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Utf-8 Huong Dan Spss Mba Basic
Utf-8 Huong Dan Spss Mba Basic
Utf-8 Huong Dan Spss Mba Basic
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hoc:
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Trong :
+ Variable Name: tn bin (di 8 k t v khng c k t c bit)
+ Type: kiu ca b m ha
+ Labels: nhn ca bin, trong phn ny chng ta c th nhp nhiu gi tr ca nhn ph hp vi
thit k ca bng cu hi. Sau khi nhp xong mi tr ca m ho, nhn Add lu li cc gi tr
trn.
+ Value: Gi tr ca tng gi tr m ha (value) tng ng vi nhn gi tr (value label) ca n.
+ Missing: k hiu cu tr li ng ra phi tr li nhng b b qua (li), ch l gi tr ny phi
c nt c th ring bit so vi gi tr khc d dng phn bit trong qu trnh tnh ton.
+ Column: thit t ln ca ct mang tn bin v v tr nhp liu ca bin ny.
+Measure: thang o lng. Trn c s 4 cp thang o lng (biu danh, th t, khong cch
v t l), SPSS s phn ra thnh 3 thang o (biu danh (nominal), th t (ordinal) v scale
(khong cch v t l).
Mt s ch khi nhp liu
Nhp gi tr khuyt
Trong qu trnh phng vn, c nhng cu hi m ng ra c c phng vn phi tr li cu
hi , tuy nhin, do mt s nguyn nhn, ngi c phng vn b qua mt hoc vi cu hi
(hoc cu tr li) gi l gi tr khuyt.
m bo thng tin trong qu trnh phn tch, chng ta cn phi nh ngha nhng gi tr ny
nh sau: Nhn Missing - Hp hi thoi Missing Values xut hin.
-
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Sp xp bng ghi
- Nhn Sort Case
- Sp xp theo bin ti Sort by vi chiu tng (Ascending) hoc gim (Descending)
Bin mt bin thnh mt bng ghi
- Nhn Data/Transpose
- Variable(s) l nhng bin cn thay i
Kim tra gi tr nhp
- Nhn ton b gi tr: Nhn View/ Value Labels
- Kim tra mt bin no : Utilities/Variables
- Kim tra b m ho Utilities/File Info, vi b m ho ny, ta c th kim tra li mt ln na
cng vic nh ngha cc bin hoc cng c th lm danh b cho vic nhp s liu sau ny.
To bin mi khng hoc c rng buc mt iu kin
Trong qu trnh nhp liu, c th rt ngn thi gian nhp liu hoc phc v mc ch phn
tch, chng ta cn c th to ra bin mi t cc d kin v cu trc ca bin nhp.
-
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Nhn If tip theo nhn Include if case satisfies condition trong hp hi thoi thit t
iu kin (p dng cho nhng ngi c gii tnh l nam th iu kin thit t l
gioitinh=1 nh trong hp hi thoi:
M ho li bin:
Trong mt s trng hp, do nhu cu ca qu trnh phn tch, chng ta cn phi m ha li cc
bin. C hai hnh thc m ho nh sau:
- M ho dng li tn bin c:
+ Nhn Transform/Recode/Into Same Variables
+ a bin cn m ho li vo Numeric Variable
Value.
V d: phc v cho vic phn tch, ta m ho li tui ca sinh vin theo thang im
khong cch nh sau:
1 :
2 :
3 :
Di 7 nm
T 7 n 14 nm
Trn 14 nm
thng.
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Tn sut
xut hin
Valid
T l
phn trm
Percent
44.0
28.0
28.0
100.0
Valid Percent
44.0
28.0
28.0
100.0
Cumulative Percent
44.0
72.0
100.0
So lao dong
Valid
Frequency
25
61
63
45
6
200
Tu 1 den 5
Tu 6 den 20
Tu 21 den 200
Tu 200 den 300
Tren 300
Total
Percent
12.5
30.5
31.5
22.5
3.0
100.0
Valid Percent
12.5
30.5
31.5
22.5
3.0
100.0
Cumulative Percent
12.5
43.0
74.5
97.0
100.0
Xay dung
28.0%
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Lp bng so snh
So lao
dong
Tu 1 den 5
Tu 6 den 20
Tu 21 den 200
Tu 200 den 300
Tren 300
Group Total
Xay dung
Count
Row %
6
24.0%
21
34.4%
19
30.2%
7
15.6%
3
50.0%
56
28.0%
Cong nghiep
Count
Row %
12
48.0%
14
23.0%
18
28.6%
11
24.4%
1
16.7%
56
28.0%
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Gi tr
trung bnh
lch
chun
One-Sample Statistics
N
Thu nhap nam (trieu)
Mean
33224.00
200
Std. Deviation
12932.72
Gii hn trn
Gii hn di
ca c lng
t
36.331
df
199
Sig. (2-tailed)
.000
Mean
Difference
33224.00
c lng s khc bit gia hai tham s trung bnh (c lp hoc ph thuc)
KIM NH THAM S
Kim nh t i vi tham s trung bnh mu
Nh chng ta bit, thu nhp trung bnh ca cc i tng phng vn l 33,224 triu/nm, c
gi thit cho rng thu nhp ca i tng m chng ta phng vn trn tng th l 32 triu/nm,
chng ta cn kt lun nhn nh c ng khng.
