Cong Nghe in Flexo

CONG NGHE IN FLEXO
MUC LUC
MUC LUC
CHNG 1: DAN NHAP......................................................................... 1
1.1 So sanh phng phap in Flexo vi cac phng phap in khac ...................... 1
1.1.1 Phng phap in Typo ........................................................................ 1
1.1.2 Phng phap in Offset ...................................................................... 2
1.1.3 Phng phap in Ong ong ................................................................ 3
1.1.4 Phng phap in Flexo ...................................................................... 3
1.1.5 Khuynh hng phat trien cua cac phng phap in ........................... 4
1.2 Cac c s cua phng phap in Flexo............................................................ 5
1.2.1 Cau hnh cua n v in vi he thong cap mc dang h ..................... 5
1.2.2 Cau hnh cua n v in vi he thong cap mc dang kn .................... 6
CHNG 2: TAO MAU VA CHE BAN ................................................ 8
2.1 Cac van e can lu y khi tao mau................................................................ 8
2.1.1Tam ly .................................................................................................. 8
2.1.2Tnh tham my ........................................................................................ 8
2.1.3Cac yeu cau c ban ............................................................................... 8
2.1.4Font ch ................................................................................................. 9
2.1.5Overprint ............................................................................................... 9
2.1.6Trapping................................................................................................ 9
2.1.7Khuon be (Die line) ............................................................................ 10
2.1.8Hnh anh Vector .................................................................................. 10
2.1.9Hnh anh Bitmap ................................................................................. 11
2.1.10 Ma vach (Bar codes)......................................................................... 12
2.2 Cac van e can lu y khi che ban .............................................................. 12
2.2.1Yeu cau chung oi vi phim am ban dung che tao khuon in
bang phng phap quang hoa ........................................................... 12
2.2.2 ng cong giam tang th (Cutback curve) ...................................... 13
2.3 In th .......................................................................................................... 15
2.3.1 Cac phng phap in th .................................................................. 15
2.3.2 So sanh tnh kinh te va kha nang cua cac phng phap in th ....... 17

CONG NGHE IN FLEXO

MUC LUC
2.4 Quy trnh che tao khuon in ....................................................................... 19
2.4.1 Che tao khuon in Flexo bang phng phap quang hoa .................. 19
2.4.2 CTP trong phng phap in Flexo . .................................................. 22
2.4.3 Khuon in dang truc (lien tuc) .......................................................... 23
2.5 Bang keo dan ban in .................................................................................. 26
2.6 Dan ban (Mounting)................................................................................... 27
CHNG 3: VAT LIEU IN ................................................................... 29
3.1 Giay in........................................................................................................ 29
3.1.1 Tnh chat vat ly ................................................................................. 29
3.1.2 ac iem khi in tren giay ................................................................. 31
3.2 Carton gn song ......................................................................................... 31
3.2.1 Khai niem ve carton gn song ......................................................... 31
3.2.2 ac iem khi in tren carton gn song............................................... 32
3.3 Cac loai mang n thong dung .................................................................. 32
3.3.1 Tnh chat va cac yeu cau chung oi vi mang.................................. 33
3.3.2 X ly be mat (x ly Corona) ............................................................. 36
3.4 Mc in ...................................................................................................... 38
3.4.1. Cach la chon mc in phu hp vi vat lieu ...................................... 38
3.4.2. Mc in tren c s dung moi hu c ................................................... 39
3.4.3. Mc in tren c s nc...................................................................... 40
3.4.4. Mc in UV......................................................................................... 41
3.4.5. o nht cua mc in ........................................................................... 42
3.4.6. Cach pha mc.................................................................................... 43
CHNG 4: MAY IN VA QUY TRNH IN........................................... 48
4.1 Cac dang may in ........................................................................................ 48
5.1.1 May in dang nam (In-line Press) ...................................................... 48
5.1.2 May in dang chong ng (Stack Press)............................................. 49
5.1.3 Dang hanh tinh (CI: Common Impression Press) ............................ 50
4.2 Truc Anilox: Cac thong so ky thuat va cach la chon truc
Anilox phu hp vi san pham in. ............................................................... 52

CONG NGHE IN FLEXO

MUC LUC
4.2.1 Cau truc vat lieu va cac phng phap che tao truc Anilox............... 52
4.2.2 Cau truc cell...................................................................................... 53
4.2.3 The tch cha mc (Anilox volume) ................................................ 54
4.2.4 Tan so cell......................................................................................... 56
4.2.5 Mot so bang hng dan cach chon Anilox ...................................... 59
4.3 Cach bao quan va ve sinh truc Anilox ...................................................... 63
4.3.1 Phng phap s dung cac loai hoa chat ............................................ 63
4.3.2 Phng phap phun Medium (Media Blast)....................................... 64
4.3.3 Phng phap lam sach bang song sieu am
(Ultrasonic Cleaning) ....................................................................... 66
4.3.4 Phng phap lam sach bang Laser (Laser Cleaning) ...................... 67
4.4 Quy trnh in ................................................................................................ 68
4.4.1 Chuan b trc khi bat au mot n hang mi .................................. 68
4.4.2 In san lng....................................................................................... 69
4.4.3 Kiem tra chat lng in .................................................................... 71
4.4.4 Cac loi in thng gap, nguyen nhan va cach khac phuc................... 72
4.5 Mot so cac thiet b o dung cho Flexo ...................................................... 76
CHNG 5: XU THE PHAT TRIEN..................................................... 77
5.1 Cac dang san pham ................................................................................... 77
5.2 Che ban.......................................................................................................79
5.2.1 Cong nghe tao tram tien tien .......................................................... 79
5.2.2 Cong nghe CTP............................................................................... 79
5.3 May in ....................................................................................................... 80
5.3.1 May in kho nho ............................................................................... 80
5.3.2 May in kho trung bnh .................................................................... 81
5.3.3 May in kho ln................................................................................ 82
5.3.4 Cong nghe Geerless........................................................................ 82
5.4 Cac phan mem mo phong ........................................................................ 83

