8/16/13

TRNG I HC CN TH KHOA CNTT & TRUYN THNG B MN KHOA HC MY TNH

nh sng
!

Bi ging X l nh

nh sng l t ph thng dng ch cc bc x in t c bc sng nm trong vng quang ph nhn thy c bng mt thng (t 380nm n 780nm) [1] L thuyt lng t coi nh sng c lng tnh sng ht:
!

NH SNG & MU SC

Tnh cht ht: nh sng l dng chuyn ng ca cc ht photon (quang t). Cc ht photon dao ng to ra sng. Tn s dao ng ca cc ht photon to nn tn s nh sng. nh sng lan truyn di dng sng.

[1] http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Light

nh sng
!

V d v 2 loi ngun sng

!

Ngun sng s cp: l cc ngun sng c kh nng t pht ra sng nh sng [1] (mt tri, bng n, ...)
!

Khi quan st mt ngun sng s cp, mu sc m mt ngi quan st c chnh l mu ca nh sng m ngun sng pht ra.

Khi quan st nh sng pht ra t n led, chng ta c cm nhn mu v nh sng t n led pht ra c bc sng nm trong vng nh sng . [1] Khi quan st mt t giy mu , ta c cm nhn mu bi t giy hp th hu ht cc bc sng khc (xanh, tm, vng...) t ngun sng s cp, ch c mu l khng hp th c v truyn n mt chng ta.
V d v ngun sng th cp [2]

Ngun sng th cp: l ngun sng pht ra nh sng bng cch phn x li nh sng t ngun sng s cp
!

Khi quan st ngun sng th cp, mu sc quan st c l mu m ngun sng th cp khng c kh nng hp th t ngun sng

[1] http://www.fotech.org/forum/index.php?showtopic=9414

[1] http://www.fotech.org/forum/index.php?showtopic=9414 [2] http://www.vietphotoshop.com/plugins/p2_news/printarticle.php?p2_articleid=764

8/16/13

Phn bit ngun sng s cp v th cp

!

nh sng v Mu sc
!

Ngun sng s cp:

!

Thin nhin: mt tri, ngi sao... Nhn to: n cy, si tc bng n...

nh sng vi di sng khc nhau khi tc ng ln mt ngi s to nn cc nim mu sc khc nhau.

Ngun sng th cp
!

Ci bn, ci gh, bng, khi c nh sng chiu vo

Mt trng l ngun sng th cp hay s cp?

Mu sc
!

Mu sc
!

Con ngi cm nhn mu sc thng qua cc t bo thn kinh th gic. T bo thn kinh th gic mt ngi gm:
!

T bo thn kinh th gic hnh nn gm 3 loi [1]:

!

Loi S p ng tt nht vi nh sng c bc sng ngn (420-440nm). Loi M p ng tt nht vi nh sng c bc sng trung bnh (530-540nm). Loi L p ng tt nht vi nh sng c bc sng di (560-580nm).

T bo hnh que: c nhim v cm th nh sng n sc (monochromatic) sng yu (low-brightness). Cc t bo ny p ng tt vi cc sng nh sng c bc sng t 490-495nm. T bo hnh nn: c nhim v cm th mu sc ca nh sng c sng trung bnh v sng mnh (medium- and high-brightness color vision).

Cn 3 tham s (S,M,L) m t nim v mu sc ngi Nguyn l 3 mu c bn (primary colors).

[1] http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/CIE_1931_color_space

[1] http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/CIE_1931_color_space

8/16/13

Mu sc
!

Mu sc
nh sng mt tri (nh sng trng) bao gm nhiu nh sng n sc bin thin lin tc t n tm. [1]

Dng lng knh phn tch nh sng trng thnh nh sng n sc. hp th nh sng theo bc sng ca ba t bo thn kinh hnh nn (cc ng mu) v ca t bo cm th nh sng yu (ng gch) mt ngi. [1]
[1] http://vi.wikipedia.org/wiki/nh_sng [1] http://vi.wikipedia.org/wiki/nh_sng

10

Mu sc v nhn thc
!

2 nguyn tc phi mu
Nguyn tc phi mu pht x: l hnh thc phi mu s dng cho cc ngun sng s cp. [1]
!

C ch ca phi mu pht x l cng mu. M hnh mu c xy dng da trn c ch phi mu pht x: RGB (Red Green Blue)

Nguyn tc phi mu hp th: l hnh thc phi mu s dng cho cc ngun sng th cp.
!

