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Cách bấm cáp mạng
Cách bấm cáp mạng
I.CP V U CP :
trong li gm c 4 cp dy xon vi nhau theo tng cp. Mi cp dy c mu sc ring. Mt s nh sn xut cho mi dy mt mu. Nhng dy chuyn nghip ch c 4 cp mu. Bao gm 1 dy mu v mt dy trng sc mu . 4 cp dy xon nhau v 4 cp mu - Bn thn cc cp dy xon cng c thit k xon nhau ngay trong li nha ca dy. Bn trong li nha cn c cc si nilon trnh nhim in cho dy.
4 cp dy cng xon nhau trong li nha. - Chiu di gii hn ca cc dy khi tch xon l 2 - 5 cm. Nu vt qua di ny, d liu khng th truyn qua dy c. V vy, mt u cp c gi l ng quy cch khng bao gi cc cp dy nm ngoi bc nha qu 2 - 5cm. - Chiu di gii hn ca dy cp mng ni gia 2 thit b (PC, HUb, Switch,...) l 100 mt. Nu vt qu gii hn ny, d liu truyn i s b nhiu v mt. Tuy nhin, trong k thut, gii hn ny ch cho php l di 85 mt - Khi bo cua (men theo gc tng), gc gii hn ca dy cp phi t 90o tr ln. Nu gc cua qu hp, ta c th cun dy cp thnh vng trn ngay gc ri i tip. Nu dy cp b bo gc di 90o th d liu s b mt hoc nhiu trn ng dy Cc dng c cn thit bm u cp mng LAN: - Dao hoc dng c tut dy: loi ny hin nay bn ph bin VN. Loi dng c tut dy cn i km theo loi "nhn cp", rt hu ch khi lm l cm cp mng trn tng. Nu khng mua loi ny, cc bn vn c th dng dao tut cp v dng vt nhn cp.
Dao tut cp v nhn cp vo Rack ( cm trn tng) - Km bm cp: loi ny dng bm cc thanh ng nh nm trn u jack RJ45 (xem
hnh). Sau khi y dy cp vo u jack, ta dng km t u jack vo v bm cht cc thanh ng i xung, "cn" vo lp nha bao bc li ng ca cp. Cc thanh ng ny s l "cu ni" data t dy cp vo cc Pin trong rack (Rack l thit b female, chnh l port ca card mng, Hub, Switch ...)
chnh l cc thanh ng
Km bm cp mng. i khi khng c km, tui dng ba nh v thanh vt dp ng cho cc thanh ng cn xung nhng khng pro cht no. - My test cp: Nguyn l hot ng rt n gin, my s nh s th t cp t 1 n 8. Mi ln s bn tn hiu trn 1 pin. u recieve s sng n s th t tng ng. Nu bn ch bm cp vng vng nh th khi mua, nhn bng mt thng cng c. Cn nu mun mua cho pro th
Chia "lp" (Layer) cho cc thit b mng: C th chia thnh 3 "lp" sau: - Layer 1: Hub, Repeater - Layer 2: Bridge, Switch. - Layer 3: Router, NIC (NIC chnh l card mng trn PC)
Trc ht cn quan st k u Jack RJ45, nhn trong rut, ng vi mi thanh ng s c mt rnh nh. Trong u cp s c 8 rnh nh dnh cho 8 si cp nh. Khi xc nh pin nh hnh v trn, chng ta bt u t nhng si cp nh vo theo th t. (ch lm 1 u cp thi, u cn li s ty thuc vo loi cp ta s lm)
Bn lu l dy s 3 v dy s 6 l mt cp xon (trn hnh l dy mu xanh l cy v dy trng sc xanh l cy). Sau khi chc chn u cp tip xc vi thanh ng v chc chn v tr dy nm gn trong cc rnh nh, bn hy dng km bm cp bm c nh n lun. Okie, vy l xong mt u. u cp cn li s tu thuc vo 1 trong 2 loi cp "thng" hay cp "cho". S cp thng:
S cp cho:
Lu , trong s cp cho, u dy kia s o th t cp cp 1-2 v 3-6 Okie, vy l bn hon thnh 2 loi cp cn bn nht ca h thng LAN. Khi kim tra, bn ch vic cm 2 u cp ln, chng gn nhau v quan st mu v v tr ca chng. Nu c test cp bn s test nh sau: i vi cp thng: n chy gia u pht v u thu s ging nhau theo th t 1 - 2 - 3 6 - 4 - 5 - 7 - 8. i vi cp cho: n s pht theo tnh hiu nh sau: u pht ------------------ u thu