CONG NGHE IN FLEXO
Chaang 1: Dan nhap - 1 -

CHUONG 1:
Cong nghe in Flexo la mot cong nghe in ra doi muon nhat so voi cac cong nghe in
co su dung khuon in nhu. Typo, Offset, Ong ong, In Luoi. nhung in Flexo da
chung to nhung uu diem vuot troi cua no khi in nhung san pham da dang voi chat
luong tu thap den cao, in tren nhieu vat lieu in khac nhau (mang, giay, la nhom.),
in voi toc do cao, gia thanh thap.
1.1 So sanh phuong phap in Flexo voi cac phuong phap in khac
Ngay nay, tren the gioi nhu cau in an ngay cang tang cao. Cac loai an pham
nhu sach, bao, tap ch, bao b giay, bao b nhua. ngay cang doi hoi cao ve chat
luong in va toc do in.
Co nhieu cach phan loai phuong phap in, nhung thong thuong nguoi ta van
phan loai theo cac phuong phap in truyen thong (Typo, flexo, Offset, ong
dong)va cac phuong phap in dac biet (in luoi, in tampon.).
Thong thuong de phan biet cac phuong phap in chnh nguoi ta dua tren vi tr
tuong doi cua cac phan tu in voi phan tu khong in. Ta co:
Phuong phap in cao (Typo va flexo): Phan tu in nam cao hon so voi phan tu
khong in.
Phuong phap in phang (Offset): phan tu in va phan tu khong in gan nhu nam
cung tren mot mat phang.
Phuong phap in lom (Ong dong): Phan tu in nam thap hon so voi phan tu
khong in.
1.1.1 Phuong phap in Typo
La phuong phap in ra doi som nhat do ong Johann Gutenberg (nguoi uc)
phat minh ra. Va cho den nhung nam 1990 no van la phuong phap in duy
nhat duoc su dung de in an.
Khuon in Typo co dac trung co ban sau (Hnh 1-1):
Phan tu in nam cao hon so voi phan tu khong in.
Phan tu in nam cung tren mot mat phang.
Hnh 1-1: Ngayen /y
/n Typa
CONG NGHE IN FLEXO

1.1.2 Phuong phap in Offset
Phuong phap in Offet la phuong phap in co nhieu uu diem so voi cac
phuong phap in khac va ngay cang duoc ung dung rong rai (qui trnh che tao
khuon in don gian va t o nhiem moi truong, khuon in co the chon lua do
ben khuon phu hop voi don hang, kha nang tai tao hnh anh tot, co the in
tren nhieu loai giay khac nhau.).
Khuon in Offset khac khuon in cao va thap dua vao hai dac trung co ban sau
(Hnh 1-2):
Phan tu in va khong in nam gan nhu tren cung mot mat phang
Phan tu in va khong in khac nhau ve ban chat hoa ly. Phan tu in co
tnh ky nuoc (ua dau - hay ua muc); Phan tu khong in co tnh ua
nuoc (ky dau- hay ky muc)
Qua trnh in Offset lan luot dien ra qua trnh tham uot be mat khuon in boi
dung dich lam am (nuoc) va muc in. Khi do, nuoc duoc dnh (tham uot) tren
be mat phan tu khong in tao thanh mot lop nuoc mong tren do. Muc in th
ch dnh tren be mat phan tu in ma thoi (do tnh ua muc cua phan tu in).
Nhu vay, co the noi rang ban chat cua phuong phap in Offset la dua tren
t/nh tham aat ca chan /ac cua phan tu in va khong in.

Hnh 1-2:
Ngayen /y /n
Offset
CONG NGHE IN FLEXO

1.1.3 Phuong phap in ong dong
Phuong phap in ong dong co nhung ung dung rong rai trong nhung lnh vuc
in tren mang, in tap ch cao cap, in cac san pham lien tuc.
O khaan /n ang dang:
Tat ca cac phan tu khong in nam cung tren mot mat phang va nam cao
hon so voi phan tu in (Hnh 1-3).
Phan tu in co cac dang khac nhau: dien tch bang nhau nhung do sau khac
nhau; dien tch khac nhau nhung do sau bang nhau; dien tch va do sau khac
nhau

Hnh 1-3:
Ngayen /y /n
Offset

1.1.4 Phuong phap in Flexo
Tren the gioi, Cong nghe in Flexo duoc ra doi tu nhung nam 40-50 cua the
ky 20. Cho den nhung nam 1995-2000, cong nghe in Flexo da co nhung
buoc tien vuot bac va tro thanh mot phuong phap in mang lai hieu qua kinh
te cao.
Nhang aa d/em ch/nh caa phaang phap /n F/exa :
Co the in truc tiep len tren rat nhieu vat lieu tham hut va khong
tham hut. Vat lieu co the la mang mong voi chieu day 30 microns
den giay ba va carton co chieu day tu 2000-3000 microns.
Chieu dai in rat da dang. ay la chuan chung cho hau het cac may
in Flexo va cho phep chon chieu dai in phu hop cho tung don hang
in.
Toc do in cao (co the dat toi 300-600m/phut).
Lop muc in co the truyen dong deu nho vao chat luong cao cua truc
Anilox.
Khuon in gia thanh re neu so voi truc in Ong dong.
CONG NGHE IN FLEXO

Cau hnh bo phan cap muc in don gian. Do vay, giam thieu duoc
hao ph vat lieu in khi in san luong. De dang khi hieu chnh may luc
bat dau in.
Co the noi phuong phap in Flexo da phat huy duoc nhung uu diem cua cac
phuong phap in chnh tren de tro thanh mot trong nhung phuong phap in
thong dung ngay nay, dac biet la trong lnh vuc bao b. Cu the la kha nang
in tren nhieu loai vat lieu (dac diem dan hoi cua khuon in: giong su dan hoi
cua lo cao su trong in Offset); Khong can quan tam den can bang muc nuoc
(v la khuon in cao giong in Typo); Toc do in nhanh, cau hnh may in don
gian (tuong tu nhu in Ong dong).
Ngayen /y /n F/exa (hnh 1-4):

Hnh 1-4:
Ngayen /y /n
F/exa

1.1.5 Khuynh huong phat trien cua cac phuong phap in
Du bao ve thi phan cua cac phuong phap in (theo Heidelberg) (Hnh 1-5)

Hnh 1-5: Da baa re thj phan caa cac phaang phap /n
CONG NGHE IN FLEXO

Co the tham khao bang 1-1 ve thi phan cua phuong phap in Flexo tai My
trong lnh vuc in bao b:
Bang 1-1: Thj phan caa phaang phap /n F/exa ta/ My trang /nh rac /n
baa b