C ch ca phi mu hp th l tr mu. M hnh mu c xy dng da trn c ch phi mu hp th: CMY (Cyan Magenta Yellow)
12

Tm quan trng ca mu sc i vi s nhn thc ca con ngi. [1]

[1] Alain Boucher. Bi ging X l nh. IFI. 2004.

[1] http://www.fotech.org/forum/index.php?showtopic=9414

11

8/16/13

M hnh mu RGB - Phi mu pht x

!

M hnh mu RGB
!

Mu sc khc nhau c to ra t vic cng 3 mu c bn: , Xanh l, Xanh dng.

!

Mi mu sc c biu din bi b ba s (R,G,B). Mi thnh phn R,G,B l s thc c gi tr t 0 n 1.

!

+ Xanh l = Vng + Xanh dng = hng Xanh dng + Xanh l = Xanh lam + Xanh dng + Xanh l = Trng Khng c n = en

Mu (1.0, 0.0, 0.0) Mu xanh l (0.0, 1.0, 0.0) Mu xanh dng (0.0, 0.0, 1.0) Mu vng (1.0, 1.0, 0.0) Mu xanh lam (0.0, 1.0, 1.0) Mu hng (1.0, 0.0, 1.0)
S cng mu RGB [1]

Mu en (0.0, 0.0, 0.0), Trng (1.0, 1.0, 1.0)

14

[1] http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/RGB_color_model [2] Alain Boucher. Bi ging X l nh. IFI.

S cng mu RGB [1][2]

13

[1] http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/RGB_color_model

M hnh mu RGB
!

c biu din bi mt hnh khi hp c cnh l 1.

M hnh mu RGB [1]

[1] Alain Boucher. Bi ging X l nh. IFI. 2004.

15

8/16/13

M hnh mu RGB
!

M hnh mu RGB
Mn hnh my tnh, TV, s dng m hnh mu RGB
!

Mn hnh CRT: s dng hynh quang hin th hnh nh. Mt ng phng CRT s to ra cc tia in t p vo mn hnh hunh quang th hin cc im nh mong mun. M trong mi mt mu c xc nh bng cch ghp ba mu c bn l , xanh l v xanh dng.

Tng hp nh mu t 3 lp mu R,G,B [1]

17

18

M hnh mu CMY - phi mu hp th

!

M hnh mu CMYK
!

Mu sc khc nhau c to ra t vic tr nh sng trng vi 3 mu: Xanh lam, hng, Vng.
Image

Trong my in thng s dng thm thnh phn mc en (K).

!

(1,1,0) removes (0,0,1) (1,0,1) removes (0,1,0) (0,1,1) removes (1,0,0)

White Light S tr mu CMY [1]
! !

Do c tnh ca cc ht mu ca mc mu, nn mu en c to bng cch phi hp cc mu CMY thc s khng bao gi c en m nh mun. Mc in mu en ci thin sc nt v chiu su ca hnh nh. [1] Tit kim mc mu.
S tr mu CMY [1]
20

[1] Alain Boucher. Bi ging X l nh. IFI.

[1] http://www.vietphotoshop.com/plugins/p2_news/printarticle.php?p2_articleid=764

19

8/16/13

M hnh mu HSV
!

M hnh mu HSV

S dng 3 thnh phn:

!

H (hue): sc thi mu (, xanh, vng, ) S (saturation): bo ha mu ( ti, nht, ) V (value): sng ti ca mu

nh gc Gim 20% bo ha mu Tng 20% bo ha mu

S=1, V=1: mu thun khit S=0 v V= 1: mu trng M hnh mu HSV [1]

[1] Alain Boucher. Bi ging X l nh. IFI. 2004. Source : 19263.gel.ulaval.ca

21
!

22

Gn

gi vi cch suy ngh pha mu ca con ngi.

M hnh mu HSV

Mt s cng thc chuyn i mu sc

Source : 19263.gel.ulaval.ca

23

24

8/16/13

Mt s cng thc chuyn i mu sc

!

Tng kt chng
nh sng: ngun sng s cp <> th cp
To be able to see objects and a scene, we need light our first perception of light is color

V d: chuyn nh mu v nh mc xm. Y = 0.299 * R + 0.587 * G + 0.114 * B

Nguyn tc phi mu
Pht x (nh sng s cp) : RGB Hp th (nh sng th cp): HSV

Cng thc chuyn i mu sc

25

Mt s cu hi n tp
!

Mun thay i sng ti ca nh th lm th no?

Cho cc hm QT Creator, vit gii thut chuyn nh mu v nh mc xm, thay i sng ti ca nh

!

qGray(color) Color.getHsv(&h, &s, &v), color.rgb()

27