} d/ eGg] kIfaf6 laZn]if0f e} /x]sf] 5 eg] d[To' dfyL kgL zf]sfs'n g} xg' k5{ eGg] dfGotfdf w/} k|sf/sf cGt/ la/]fwL
wf/0ffx? sf] lasfz ;d]t ePsf] kfO{G5. laZj laVoft ;fxLTosf/ William Shakespeare h:nfO{, Long n] , In a
few years more he leads all that brilliant groups of poets and dramatist who have given undying
glory to the Age of Elizabeth (137) eG5g, pxfn] w]/} klxn] g} d[To'nfO{ kgL km/s lx;faaf6 AofVof ug{ /
cfTd;fy ug{ cg'/f]w ub}{ n]Vg' ePsf] slatfdf No thing of him that doth fade, but doth suffer a sea
change, into something rich and strange (37) eGg' ePsf] 5. pSt slatfn] d[To'nfO{ kgL cem} d'Nojfg s'/fdf
x'g] kl/at{g atfpb} d[To'af6 s'g} IftL gx'g] eGb} To:df cgfa:os zf]sfs'n gx'g / ;fdfGo w6gf h:t} ?kdf lng cg'/f]w u/]/
d[To'nfO{ ;d]t ;sf/fTds tjaf6 a'em\g' kg]{ h'g cawf/0ffsf] lasf; u/fpg' eof] To:sf] ;fk]lIft k|efa lagodf kgL /x]sf]
b]vlG5, To;}sf] kmn:ja?k lagon] d[To'nfO{ kgL xf;L xf;L l:jsfg{ ;Sg] afgL lgdf{0f ug{ ckLn u/]sf 5g.
b]z k|tLsf] cufw dfof ePs} sf/0f slan] b]zsf] c:yL/ / sdhf]/ at{dfg k|tL lgs} b'Mv AoSt ub}{ b]zsf] hu sdhf]/ ePsf]
cfefif kf7snfO{ u/fPsf 5g. xNn} xNnfsf] b]z elgg] of] b]z, cfh cfkm} xNnL /x]5 -$(_ eGb} slan] xNnLg'sf] zf:jt ;To
t phfu/ u/] g} t/ slasf] lelq O{R5f rfxL of] larf/ / efjgf ;dk|]z0f u/fpg] x'g ;S5 ls, xNnL xNnL ;b} e/L s'g} ;/+rgf
lbw{sfn ;Dd /xg ;Sb}g / dtna xfdL xNnLg' eg]sf] l56} g} lIf0f x'g] j eTsg ;Sg] ;+s]t kgL xf].
xfufF lauf tfgftfg ug{ yfn]sfn] kf] xf] ls -$(+_ eGb} b]zdf km}ng nfu]sf] hftLo / ;fDk|bfoLs laefhgnfO{ cgL To:sf
cfwf/df x'g ;Sg] vt/fnfO{ ;s+]t ug{ vf]h]sf 5g. l;u}+ ?vnfO{ k'/f b]z / To;sf xFfuflaufnfO{ gfu/Ls ;d'xx?sf ?kdf
lrq0f ub}{ s'g} l;uf]+ a:t'sf] jf ;/+rgfsf] cfwf/ to:sf ;Dk'0f{ ;fxfos ;/+rgfsf] k'0f{?kn] dfq} ;kmn x'G5 eGg] l;4fGtnfO{
dgg u/]sf 5g.
dfgL;x?sf] hu+ndf -%!_ eGb} slan] zAbx?sf] ax't rt'/ / lanIf0f k|of]unfO{ ;fy{s agfPsf 5g. dfgL;x?nfO{ hu+ndf
b]vfP/ pgn] dfgan] af/Daf/ ug]{ u/]sf kz'hGo utLaLwLx?nfO{ O{lu+t ug]{ k|fo; u/]sf 5g. lasf; / ;Eotfsf] utL a9\b}
hfbf dfgan] bfglao u'0fsf laleGg utLlawLx? ub}{ cfPsf] / dfgax?sf] ;f]r hgaf/ t'No /x]sf] larf/nfO{ ;fa{hlgs u/]sf
5g . cem laszLt / cfw'lgs elgg] dfgax? g} a8L v/fa ePsf] tYo ;fa{hlgs ub}{ Lorenz n] The farmer knows
something that the whole of civilized mankind seems to have forgotten, namely, that the
resources of life on our planet are not inehausitble (23) eGg' ePsf] 5 / lagon] kgL Tof] ;TotfnfO{
slatfdf ptf/]sf 5g.
;kmntf s'/f ug]{x?n] ge} sfd ug]{x?n] dfq} k|fKt ub{5g eGg] dfGotfnfO{ l:jsf/ ub}{, k'lub}g uGtAodf hKtfdf asaf;sf]
dGtAo -%%_ eg]/ uGtAo la;LP{/ dGtao k|]dL ePsf] at{dfg /fhlgtLsf lg0f{fos elgg]x?nfO{ lbIfLt ug{] ;fxf; a6'n]sf
5g. e/v/} sf]/lnPsf pHofnf rNnfx?nfO{, rv+ afhn] ufHbf, 6'n'6'n' x]/L a:g], cb[Zo v]nsf] uf]6L aGg], xf]O{gg xfd|f
celi6x? -%%_ eGb} hgtfn] h'g;'s} d'No r'sfP/ kgL e/v/ k|fKt u0ftGqnfO{ hf]ufpg] s'/f / ;+sNk ;d]t cuf8L ;f/]sf
5g.
d'lQmbftf vf]O{ < -^%_ eGb} pgn] hgtfnfO{ lk8f, k|tf8gfaf6 d'StL lbnfpg] dfxf dfgasf] cfaZostf b{;fPsf 5g.
at{dfgdf pk:yLt g]tfx?af6 b]znfO{ pkrf/ ;Dea gePsf] af:tlastf x[bou+d u/L gofF d'StLbftfsf] vf]hLdf ;'rgf ;d]t
lbPsf 5g. v} sfxf uof], xfd|f] d'QmLbftfn] p7fpg] /ftf] em08f -^&_ eGg] k|Zg ub}{ cfhsf sDo'lgi6 eGg] g]tfx? k|tL ulx/f]