Dang san pham
% in bang
phuong phap
in Flexo
So luong cong ty,
nha may, co so in
Thung Carton gon song
Bao thu
Bao b mem
Hop carton thuong
Giay goi qua, dan tuong
Hop sua, nuoc uong
Cac loai hop nhieu vach ngan
Bao b giay
Tui nhua
Giay ve sinh, san pham dung 1 lan (ly, tach.)
Nhan tu dnh
75
30
76
40
46
90
93
90
95
85
55
1000
150
844
175
140
25
52
75
126
100
1506

1.2 Cac co so cua phuong phap in Flexo.
1.2.1 Cau hnh cua don vi in voi he thong cap muc dang ho
ay la dang don gian nhat cua mot don vi in Flexo. No gom 4 bo phan
chnh:
Truc mang muc.
Truc dieu chnh muc (thuong goi la truc Anilox)
Truc khuon in
Truc ep in
Trac mang mac: Thuong duoc boc ngoai boi cao su tu nhien hoac nhan tao.
Trac An//ax: Thuong la truc kim loai ma Crom hoac gom. No tuong tu nhu
mot khuon in Ong dong dac biet (cac lo cell nam sau va chua muc, cac vach
ngan tuong tu nhu phan tu khong in cua khuon in Ong dong). ay la bo
phan rat quan trong cua don vi in Flexo. No giu vai tro cung cap muc in va
dieu chnh muc cap len khuon in. Khac voi cac bo phan khac cua don vi in
CONG NGHE IN FLEXO

la khong thay doi khi in don hang moi, truc Anilox lai phai lua chon cho phu
hop voi vat lieu in, tnh chat cua bai mau. khi in don hang moi. (xem 4-2)
Trac khaan /n: Thuong la truc thep. Ban in (photopolymer hoac cao su)
duoc dan len truc nho lop bang keo hai mat. iem luu y la tong duong knh
cua truc khuon in (bao gom ca ban va bang keo) phai bang chieu dai banh
rang (pitch diameter). Do vay ban in thuong phai lam ngan di de bu tru voi
do gian cua ban in khi duoc gan tren truc khuon in.
Trac ep /n: Thuong co be mat nhan bong de dam bao cho vat lieu in co the
tiep xuc tot voi ban in.

a) b)
Hnh 1-6: He thang cap mac dang ha
a: Dang ha ha/ trac ra/ /a mang mac
b: Dang ha ca dang daa gat mac (Reverse -angle doctor blade with two roll system)

1.2.2 Cau hnh cua don vi in voi he thong cap muc dang kn
ay la dang don vi in tien tien hien nay (Hnh 1-7). Voi cau hnh hnh nay
se dam bao cho thanh phan cua muc in duoc on dinh hon (v muc in t bi bay
hoi hon). Cac bo phan chnh:
He thong cap muc in voi dao gat muc (Doctor blade system). Truc
Anilox cung la mot bo phan cua he thong nay. Dao gat muc thuong
duoc lam bang thep khong r hoac tu polymer tong hop. Cung tuong
tu nhu dao gat muc trong phuong phap in Ong dong th goc dat dao,
vat lieu lam dao, dien tch tiep xuc giua dao va truc Anilox se co
anh huong rat lon den chat luong in.
Truc khuon in
Truc ep in
CONG NGHE IN FLEXO

a) b)
Hnh 1-7: He thang cap mac dang k/n ra/ daa gat mac
Chambered doctor blade system

CONG NGHE IN FLEXO
Chaang 2: Taa maa ra Che ban - 8 -

CHUONG 2: TAO MAU VA CHE BAN
Cong nghe in Flexo tuy la cong nghe kha don gian va co nhieu uu diem,
nhung de co the su dung cong nghe nay de in nhung san pham co chat luong cao
th khong phai la dieu don gian. Cong doan tao mau va che ban giu vai tro het suc
quan trong trong viec bu tru nhung sai hong co the xay ra trong cong doan in va
on dinh chat luong in.
2.1 Cac van de can luu y khi tao mau
Cac van de co ban qua trnh tao mau can dat duoc la phai ket hop hai hoa 3
yeu to: tam ly, tnh tham my va cac yeu cau co ban
2.1.1 Tam ly
Cac san pham in phai duoc thiet ke sao cho phan anh duoc nhung tnh cach
rieng biet cua san pham (phu hop voi doi tuong tieu dung) va tam ly cua
nha san xuat.
Tam /y caa ngaa/ t/ea dang: Nhu cau va so thch; Thoi quen mua sam;
ong co; Tnh trang kinh te; Cach thuc mua hang; ieu kien su dung va bao
quan; Thong tin khuyen mai; Thong tin cho nhung lan mua hang tiep theo.
Tam ly cua nha san xuat: The hien thong tin ve thuong hieu, nhan mac, uy
tn cua san pham.
2.1.2 Tnh tham my
Neu san pham vua dat duoc tnh tham my cao va co chat luong in tot th
chac chan san pham do se de co cho dung tren thi truong. Cho du thiet ke
phuc tap hay don gian th no phai ket hop hai hoa giua duong ne, mau sac
va hnh dang san pham. Tat ca cac chi tiet co tren mau phai mang mot y
ngha nao do.
2.1.3 Cac yeu cau co ban
Cac yeu cau co ban cua mau thiet ke phai dua tren viec dat duoc nhung muc
tieu cu the. ieu quan trong la phai tnh den kha nang thiet ke va kha nang,
ky thuat in an (vat lieu in, kha nang tai tao mau sac, chi tiet, kha nang
chong mau, do phuc tap cua quy trnh cong nghe.).
Rieng doi voi in Flexo th de mau thiet ke dat, th phai biet duoc:
Dang may in dang co; So luong don vi in toi da co the; Kha nang in
mot hoac ca hai mat cung luc (kha nang in an rat khac nhau giua
cac may in chong dung -Stack; ngang-Inline, va loai dung chung
ong ep in CI).
Thu tu in chong mau

