DC circuits

DC = Direct Current unidirectional flow of electric charges

DC supplies E (EMF = electromotive force)

Resistors

R (resistance)
R E

Branch part of the electric circuit without connections

I1

Node junction point of at least 3 branches

2 1 I4

I2

I3

Loop closed path in the electric circuit

Rk

Ek

Universitatea Tehnica din Cluj-Napoca, Facultatea de Constructii de Masini

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DC circuits. Kirchhoffs laws

Kirchhoffs current law
The algebraic sum of all the currents into a node must be equal to zero

(Ik) = 0
The sum of the currents entering the node must be equal to the sum of the currents exiting the node

(Iin) = (Iout)
I4

I1

I2 I3

I1 I2 I3 +I4 = 0

I1 + I4 = I2 + I3

Universitatea Tehnica din Cluj-Napoca, Facultatea de Constructii de Masini

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DC circuits. Kirchhoffs laws

Kirchhoffs voltage law
The algebraic sum of all the voltage drops U across a closed loop

must be equal to zero

(U) = 0
The algebraic sum of the EMF within the closed loop must be equal to the algebraic sum of the voltage drops of all resistors within the same loop

(Ek) = (RkIk)
Universitatea Tehnica din Cluj-Napoca, Facultatea de Constructii de Masini

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DC circuits. Kirchhoffs laws

Kirchhoffs voltage law
R1 E1 I2 R2

I1

E1 + E2 - E3 = R1I1 + R2I2 - R3I3 - R4I4

R4
I4 I3

travel direction

E2

E3

R3

Universitatea Tehnica din Cluj-Napoca, Facultatea de Constructii de Masini

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DC circuits. Kirchhoffs laws

Application

Kirchhoffs current low: I1 + I4 = I6 I2 + I5 = I1 I3 + I6 = I2 Kirchhoffs voltage law: R1I1 + R5I5 R4I4 = E5 R2I2 + R3I3 R5I5 = -E5 R6I6 + R4I4 R3I3 = E6

R1 I5 I1 E5

R2 I2

I4
R5 R4

I3

R3 E6 I6

R6

Universitatea Tehnica din Cluj-Napoca, Facultatea de Constructii de Masini

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