Khi , gi thit ca bi ton l:
H0 : = 0= 32 (triu) v H1: 0 = 32 (triu)
& Nhn Analyze Compare Means One sample T test.
& Chn bin cn phn tch vo Test Variable(s), t gi tr 0 vo Test Value.
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10
200
200
Minimum
10750
Maximum
82500
Mean
33224.00
Std. Deviation
12932.72
One-Sample Statistics
N
Thu nhap nam (trieu)
200
Mean
33224.00
Std. Deviation
12932.72
One-Sample Test
t
1.34
df
199
Sig.
(2-tailed)
.182
Gi tr t-student
= 1,34
Gi tr p-value
=0,182>0,05
& Ti cc biu trn, ta c th bit gi tr trung bnh, lch chun ca mu. Ngoi ra t=1,34 nn
p-value=0,182>0,05 nn chng ta cha c c s bc b H0 hay cha c c s chp nhn H1.
Kim nh tham s trung bnh hai mu (hai mu c lp)
Gi s ta mun so snh thu nhp trung bnh gia nhng ngi c gii tnh nam v n trn tng
th c khc nhau hay khng, ta c gi thit:
H0: Thu nhp trung bnh ca ngi nam v ngi n bng nhau trn tng th
H1: Thu nhp trung bnh ca ngi nam v ngi n khng bng nhau trn tng th
& Nhn Analyze Compare Means Independent sample t-test.
& Chn bin thunhap vo Test Variables v bin gioitinh vo Grouping Variable
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11
& Kt qu nh sau
Group Statistics
Thu nhap nam (trieu)
Gioi tinh
Nam
Nu
Mean
37053.23
26976.32
124
76
Std. Deviation
13962.42
7763.42
Thu
nhap
nam
(trieu)
Equal variances
assumed
Equal variances
not assumed
df
Sig.
(2-ta
iled)
5.77
198
.000
10076.91
1747.75
6630
13524
6.55
196.4
.000
10076.91
1537.92
7044
13110
Sig.
17
.000
Mean
Difference
Gi tr t ca
kim nh
Std. Error
Difference
p-value ca
gi tr t
& Kim nh Leneves (gi thit H0: phng sai ca hai mu (bin) bng nhau, H1: phng sai
ca hai mu (bin) khng bng nhau) s cho php kim nh phng sai hai mu c bng nhau
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12
hay khng, trong trng hp ny nu sig. ca F (trong thng k Leneves) < 0,05 ta bc b H0,
chp nhn H1 ngha l phng sai ca hai mu khng bng nhau, do vy gi tr t m ta phi tham
chiu l gi tr t dng th 2. Ngc li nu sig. >0,05 th phng sai ca hai mu bng nhau, ta
s dng kt qu kim nh t dng th nht.
& i vi kim nh t, ta nhn thy rng t=6,55 v p-value = 0,000<0,05 nm ta c th bc b H0
v chp nhn H1, c ngha l thu nhp trung bnh gia ngi nam v n s khc nhau.
Kim nh tham s trung bnh hai mu (hai mu ph thuc)
& Nhn Analyze Compare Means Paired sample t-test. Chn bin cn phn tch vo
Paired Variables.
& Kt qu:
Paired Samples Statistics
Pair
1
Mean
42.9333
44.1333
TRUOCQC
SAUQC
N
15
15
Std. Deviation
30.6419
28.1422
Paired Differences
Pair 1
TRUOCQC - SAUQC
Mean
-1.200
Gi tr c lng
(gii hn di)
Std.
Deviation
5.7842
Std.
Error
Mean
1.4935
95% Confidence
Interval of the
Difference
Lower
Upper
-4.4032
2.0032
Gi tr c lng
(gii hn trn)
t
-.803
Gi tr t-student
= -0,803
df
14
Sig.