CONG NGHE IN FLEXO

Ky thuat trapping
Cach bo tr chi tiet thiet ke (deu dan theo duong cheo cua truc ong
thay v tap trung ve mot pha) de co the giam thieu su rung, chenh
lenh ve ap luc in tren toan bo dien tch in.
2.1.4 Font chu
Ca cha (Size) : 6 pts doi voi chu bnh thuong (positive) va 8 pts doi voi chu
moc trang tren nen (reverse or knockout copy) khi in tren may in kho rong
va tuong ung 4 va 6 pts khi in tren may in kho hep.
Maa: Khong nen chong qua hai mau.
Da /an chang maa: Tuy thuoc vao may in
Khi in tren may in kho rong oi voi CI press: 1/32 inch (0.79 mm);
Stack press: 1/16 inch
Khi in tren may in kho hep: thuong nho hon 1/64 inch
2.1.5 Overprint
Viec mau nam tren in de len cac mau nam pha duoi nham tranh hien tuong
bi ho trang trong in chong mau. Tat nhien hieu ung ve mau sac se thay doi.
Do vay can phai biet chnh xac mau muc in nham kiem soat duoc hieu ung
ve mau khi in.
e co the hien thi hieu ung ve cac mau khi in de len nhau ta co the su dung
mot so cac Filter co trong cac phan mem ung dung (V du trong phan mem
Adobe Illutrator co Filter trap hard, trap soft, hoac preview
Overprint..).
2.1.6 Trapping
Trapping la cong viec duoc chu trong khong ch doi voi phuong phap in
Flexo ma con doi voi nhung phuong phap in khac (do su sai lech cua cac
don vi in khi in chong mau, su gian cua vat lieu khi in, su sai lech khi lam
phim.).
Trapping la viec lam cho cac doi tuong duoc chong lan len nhau khi cac
mau in khong co thanh phan chung.
Khi trapping th nhung yeu to can phai nam:
o chnh xac cua may in
So mau in va thu tu mau in
o dam nhat cua muc in; Tnh trong suot tnh phu cua muc in .
o bien dang cua vat lieu
Loai may in, toc do in

CONG NGHE IN FLEXO

2.1.7 Khuon be (Die line)
Thong thuong cac san pham bao b phai duoc bo tr theo vi tr sap xep cua
khuon be.
Khuon be duoc bo tr tuy theo may in (kha nang bo tr khuon dang phang
hay dang truc, do rong cua vat lieu in, chu ky in.). Cac chi tiet cua khuon
be phai duoc tuan thu chnh xac theo kch thuoc.
Thong thuong nhung phan mem bnh trang tu dong se co tuy chon cho viec
bo tr cac san pham phu hop voisu bo tr cua cac khuon be. (de phu hop cho
viec bnh tu dong th thong thuong cac khuon be phai duoc tao ra tu cac
chuong trnh CAD (computer-aid-Design) va duoc luu thanh nhung dinh
dang phu hop (v du .CAD cho phan mem bnh trang tu dong Signastation).
oi voi nhan hang th de de tach bo phan giay thua xung quanh nhan th
khuon be khong nen thuc hien nhung goc vuong ma nen hoi bo tron.
2.1.8 Hnh anh Vector
Cac phan mem do hoa (nhu Adobe Illutrator, Corel Draw, FreeHand) tao ra
cac hnh anh dang Vecto (hnh 2-1) bao gom cac duong thang hoac duong
cong duoc xac dinh boi cac doi tuong toan hoc goi la vecto. Vecto mo ta cac
doi tuong bang cac thuoc tnh toan hoc. V du: mot banh xe dap la mot doi
tuong vecto duoc xac dinh boi cac dinh ngha toan hoc nhu la mot duong
tron voi ban knh xac dinh, duoc dat tai mot vi tr xac dinh va duoc to voi
mot mau xac dinh. Ban co the di chuyen, thay doi kch thuoc, mau sac cua
banh xe nay ma khong lam mat di chat luong cua doi tuong
Cac hnh anh dang Vecto co do phan giai doc lap. Tuc la, cac hnh dang
nay co the thu phong den bat ky kch thuoc nao va co the in ra tren bat ky
thiet bi xuat loai nao ma van bao ton moi chi tiet va do sac net cua chung.
Ket qua la hnh anh dang Vecto la cach lua chon tot nhat de nhap chu (nhat
la chu nho) va tao ra cac doi tuong lon ma van giu duoc do sac net cua
duong bien khi phong voi bat ky t le nao (cac logo).
Do vay, de co the tai tao tot cac chi tiet nho (ke ca chu) th can luu y sao
cho chung o dang vector.
Can luu y rang trong qua trnh xuat phim tu cac may ghi phim th thuong
nhung chi tiet (o nhung cho co chong lan len nhau) tuy co kch thuoc lon
nhung voi do day duong vien lon thuong tao ra su khong chnh xac chong
mau bang nhung chi tiet nho hon nhung co do day duong vien nho hon.

CONG NGHE IN FLEXO

Hnh 2-1: Hnh anh Vectar (da phan g/a/ dac /ap)

2.1.9 Hnh anh Bitmap
Nhung phan mem xu ly anh (Paint softwares: Photoshop) tao ra nhung hnh
anh Bitmap (Hnh 2-2) con goi la raster images. Nhung hnh anh nay su
dung nhung luoi diem nhung hnh vuong nho con goi la pixel de the hien hnh
anh. Moi pixel cua hnh anh Bitmap co vi tr va mau sac nhat dinh dac trung cho
no.
Khi lam viec voi hnh anh Bitmap ban chnh sua tung pixel chu khong phai
la ca doi tuong hay hnh dang cua doi tuong.
Hnh anh Bitmap la dang co do phan giai le thuoc. Tuc la no chua dung so
luong pixel co dinh. Ket qua la chung thuong bi rang cua va bi mat chi tiet
khi thu phong hoac neu no duoc in ra tai nhung may in co do phan giai cao
hon do phan giai no duoc tao ra ban dau.