s6fIf u/]sf 5g. pgsf] larf/df sDo'lgi6x?n] p7fpg] u/]sf] em08f g} x/fPsf] eGb}, em08f g} x/fPsf] sf/0f To:df uf]naGwLt
/xg] dfgL;x? / To:sf cg'ofoLx?df ;d]t b'lawf cfPsf], ;}4flGts dfGotf x/fPsf], / Tof] cfd hgtfnO{ d'QmL lbg] elgPsf]
cfGbf]ng kgL cfkm}n] d'QmL gkfPsf] oyfy{nfO{ lrq0f ug{ ;kmn ePsf 5g.

xfd|f] ;j]+bgf st} x/fP h:tf] 5, la1fkg lbP/ vf]Hg' knf{ h:tf] 5 -^(_ eGb} slan] cfw'lgs elgg] dfgadf x/fpb} uPsf
dfglao u'0fx?sf] af/]df lrGtf hfx]/ u/]sf 5g. dfga z/L/sf lx;fan] dfga /x] kgL Aoafxf/sf lx;fan] bfga h:t} /
z}nLsf lx;fan] d]zLg a/fa/ ePsf] s'/f k|tL sla lgs} lrGtLt b]vLG5g. ;j+]bgf g} ;lha / lghL{a k|f0fL larsf] ;a} eGbf
uxg dxTj /fVg] lalawtf xf]. Tof] ;Da]bgf x/fP kl5sf cfkm\gf ;Gtfgx? / cGo gfu/Lsx? lghL{a lx;fan] lasf;Lt x'b}
uPsf] tYo phfu/ ub}{ cd]/Lsg sla Simpson, n] When their daughters seemed as sensitive, as the tip
of a fly rod, and their sons were as smooth as a V-8 engine (33) eGb} cfw'gLs dfga k|tL ug'{ ePsf] Aou+
ug{ slQ kgL r's]sf 5}gg sla lago kgL . cgL cfhsf] o'udf /x]sf] la1fkgsf] dxTjnfO{ kgL cfTd;ft ub}{ cfk'mdf
Aoaf;foLs ;f]r /x]sf] kgL v'nf;f u/]sf 5g.

slan] lgb|flnKt gfu/Ls ;dfh k|tL kgL Aou+ u/]sf 5g. b]zsf] /fhlgtL lau|g' / aa{fbLn] 5f]Kg] kIf gfu/Ls ;dfhsf] ;s[otf
/ lglis[otfdf kgL e/ kb{5. Gffu/Ls ;dfhsf] e'ldsf vf]Hb} bxfnn], t/ o;/L b]zdf a]yLtL Pa+ a]r}gn] of] ca:yf ;Dd /fh
ug'sf] k5f8Lsf] Pp6f sf/0f lgb|flnKt gfu/Ls ;dfh klg xf]. olb b]zdf gfu/ls lxtsf] nfuL sfdug]{ ;zSt gfu/Ls ;dfh
ePsf] eP, xfd|f] ca:yf olt lh0f{ / w/f;foL aGb}g lyof]. kf6Lx? t :jefa}n] /fhlgtLs :jfy{ / ;f}bfafhlsf k5f8L bf}8G5g
t/ gfu/Ls ;dfhn] ltgLx?nfO{ ;bfafxf/ va/bf/L u/L/xg' kg]{ xf] . hgtfsf ;/f]sf/ / ;afn dfyL lgikIf / lg/Gt/ ?kdf
cfafh a'nGb ub}{ O{dfGbf/Ltf ;lxt ;/sf/ / ;DalGwt lgsfonfO{ ;r]t u/fpg' kg]{ xf] eGg' ePsf] 5, ($). slan] ;d]t,
s;}n] ufnL ubf{ kgL, ctL{ dfGg], s;}n] lxsf{pbf kgL, DjfO{ 7fGg], s;}sf] Ajf;f] ;'D;'DofO{df kgL, dfg do{bf g} eGg], lgNg vf]h]
kgL 9'Ss l;t lgbfpg], xfdL stL uxglzn< xfdL stL nuglzn < xfdL stL dd{lzn < xfdL stL ;xglzn < -&)_ eGb}
hgtfn] lgefpg' kg]{ z;St e'ldsf / gfu/Ls ;dfhn] axg ug'{ kg]{ bfolTj k|tL k|Zg u/]sf 5g. cfk'mnfO{ nHhLt cg'ea
u/]sf b]vLG5g.
o;/L sla lago ;fdfGo Pp6f dfq} kIf jf laifodf ;+s'lrt ge} sg cfw'lgs ;flxTon] ;Gb]z / ;+r/gfsf lx;fan] ax' /
lalaw k|of]u eg]/ agfPsf] dfGotfdf cfwf/Lt /x]/ ;[hgfdf ;kmn b]vLG5g.

;Gb{e ;'rLx?
Abrams, M. H. A Glossary of Literary Terms. India: Harcourt India Private Limited; 2001.
Cowper, William. The Poplar Field: The magic of Words Ed. Shreedhar Lohoni & Ramshwor P
Adhkari. Nepal: M.K. Publishers and Distributors, 1997. P+ 99.
Haraway, Donna. A Manisfesto for Cybrogs: The Norton Anthology of Theory and Criticism.
Edt. Vincent B. Leitch. UK: W. W. Norton and Company. P+ 2266.
Lohoni, Shreedhar P. & Ramshwor P Adhkari, Abhi Subedi. A Companion to Literature. Nepal:
Educational Enterprises; 1996.
Long, William J. English Literature. India: A.I. T. B. S. Publishers and Distributors; 2006.

Lorenz, Konrad. Civilized Mans Eight Deadly Sins: Reading between the Lines. Edt. John
McRae and Roy Boardman. India: Foundation Books; 2004. P+23
Shakespear William. Full Fathom Five, thy Father Lies: The Heritage of Words. Ed. Shreedhar
Lohoni, Ramshwor P Adhkari, Abhi Subedi. Nepal: Ekata Books; 2010. P+ 37.
Simpson, Louis. The Inner Part: Generations, Thematic Anthology of Poems. Ed. Shreedhar
Lohoni, Padma P. Devkota. Nepal: Educational Enterprises; 2001. P+ 32.
Stafford, William. Travelling through the Dark: The Heritage of Words. Ed. Shreedhar
Lohoni, Ramshwor P Adhkari, Abhi Subedi. Nepal: Ekata Books; 2010. P+ 43.
Thornley, G. C. & Gwyneth Roberts. An Outline of English Literature. India: Orient Longman;
2004.
lago, /fd. km]/LPsf] lrq . g]]kfnM hgdt k|sfzg, @)^*
bxfn, ctLGb| . h6Ln /fhlgtLs u0fLtM g]kfn ;drf/kq /fli6o b}gLs. g]kfnM sfdgf k|sfzg, larf/ k[i7 $, c;f/ !#,
@)^(.
gfu/Ls ;dfh p7\g' kg]{ a]nfM g]kfn ;drf/kq /fli6o b}gLs . g]kfnM sfdgf k|sfzg larf/ k[i7 $, c;f/ !(, @)^*.