(2-tailed)
.435
Gi tr p-value
=0,435>0,05
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13
& Nhn Post Hoc chn loi kim nh nhm xc nh c th s khc bit gia cc nhm
(nhm no khc vi nhm no). Chng ta c th chn Bonferroni hoc Tukeys-b (hai thng k
ny u cho ra cng mt kt qu).
& Nu phng sai gia cc nhm cn so snh khng bng nhau, chng ta chn Tamhanes T2
(ng dng cho kim nh t tng cp nu phng sai ca chng khng bng nhau).
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14
& Trong Homogeneity-of-variance kim nh s bng nhau phng sai cc nhm, Means
plot lm cho hnh minh ha.
Test of Homogeneity of Variances
Thu nhap nam (trieu)
Levene Statistic
df1
.414
df2
2
Sig.
197
.661
& V Sig. >0,05 nn ta c th khng nh l phng sai ca cc nhm l bng nhau, tha mn
iu kin ca phn tch ANOVA.
ANOVA
Thu nhap nam (trieu)
Between Groups
Within Groups
Total
Sum of Squares
87185676.623
33196619123.377
33283804800.000
df
2
197
199
Mean Square
43592838.312
168510756.971
F
.259
Sig.
.772
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15
34000
33000
32000
Dich vu thuong mai
Xay dung
Cong nghiep
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16
80000
60000
40000
20000
0
6
10
12
14
16
18
20
& Chng ta c th xem ng hi quy l thuyt ca dy d liu bng cch click hai ln vo
chut.
& Sau khi mt mn hnh mi hin ra, vo Chart Option, hi hi thoi tip theo s hin ra
Bm OK Hi hi thoi s l:
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17
& Bm Continue v OK
100000
80000
60000
40000
20000
0
6
10
12
14
16
18
20
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18
R rng trn hnh v bn, ta c th hnh dung c mi quan h tuyn tnh (theo ng thng) gia
s nm lm vic v thu nhp/nm. kim tra mt cch chnh xc, ta thc hin thao tc hi quy.
& Vo Analyze v Regression chn cc bin vo cc tng ng
ANOVAb
Model
1
Regression
Residual
Total
Sum of Squares
449.294
1250.926
1700.220
df
1
198
199
Mean Square
449.294
6.318
F
71.115
Sig.
.000a
.514a
R Square
.264
Adjusted R Square
2.51
Ta c:
H s tng quan R
H s xc nh R2
R2 = 0,264 c ngha l bin s nm lm vic s gii thch 26,4% thu nhp/ nm ca nhn vin
(cn li l nhng bin s khc).
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19
R <0,3
- Nu
- Nu
0,3 R <0,5
- Nu
- Nu
0,5 R <0,7
- Nu
- Nu
- Nu
0,7 R <0,9
0,9 R
- Nu
- Nu
R2 <0,1
0,1 R2 <0,25
0,25 R2 <0,5
0,5 R <0,8
0,8 R
Coefficientsa
Model
1
(Constant)
Thu nhap nam (trieu)
Unstandardized Coefficients
B
Std. Error
9.970
.491
1.162E-04
.000
Standardized
Coefficients
Beta
.514
t
20.304
8.433
Sig.
.000
.000
Bng coefficient cho php chng ta kim nh cc h s gc trong m hnh, ta c t1 = 8,433 v pvalue = 0,000<0,05 nn ta khng nh tn ti mi quan h gia hai bin vi h s gc b1=0,00011
c ngha l khi tng mi nm lm vic, thu nhp hng nm tang 110 ngn ng. Ta c th thnh
lp c phng trnh hi quy nh sau:
yi = 9.870 + 0,00011xi + e
KIM NH CHI BNH PHNG V TNH C LP HAY PH THUC GIA HAI
BIN (CROSSTABS)
Kim nh phn phi (kim nh s ph hp)
Tnh hung: Trong mt nghin cu c tnh ca b Y t, ngi ta mong mun kim tra gi thuyt
rng tn sut s dng dch v bnh vin ca cc ngy trong tun l nh nhau v gim 25% vo
cui tun. Mt mu gm 52 000 bnh nhn c phn phi sau:
Ngy
Th hai
Th ba
Th t
Th nm
Th su
Th by
Ch nht
20
Kim nh chi bnh phng v tnh cht c lp hay ph thuc (kim nh hng ct hay
kim nh mi quan h gia hai bin biu danh)
Ngi ta dng kim nh Chi bnh phng kim nh s kt hp gia bai bin (biu danh hoc
th t). C mt s ch nh sau:
- 2 c thit lp xc nh c hay khng mt mi lin h gia hai bin, nhng n khng ch
ra c cng ca mi lin h . Trong trng hp ny, cn s dng cc o lng kt
hp.