Hnh 2-2: Hnh anh B/tmap (da phan g/a/ pha thaac)

CONG NGHE IN FLEXO

2.1.10 Ma vach (Bar codes)
Mot trong nhung yeu cau bat buoc cua hau het cac an pham bao b va nhan
hang la phai co chua ma vach (giup thuan tien cho viec tnh tien trong he
thong sieu thi, giup truy tm nguon goc san pham.)
Khi bo tr ma vach tren mau phai luu y nhung yeu cau sau de cac may doc
ma vach co the doc duoc:
Ma vach phai duoc in bang 1 mau va thuong la mau dam nhat
(tranh mau do).
Kch thuoc ma vach khong qua nho (an toan nen thu phong o 80-
200% so voi ma vach goc duoc tao ra tu nhung phan mem tao ma
vach).
Ma vach phai dat duoc do tuong phan cao giua cac soc va khe
(xung quanh ma vach nen la mau trang)
ieu dac biet quan trong la phai dam bao khoang cach giua cac soc
va khe. Do vay, tranh ba tr/ ma rach raang gac ra/ ch/ea /n caa
g/ay caan. (V khuon in Flexo la dan hoi nen se bi bien dang theo
chieu chu vi ong ban).
2.2 Cac van de can luu y khi che ban
2.2.1 Yeu cau chung doi voi phim am ban dung che tao khuon in bang
phuong phap quang hoa
Phim matte (be mat mo, do day 7mil): dung cho ban photopolymer ran.
am bao tiep xuc tot giua phim va ban. Phim thuong (lang, do day 4mil):
dung cho ban photopolymer long. o day phim thuong la 7mil doi voi ban
co kch thuoc lon.
D
: 4.0 ; D
: 0.06
u chi tiet, hnh anh ro net
Trong truong hop phai retouch phim de dam bao do den cho phim:
dung opaque mau den chu khong su dung loai mau do.
Tranh lam tray xuoc phim
Mat thuoc chon phu hop (tuy theo in mat trong hay mat ngoai).
e tranh hien tuong Moire trong qua trnh in, goc xoay tram cho
phim phai chon 7.5
so voi he goc chuan doi voi cac phuong phap

in khac (45
, 75
, 15
va 90
).
Phim can lam bu tru cho phan ban bi bien dang trong qua trnh len khuon va
in. Hnh anh tren phim can phai tha ngan thea ch/ea cha r/ ang mang ban.

CONG NGHE IN FLEXO

% Do giam bot hnh anh = (K/R)x100
voi K: he so (bang 2-1)
R: chu vi truc khuon in
Co marks cho chong mau va cho qua trnh mounting (dan khuon in len truc).
Bang 2-1: K-factar (thang sa ba tra cha sa b/en dang caa ban)

K-factor, cm
o day ban, cm
Lap de dan 0.004 /nch
Lap de dan 0.007
/nch
0.076 0.415 0.367
0.114 0.654 0.606
0.070 1.005 0.958
0.203 1.213 1.165
0.229 1.372 1.325
0.254 1.532 1.484
0.272 1.644 1.596
0.284 1.724 1.676
0.318 1.931 1.883
0.394 2.410 2.362
0.475 2.921 2.873
0.635 3.926 3.878

Tuy theo dang vat lieu in, tuy thuoc vao chat luong hnh anh muon tai tao,
can luu y chon truc Anilox cho phu hop (tan so Anilox = 4-6 lan tan so
phim). ieu nay rat quan trong v de tranh nhung loi in co the xay ra nhu:
loi do to in va loi mat tram trong qua trnh in. (Xem 4.2.4 ).
2.2.2 Duong cong giam tang thu (Cutback curve)
Do ban in Flexo co tnh dan hoi nen trong qua trnh in hien tuong tang tang
thu thuong kha lon. Hon nua, do khuon in Flexo van la dang in cao nen
nhung hat tram o tong sang thuong kho in (do chan phan tu in rat nho nen
thuong yeu) va hay gay ra hien tuong mat tram. V vay, can khac phuc bang
cach lam giam tang thu o vung trung bnh, toi va tang vung sang len mot t.
Viec thuc hien duong cutback curve co the chnh tai phan mem ung dung (v
du: Photoshop) nhung cach nay thuong khong dat hieu qua cao va kha mat

CONG NGHE IN FLEXO

thoi gian (neu file duoc tao ra tu nhieu phan mem ung dung th ta phai chnh
nhieu lan. Do vay, cach tot nhat la nen chnh tai RIP truoc khi xuat phim
hoac ghi ban. ieu can luu y la viec do dac dotgain can tien hanh t m de
co the xay dung duong duong giam tang thu cho phu hop voi tung loai may
in va tung loai vat lieu in.
Mat sa thang sa can /aa y kh/ thac h/en g/am tang tha:
ac diem cua khuon in (dang ban, do day, do cung).
Tnh chat cua bang keo dan hai mat.
Thong so may in (van toc, luc ep in, nhiet do say.)
Thong so cua truc Anilox.
Tnh chat hoa ly cua muc in.
ac diem cua vat lieu in (tnh chat be mat, kha nang bam muc in,
do ben.)
Bang 2-2: V/ da re xay dang daang Catback carre

Hat tram tren file
goc, %
0 3 5 7 10 20 30 40 50 60 70 80 90 100
Hat tram tren file
sau khi da chnh
cutback, %
3 3 3 3 5 13 22 18 38 47 57 69 82 93

Hnh 2-3: Cac daang ca tang
tha tren ban /n tha ra /n that
(chua chnh sua) ra daang
g/am tang tha de ba tra
Datga/n kh/ /n that.

CONG NGHE IN FLEXO

2.3 In thu
Mac d/ch qaa trnh /n tha:
The hien san pham in cang giong that cang tot.
Giup khach hang xem xet, chnh sua truoc khi xuat phim, lam
khuon va in that.
Mot dac diem can luu y la trong phuong phap in Flexo khi su dung khuon in
che tao bang phuong phap quang hoa th phim can dung la phim am ban.
Hon nua, do hien tuong Dotgain trong in Flexo la kha lon nen khi xuat phim
bat buoc phai lam giam tang thu . ieu nay gay can tro cho cac phuong
phap in thu co su dung phim tach mau (tuc la phim dung de in thu la phim
duong ban con phim su dung de lam khuon in la am ban; Tnh chat tang thu
cung khac nhau). V vay khong nen lam giam tang thu trong qua trnh in thu
(v khach hang khong the duyet mau duoc).
2.3.1 Cac phuong phap in thu
Co nhieu phuong phap in thu khac nhau. Tuy theo muc dch can dat cua
ban in thu ma chon phuong phap in thu cho phu hop.
Nhung he thong in thu thuong gap:
In thu dang Analog (Hnh 2-4): phai dung den phim tach mau.
In thu su dung may in that (Press proof).
In thu ky thuat so.

Hnh 2-4: Phaang phap /n tha Ana/ag sa dang cac ta /n r/eng b/et taa ra bang
cach pha/ ph/m tach maa, h/en trang dang djch h/en ra caa/ cang /a dat chang
/en nhaa
Pha/ 4 maa sa dang ban ph/m H/en cac ta (aat) Cac ta dat chong /en

CONG NGHE IN FLEXO

Hnh 2-5: Phaang phap /n tha Ana/ag sa dang cach /n mac (taner)
a. Cau truc cua 1 to in truoc khi in muc in (lop ket dnh se mat di tnh ket dnh
khi chieu sang (lop bao ve se duoc loai bo truoc khi dan len mang/giay;
trong qua trnh chieu sang, phim tach mau se duoc dat len pha de. Khi ghi
anh su dung Toner th lop de se bi bo truoc khi ghi.
b. Muc in (tu toner) se duoc dnh vao trong nhung cho khong chieu sang.
c. May in mau dang Analog (Comaline, Dupont).

Hnh 2-6: Phaang phap
/n tha Ana/ag: Sau khi
chieu sang mau se duoc
truyen tu foil len tren lop
de dac biet.

CONG NGHE IN FLEXO

Hnh 2-7: May /n tha
dang phang Offset
Karrex 2000
a. May in thu
b. Khuon in duoc gan
len may in
c. To in nhan duoc
sau khi in

2.3.2 So sanh tnh kinh te va kha nang cua cac phuong phap in thu
Cac thong so so sanh

Phuong phap in thu Muc dch
Da
ch/nh xac
chang
maa
G/a
thanh
Dang
g/ay
Da
phan
g/a/
Ban in Laser den trang:
Ban in thu tu cac may in
Laser Postcript phai co
cung ket qua nhu tu cac
may ghi phi Imagesetter
nhung do phan giai thap
hon. Ban tach mau den
trang co the coi tuong tu
nhu la cac ban tach mau
cho cac san pham in nhieu
mau
Nham kiem tra truoc
khi xuat phim:
- Noi dung chnh xac
- Font chnh xac
- Hien thi tat ca cac
chi tiet.
- Cac dau dinh vi
chong mau, dau cat
deu hien thi.

Thap Re Thong
thuong
Thap
(tu 300-
600 dpi)

CONG NGHE IN FLEXO

Da
ch/nh xac
chang
maa
G/a
thanh
Dang
g/ay
Da
phan
g/a/

Ban in Digital chat luong
cao:
Ban in thu duoc in truc tiep
tu File. Thong thuong la
dang CMYK khong tach
mau (Composite) duoc in
tren giay chu khong in tren
mang.

Nham kiem tra su
chnh xac cua hnh
anh:
- Mau sac chnh xac.
- Noi dung chnh xac
- Font chnh xac
chi tiet.
- Cac dau dinh vi
chong mau, dau cat
deu hien thi.

Trung
bnh

Trung
bnh

Giay

Trung
bnh
(tu 600-
1200
dpi)
Ban in Digital thong
thuong (Desktop Digital
Proof):
Ban in thu duoc in truc tiep
tu File. Su dung cac may in
phun hoac cong nghe keo
nhiet. Co the dat duoc cac
ban in den trang sho den
cac ban mau. Khi su dung
cac chuong trnh quan ly
mau th mau sac co the dat
gan giong voi in that.
Nhung v tnh chat cua muc
in thu khac voi muc in that
nen co the gay ra su khac
biet giua ban in thu va phim
co duoc tu thiet bi xuat
phim.
Nham kiem tra do
chnh xac cua file:
- Tach mau chnh
xac
- Noi dung chnh xac
- Font chnh xac
chi tiet.
- Cac dau dinh vi
chong mau, dau cat
deu hien thi.
Trung
bnh
Re Thong
thuong
Trung
bnh
(tu 600-
1200
dpi)
In thu su dung phim dan len
cac foil mau dac biet:
uoc tao ra bang cach phoi
(chieu sang) phim tach mau
C,M,Y,K len cac foil mau
da dan tren de giay chuyen
dung.
Nham kiem tra do
chnh xac cua hnh
anh :
- ung mau
- o can bang mau
- Chnh xac chong
mau
- Khong Moire.
- Trapping vao
Overprint chinh
xauc.
Tot Trung
bnh
Thay doi
(nhieu
film,
nhieu foil
mau)
Cao

CONG NGHE IN FLEXO

Da
ch/nh xac
chang
maa
G/a
thanh
Dang
g/ay
Da
phan
g/a/
In thu tren may in
In bang may in that nen
muc in va vat lieu in giong
nhu truong hop in san
luong
Nham kiem tra tat ca
cac chi tiet :
- Noi dung chnh xac
- Font chnh xac
chi tiet.
- Cac dau dinh vi
chong mau, dau cat
deu hien thi.
Cao at Thay doi Cao

2.4 Quy trnh che tao khuon in
2.4.1 Che tao khuon in Flexo bang phuong phap quang hoa
2.4.1.1 Vat //ea /am khaan /n phatapa/ymer ran

Hnh 2-8. Cac dang caa trac khac nhaa caa khaan /n F/exa
a) Khuon in 1 lop (BASF)
b) Khuon in nhieu lop (BASF)

Loai ban 1 lop duoc lam voi da day 0.76mm (dung de in cac san pham nhu
tui bao b mem, mang, bao b hop) den 6.35 mm (cac san pham thung
carton, tui kch thuoc lon)

CONG NGHE IN FLEXO

o day ban nho hon 3.2mm duoc dung cho cac san pham co do phan giai
den 150Lpi (tang thu co kha nang tai tao: 2-95%);
Loai day hon thuong dung cho cac san pham co do phan giai den 60Lpi ma
thoi (tang thu co kha nang tai tao: 3-90%).
Viec su dung cac vat lieu khac nhau co lien quan den chat luong hnh anh
duoc tai tao bang phuong phap in Flexo. Voi ban nhieu lop se cho chat
luong in cao hon (do hien tuong Dotgain t hon trong qua trnh in v lop de
se bi bien dang t hon) (Hnh 2-9).

Hnh 2-9. Khaan /n bj b/en dang khac nhaa kh/ sa dang dang rat //ea
/am khaan /n khac nhaa
a) Khuon in 1 lop.
b) Khuon in nhieu lop.

CONG NGHE IN FLEXO

2.4.1.2 Qay trnh che taa khaan /n F/exa ta phatapa/ymer ran
Hnh 2-10. Qay trnh che taa khaan /n F/exa ta phatapa/ymer ran

2.4.1.3 Qay trnh che taa khaan /n ta Phatapa/ymer /ang
Lop bao ve PET
(25m)
Lop tach (5m)
Lop PQ (print Quality:
50m)
Lop Photopolymer
(600-6000m)
Phim am ban
Lop bao ve PET
Lop tach
Lop PQ
Photopolymer khong bi
co cung
Lop Photopolymer co
cung (de khuon)
a) Ch/ea sang ta mat
/ang:
UV-A: baac sang
380nm
b) Ch/ea sang ta mat
ch/nh
UV-A: baac sang
380nm
c) ban saa kh/ h/en daac say
kha ra daac ch/ea sang ba
sang
UV-C: baac sang 100-280nm
Hnh 2-11: Qay trnh che taa khaan
/n F/exa ta Phatapa/ymer /ang
1: Tam knh pha tren
2: Phim am ban
3: Photopolymer long
4: Khung chua photopolymer
5: Tam knh pha duoi
6: Khe dan photopolymer long
Chieu sang
b) Khuon in hoan tat

CONG NGHE IN FLEXO
2.4.2 CTP trong phuong phap in Flexo .

Co 3 he thong ghi ban CtP cho Flexo:
Ghi ban bang Laser voi Mask (chat luong cao)
Khac Laser/ hoac chieu laser tach hut tung phan (/aser
engrar/ng/ab/at/an): chat luong khoang 600dpi, thuong su dung cho
ban cao su.
Ghi truc tiep voi nguon sang UV nang luong cao (chat luong phu
hop cho in bao).
Nam 1995 dang may CtP cho Flexo dau tien cho Flexo duoc trung bay tai
DRUPA95. Nguon sang su dung: Nd: YAG (1064nm) va dang trong ngoai:
Gh/ ban bang Laser ra/ Mask (hnh 2-12). Ban Cyrel co kch thuoc len den
1067 x1524 mm. o phan giai dat toi da 4000dpi.

Hnh 2-12: Ngayen /y gh/ ban bang Laser ra/ Mask

CONG NGHE IN FLEXO

Hnh 2-13: Hnh dang cac d/em tram daac /am ta nhang rat //ea
phatapa/ymer khac nhaa
2.4.3 Khuon in dang truc (lien tuc)

Cac khuon in thong thuong duoc che tao tu dang phang, sau do duoc dan len
truc mang khuon in nho bang keo dnh 2 mat. Nhung ngay nay, de giam thoi
gian dan ban va thoi gian chuan bi truc cho nhung don hang in co chieu dai
in gan giong nhau, nguoi ta su dung mot loai ong polymer dac biet goi la
Sleeve.
Cac ong Sleeve co chung duong knh trong nhung khac duong knh ngoai
(tuc la chieu day ong polymer khac nhau). (Hnh Hnh 2-14)
iem can luu y la Sleeve ch dem lai hieu qua cao neu nhu nguoi su dung
khong can phai go truc khuon in ra khoi don vi in ma van thay duoc sleeve
khac vao.
Sleeve co the dung cho viec dan ban va ke ca cho truc Anilox nua.

CONG NGHE IN FLEXO

Hnh 2-14: Cang nghe
sa dang S/eere

Cac dang khuon in lien tuc (hnh 2-15)
Khuon in gan tren Sleeve (P/ate-an-S/eere - PoS)
Khuon in ky thuat so khong moi
noi (D/g/ta/ Seam/ess)
Khuon in lien tuc photo polymer tren Sleeve (Continuous
Phatapa/ymer Pr/nt/ng S/eere -CPPS).

Hinh 2-15: mat sa dang
khaan /n //en tac
a) Khaan /n ky thaat sa, dan /en
s/eere
P/ate-an-S/eere (PaS)
b) Khaan /n gh/ bang ky thaat
sa //en tac, khang ma/ na/.
D/g/ta/ Seamex
Cant/naaas Phatapa/ymer
Pr/nt/ng S/eere -CPPS

Cung mot duong knh trong cua sleeve
(hay /a daang k/nh caa trac gan s/eere)
Do day khac nhau cua sleeve ( ch/ea da/ /n se
khac nhaa da cha r/ caa s/eere khac nhaa)

CONG NGHE IN FLEXO

2.4.3.1 Qay trnh che taa khaan /n dang PaS (Hnh 2-16)
Hnh 2-16: Qay trnh che taa khaan /n P/ate an S/eere

2.4.3.2 Qay trnh che taa khaan /n Seam/ess
Truoc khi che tao khuon in khong moi noi, can phai biet nhung thong so
sau:
uong knh cua truc loi.
Khoang thay doi ap luc in.
Chieu dai cua sleeve.
Chieu dai in.
Tnh chat cua bai mau: net hay tram.
Dang S/eere thang thaang ra da //ea sa
Dan ban (mounting)
Chieu sang Laser
tai CDI (Cyrel
Dgital Imager)
Chieu sang
chnh bang UV
Thiet bi rua
(xoay tron)
Say va xu ly lan
cuoi
Khaan /n haan ch/nh
daac taa tren S/eere
Hinh 2-17: Khaan /n
dang s/eere khang
ma/ na/ (Seam/ess)
BASF

CONG NGHE IN FLEXO

Qay trnh che taa khaan /n khang ma/ na/:
1. Dan bang keo dnh 2 mat len sleeve.
2. Cat photopolymer dung kch thuoc.
3. Chieu sang mat lung.
4. Nau chay photopolymer va do vao cho co moi noi sau khi da
dan ban photopolymer len sleeve.
5. Mai phang photopolymer cho den khi dat duoc duong knh can
thiet.
6. Chieu sang mat chnh.
7. Hien rua.
8. Say.
9. Kiem tra.
10. In thu.