n 1 --------------------- n 3 n 2 --------------------- n 6 n 3 --------------------- n 1 n 6 --------------------- n 2 n 4 --------------------- n 4 n 5 --------------------- n 5 n 7 --------------------- n 7 n 8 --------------------- n 8 Ph Lc: A/ Cch bm cp Console - cheo: Th t cc cp cp s nh s th t 1-2, 3-4, 5-6, 7-8 nm tun t, khng c cho gc g ht. Trong : 1-2 l mt cp dy xon, 3-4 l mt cp dy xon (khng phi 3-6 nh trn), tng t 5-6 v 7-8. Hai u cp s c v tr o ngc nhau nh sau 1 ------------- 8 2 ------------- 7 3 ------------- 6 4 ------------- 5 5 ------------- 4 6 ------------- 3 7 ------------- 2 8 ------------- 1 B/ Gi c cc dng c: - Cp :tu loi, gi dao ng t 1000 - 4000 / m - Jack RJ45 : giao ng t 500 / ci - 7000 / ci (loi tt nht) - Dao tut v cp v nhn cp: khong 15000 /ci - Km bm cp: khong 105.000 / ci. Vit Nam bn loi ca Trung Quc, c thm 1 l bm u jack RJ11 cho in thoi lun - My test cp: khong 10 - 15 USD / ci - Cp cun 300 m : khong 275.000 - 450000 / cun, thng
a ch ty chn. Cc bn c th n ca hng Tin Pht (ng t B Ht v Nguyn Tri Phng - Qun 10). Ch ny bn y linh kin v mng network. Gi r v l hng nhp t trung quc. Khng Bo Hnh . Nhng gi r gn 1/2 so vi bn ngoi. Bi vit ny s hng dn bn v mu sc cc cp dy ng trong 2 chun cp cng nh k thut bm cp ni 2 my vi tnh vi nhau, hoc ni my vi tnh vi hub. Trong mt dy cp t chun qui nh bao gm tm si dy ng trong mi hai si xon vi nhau thnh tng cp theo qui nh nu - trng nu, cam - trng cam - xanh l - trng xanh l, xanh dng - trng xanh dng v mt si dy km. Si dy km ny ch c chc nng
lm cho si dy cp chc chn hn, cc bn khng cn quan tm n n m ch cn quan tm n tm si dy ng m thi. Si dy cp ny s c ni vi mt u RJ45, nhim v ca cc bn l bm tm si dy ng ni trn vo cc im tip xc bng ng trong u RJ45 ny. lm c vic ny bn cn c mt ci km bm cp mng (km ny bn c th d dng tm thy trong cc ca hng tin hc ti cc thnh ph ln) v hiu c cc chun bm cp. Hin nay c hai chun bm cp l T568A v T568B, hai chun bm cp ny u do Intel qui nh. T568A: 1. Trng xanh l 2. Xanh l 3. Trng cam 4. Xanh dng 5. Trng xanh dng 6. Cam 7. Trng nu 8. Nu T568B: 1. Trng cam 2. Cam 3. Trng xanh l 4. Xanh dng 5. Trng xanh dng 6. Xanh l 7. Trng nu 8. Nu Nu cc bn mun bm mt si dy cp dng kt ni gia cc thit b cng loi, v d nh gia hai PC vi nhau hoc gia hai switch (hub) vi nhau, cc bn dng k thut bm cp cho (crossover cable). Mt u si cp cc bn bm chun T568A v u cn li cc bn bm chun T568B. Cn nu nh cc bn mun mt si dy cp dng kt ni cc thit b khc loi vi nhau v d nh t PC ni n switch (hub) hoc t switch (hub) ni n PC cc bn dung k thut bm cable thng (straight-through cable). Nu mt u si cp cc bn bm chun T568A th u cn li cng bm chun T568A, tng t nh vy nu mt u bn bm chun T568B th u cn li cc bn cng bm chun T568B. V y l cc bc thc hin: u tin cc bn ct b lp nha bo v c cc si dy ng (cc bn nn ct va cc si dy ng tip xc vi cc l ng trong u RJ45, nu ct di qu s rt d b t do u RJ45 khng bm chc vo si cp). Tip theo cc bn tho xon gia cc si dy ng, v tut lp nha bao quanh cc si ng. Bc tip theo cc bn ch cn a tng si dy ng c mu tng ng theo chun bm T568A hoc T568B t pin 1 n pin 8 (qui nh t tri qua phi). By gi cc bn ch vic a vo km bm rc l hon tt.