- 2 cho php tm ra nhng mi lin h phi tuyn tnh gia hai bin.
- Vi kim nh Chi bnh phng, ta thnh lp c cc bng cho. H s V Cramer c p
dng cho tt c cc loi bng cho vi k l chiu b nht ca bng cho. Cng ca n bin
ng t 0 n 1.
2
V=
n(k 1)
Gi s ta chn phn tch tnh c lp gia hai bin nh tnh quy m doanh nghip (quymo) v
loi hnh kinh doanh (loaihinh). Cc bc tin hnh nh sau:
H0: Hai bin quy m doanh nghip v loi hnh doanh kinh c lp vi nhau trn tng th
H1: Hai bin quy m doanh nghip v loi hnh doanh kinh ph thuc vi nhau trn tng th
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21
Gi tr kim nh
Chi bnh phng
Gi tr kim nh
p-value
& Bm Cells thit lp cc t l phn trm theo dng, ct hay tng cng
Chi-Square Tests
Pearson Chi-Square
Likelihood Ratio
Linear-by-Linear Association
N of Valid Cases
Value
38.665a
50.910
36.280
df
.000
.000
.000
104
a. 0 cells (.0%) have expected count less than 5. The minimum expected count is 12.92.
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22
Loai hinh
doanh nghiep
Xay dung
Cong nghiep
Total
Count
Expected Count
% of Total
Count
Expected Count
% of Total
Count
Expected Count
% of Total
Count
Expected Count
% of Total
Total
37
37.0
35.6%
32
32.0
30.8%
35
35.0
33.7%
104
104.0
100.0%
Symmetric Measures
Value
Nominal by
Nominal
Phi
Cramer's V
N of Valid Cases
Approx. Sig.
.610
.610
104
.000
.000
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23
& Kt qu thu c:
Ranks
N
B-A
2a
5b
2c
9
Negative Ranks
Positive Ranks
Ties
Total
Mean Rank
1.50
5.00
Sum of Ranks
3.00
25.00
a. B < A
b. B > A
c. A = B
Test Statistics
B-A
-1.876a
.061
Z
Asymp. Sig. (2-tailed)
a. Based on negative ranks.
b. Wilcoxon Signed Ranks Test
& Nhn vo bng trn ta c th d dng din gii d liu, vi Z = -1,876 v p-value=0,61>0,05
nn ta cha c c s bc b H0 tc cha c c s chp nhn H1 hay cha c c s khng
nh c s khc bit trong mc a chung gia A, B trong tng th.
Ch : Kim n du v Nemar c th thc hin tng t
Kim nh nhiu hn hai mu ph thuc (Friedman, Kendalls W, Cochrans Q)
Trong trng hp ging nh v d trng hp kim nh wilcoxon, nhung by gi ta c 3 sn
phm A, B, C, khi
KH
1
2
3
Kem A
4
5
2
Kem B
3
5
5
Kem C
5
5
5
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24
4
5
6
7
8
9
3
3
1
3
2
2
2
5
5
3
5
5
5
5
5
5
5
5
& Vo Analyze Nonparametric Test K Related Samples chn cc bin vo phn tch
& Kt qu:
Ranks
Mean Rank
A
B
C
1.39
2.00
2.61
Test Statistics
N
Chi-Square
df
Asymp. Sig.
9
9.308
2
.010
a. Friedman Test
25
KH
1
2
3
4
5
6
7
8
9
10
Toshiba
4000
3800
4600
4300
5000
5300
4900
4700
4000
5200
Yamaha
4200
4300
3400
3500
3800
4200
4300
3400
& Vo Analyze Nonparametric Test 2 Independent Samples chn cc bin vo phn tch
& Kt qu nh sau
Ranks
TIEUHAO
NHANHIEU
Toshiba
Yamaha
Total
N
10
8
18
Mean Rank
12.15
6.19
Sum of Ranks
121.50
49.50
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26
13.500
49.500
-2.364
.018
.016a
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27
NHANHIEU
Toshiba
Yamaha
3
Total
Mean Rank
10
8
8
26
Test Statistics
18.55
9.63
11.06
a,b
TIEUHAO
Chi-Square
df
Asymp. Sig.
7.318
2
.026
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28