2.5 Bang keo dan ban in
Viec lua chon bang keo dan ban phu thuoc rat nhieu vao tnh chat cua bai
mau, chieu day cua ban, vat lieu in.. Viec chon dung chung loai bang keo
se dam bao cho hnh anh duoc in tot, dam bao duoc luc ep in dong deu len
ban in.
Hang 3M (Deutschland GmbH) dua ra mot so loai bang keo va pham vi ung
dung cua chung:
Ser/es 11 (mau kem): Loai nay duoc tao boi lop keo tren be mat LDPE sui
bot va de in nhung bai mau co tram nho. Loai nay co do bam dnh tot va
han che toi da duoc hien tuong dotgain.
Ser/es 19 (mau hong): Loai nay duoc tao boi lop keo tren be mat LDPE sui
bot va de in nhung bai mau nua tong va co the in bai mau co dien tch nen
t.
Ser/es 10 (mau trang): Loai nay duoc tao boi lop keo tren be mat MDPE sui
bot va de in nhung bai mau hon hop (net, tram, nen).
Ser/es 18 (mau xanh da troi): Loai nay duoc tao boi lop keo tren be mat
HDPE sui bot. Loai nay dam bao in tot ca net lan tram. Mot dang dac biet
cua loai nay co ten la Cushion Mount de dan ban in dat chat luong cao doi
voi net va tram.
Ser/es F/examaant (xam, den, trang saat). Nhung loai co mau xam la loai
co do dnh bam cao nhat. Loai mau den co do dnh bam nho nhat.

CONG NGHE IN FLEXO

2.6 Dan ban (Mounting)
Viec dan ban co the thuc hien thu cong hay voi su tro giup cua he thong
Video-camera (Hnh 2-19, 2-20).
Trong qua trnh dan ban th du bang cach nao di nua th tren ban phai co
nhung diem tron nho (microdot) de giup viec dan ban chnh xac va de dang
thuc hien hon. (Hnh 2-18). Microdot thuong duoc dat o trung diem cua hai
canh ben cua ban va co duong knh 0.25mm.

Hnh 2-18: M/cradat sa
dang trang r/ec dan
ban /en trac mang
khaan /n

Hnh 2-19: Dan ban ra/
V/dea.

CONG NGHE IN FLEXO

Hinh 2-20: Sa da th/et bj dan ban
1. Trac ep rat //ea /n (dang de /n tha)
2. Khuon in duoc giu chat.
3. He thong Video camera (thuong tu 2-8 dau) duoc gan
theo truc ong ban.
4.Thuoc
5.Man hnh
6. Thiet bi chnh sua
7.Thiet bi kiem soat cac dau Camera theo cac microdot
8.Thanh dieu khien.

CONG NGHE IN FLEXO
Chaang 3:Vat //ea /n - 29 -

CHUONG 3: VAT LIEU IN
Viec hieu biet sau sac cac vat lieu in giup xac dinh duoc cac thong so can
thiet cho cong doan truoc in (Tao mau va Che ban), in va sau in.
3.1 Giay in
Uu diem:
Thoa man rat nhieu tnh chat cong nghe, tnh chat tieu dung, tnh kinh
te.
Mong, nhe nhung ben, be mat lai tuong doi phang va lang.
Cau truc xop cua giay lam cho no co kha nang chiu duoc ap luc dong
thoi muc in rat de bam len.
o trang cua giay dam bao cho chat luong tai tao hnh anh.
Kha nang tai sinh tot.
Nhuoc diem
Kha nang tham hut am cua giay kha lon.
Su khong dong nhat ve cau truc
3.1.1 Tnh chat vat ly
Cac t/nh chat caa trac : do day, dinh luong, do chat, tnh khong dong nhat cau
truc giay.
Cac t/nh chat qaang hac: do trang, do duc, do bong
Cac t/nh chat be mat: o khong bang phang, do lang, do rac, .
Cac t/nh chat ca hac: kha nang chiu cac luc keo, nen va uon cong.
Moi lien he giua cac tnh chat cua giay : (Hnh 3-1)
CONG NGHE IN FLEXO

TNH CHAT
VAT LY
TNH CHAT
CONG NGHE
TNH CHAT
TIEU DU NG
T nh chat
Quang ho c
o trang
o bong
o xuyen thau
o tuong phan
hi nh anh
Su xuyen thau qua mat
trai cua giay
Cau truc
o da y
i nh luo ng
o chat
o Rong
Ti nh dong nhat
cau truc giay
Kha nang hut am
Ti nh on di nh trong suot
qua tri nh cong nghe
o go n va
khoi luo ng sach
o dong nhat
cua hi nh anh
T nh chat
phan tu Iy ho c
Su tham uot
Su bien da ng
khi tham uot
o bam mu c
Su cong xoan
Su khong chong ma u
o nhan Su tiep xuc hoa n toa n
voi khuon
Su chi nh xac
cua hi nh anh
o loi khi ep nhu
T nh chat co ho c
o bien da ng
o ben
Ti nh bao toa n trong
suot qua tri nh cong
nghe
Tuoi tho
cua san pham
o bu i
Su troc xo giay
Ti nh tiet kiem
Hnh 3-1: Ma/ //en he chat g/ay ra y ngha caa chang
CONG NGHE IN FLEXO
3.1.2 Dac diem khi in tren giay

Bao quan giay truoc khi in: Nham tranh nhung loi in dang tiec, can can than trong
khi di chuyen nhung cuon giay ra khoi kho. Loi cuon giay cung can phai bao
quan tot de de dang dua giay vao dau vao giay trong khi in.
o am cua giay: ly tuong o 5-7%. Khi co su chenh lech lon giua do am giay va
moi truong th giay thuong bi nhan. e han che hien tuong nay, nen thuc hien
viec kh hau hoa giay.
Tnh chat be mat giay (do phang) anh huong rat lon den su tiep xuc giua giay va
khuon in. Do vay, se truc tiep anh huong den he so truyen muc in.
3.2 Carton gon song
Phuong phap in Flexo duoc ung dung kha pho bien de in tren carton gon
song.
3.2.1 Khai niem ve carton gon song
Bang 3-1: Bang phan loai carton gon song

STT Ten goi Cau tao Dac diem Hnh minh hoa
1. