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TRNG I HC CN TH KHOA CNTT & TRUYN THNG B MN KHOA HC MY TNH

Ngun ti liu
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Bi ging X l nh

Ti liu tham kho:

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Slide Introduction l'image, bi ging X l nh. Alain Boucher. IFI. 2010. Chng 1, Digital Image Processing, 2nd edition. Rafael C. Gonzalez, Richard E. Woods. Prentice-Hall. 2002. Wikipedia: image processing, image resolution, binary image, grayscale, quantification.

Chng 1

Ti liu ngh c:
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NH S

Qu trnh thu nhn nh

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Qu trnh thu nhn nh

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Qu trnh thu nhn nh mt ngi

Qu trnh thu nhn nh my nh s

v my nh
My nh B s ho

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Qu trnh thu nhn nh s

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Qu trnh thu nhn nh s

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Cm bin hnh nh

Nng lng ca nh sng n c chuyn thnh tn hiu in. Hiu in th ra t l thun vi lng nh sng n.

Willard S.Boyle v George E.Smith Nobel vt l 2009 cho pht minh cm bin hnh nh CCD [1]

Cm bin my Canon EOS 5D Mark II [2]

[1] http://www.sggp.org.vn/trithuccongnghe/2009/10/206025/ [2] http://www.tin247.com/tim_hieu_cam_bien_may_anh_so-19-21477648.html Source : Gonzalez and Woods. Digital Image Processing. Prentice-Hall, 2002.

Qu trnh thu nhn nh s

Qu trnh thu nhn nh s

Source : Gonzalez and Woods. Digital Image Processing. Prentice-Hall, 2002.

Source : Gonzalez and Woods. Digital Image Processing. Prentice-Hall, 2002.

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Qu trnh thu nhn nh s

nh sng -> tn hiu in (tn hiu lin tc) -> s ho (gi tr ri rc) 2 bc s ho 1 bc nh
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nh s
L ma trn 2 chiu cc s nguyn. Mi s biu din cho cng sng (mu) ca im nh tng ng.

Ly mu

Lng t ho

Source : Gonzalez and Woods. Digital Image Processing. Prentice-Hall, 2002.

Source : Tal Hassner. Computer Vision. Weizmann Institute of Science (Israel).

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nh s
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3 loi nh s
nh nh phn: ch c 2 mc sng (0: en, 1: trng) nh mc xm: c nhiu mc sng, thng thng gm 256 mc sng t 0 (en) n 255 (sng trng) nh mu: c tng hp t 3 mu c bn RGB.

nh nh phn
Source : Tal Hassner. Computer Vision. Weizmann Institute of Science (Israel).

nh mc xm

nh mu

Source : Tal Hassner. Computer Vision. Weizmann Institute of Science (Israel).

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phn gii
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phn gii im nh
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phn gii hin th (display resolution): hay cn gi l phn gii im nh, l s lng im nh (pixel) phn bit c th hin th c trn mi chiu.
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Nu 2 nh c cng kch thc vt l, nh no c phn gii im nh ln hn c kh nng hin th nhiu chi tit hn, hoc hin th chi tit sc nt hn.

Quy c: phn gii ca mt nh l M ct x N dng V d: mt mn hnh c phn gii 1024 x 768

phn gii mu (color resolution): hay cn gi l su mu (color depth), l s mu (hay cng sng) phn bit c th hin th c.
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Quy c: su mu ca nh mc xm l 256 mc xm, ca nh mu l 24 bits / pixel.

Source :Alain Boucher. Bi ging X l nh. IFI.

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phn gii im nh
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su mu
nh no c su mu ln hn c kh nng hin th nhiu mu sc hn, hoc hin th mu sc mn hn.

128 x 128

64 x 64

32 x 32

16 x 16
Source :Alain Boucher. Bi ging X l nh. IFI.

8x8

4x4
Source :Alain Boucher. Bi ging X l nh. IFI.

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su mu
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nh dng file nh s
C rt nhiu nh dng file lu tr nh s
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RAW
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256 mc xm

16 mc xm

8 mc xm
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lu tr thng tin trc tip t cm bin. Lu tr c gn nh ton b nhng g cm bin nhn thy v cm nhn c v iu kin khi chp Khng c s dng nh nh nhng sn sng cho to nh Khng c mt chun chung, gim tnh linh hot khi x l. my nh bn chuyn nghip v chuyn nghip thng cho php chp RAW v JPG

TIFF, GIF, JPEG, PNG, BMP, PPM, PGM,

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4 mc xm

2 mc xm nh nh phn

Cn c vo nhng ci t trc khi chp ( sc nt, cn bng trng, qu trnh phi sng), my s x l thng tin nh RAW v cho ra mt tp tin nh nhn c di nh dng JPG, TIFF ty theo ci t
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Source :Alain Boucher. Bi ging X l nh. IFI.

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nh dng file nh s
JPEG (Joint Photographic Experts Group) GIF (Graphic Interface Format)

nh dng file nh s
TIFF (Image File Format) Nhip nh chuyn nghip + gii thit k ho Lu tr d liu lu di Dung lng cng knh Nn khng mt thng tin (dung lng khng thay i ng k khi c nn) Lu tr d liu lu di Dung lng cng knh Bo lu cht lng nn vt tri hn c TIFF PNG (Portable Network Graphics)

My nh s Ph bin: dung lng nh, nh (1/10 so vi tp tin d liu gc) => thao tc nhanh, trnh treo my Nn mt d liu

Logo, hnh nh c t mu sc Dung lng nh => thao tc nhanh, trnh treo my

Gii hn 256 mu => khng th hin c hnh nh chn thc ca file d liu gc

http://congnghe.nld.com.vn/244159p0c89/dinh-dang-file-anh.htm
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http://congnghe.nld.com.vn/244159p0c89/dinh-dang-file-anh.htm
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nh dng file nh s
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nh dng file nh khng nn

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Mi nh dng file nh s c nhng u v nhc im ring, tuy nhin, chng ta s khng nghin cu su vn ny. Mi file nh s gm 2 phn chnh:
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Gi tr cc pixels c ghi trc tip vo file theo th t. Mt s nh dng file c h tr lu tr nh khng nn: BMP, PNG, TIFF 2 nh dng file n gin, thun li cho vic quan st gi tr cc pixels v x l chng:
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Header: cha thng tin ca nh (chiu cao, chiu rng, su mu, ...) Data: cha gi tr cc pixels trong nh. Cc gi tr ny thng c nn theo nhiu phng php khc nhau. Demo FreeCommander
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PGM: nh mc xm 8 bits. PPM: nh mu R-G-B 24 bits.

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nh dng file nh nn
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nh dng file nh s
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Vic nn cc pixels nhm lm gim kch thc lu tr

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Mi nh dng file nh s c m t chi tit ring. Cn tham kho nh dng chi tit ca mi loi file vic c v lu nh c chnh xc.

Mt nh mu RGB 24 bits kch thc 1024 x 768 pixels nu khng nn s chim dung lng hn 2,2 MB.

C 2 phng php nn chnh:

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Nn khng mt thng tin: gi tr cc pixels c bo ton qua qu trnh nn v gii nn. V d: PNG, ... Nn mt thng tin: gi tr cc pixels khng c bo ton qua qu trnh nn v gii nn. V d: JPEG, ...

Ch : nh JPEG tt cho vic hin th nh, nhng khng tt cho vic x l nh (do mt nhiu thng tin).
Source: http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/BMP_file_format

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Mt s cu hi n tp
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Bi gii
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Mun thay i sng ti ca nh th lm th no?

Chuyn nh mu v nh mc xm for (int x=0; x<image_in.width(); x++) for (int y=0; y<image_in.height(); y++) { QRgb color = image_in.pixel(x,y); // ly mu ca pixel x, y // i mu sang mc xm int gray = qGray(color); QRgb color_out = qRgb(gray , gray , gray ); image_out.setPixel(x,y, color_out); }

Cho cc hm QT Creator, vit gii thut chuyn nh mu v nh mc xm, thay i sng ti ca nh

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qGray(color) Color.getHsv(&h, &s, &v), color.rgb()

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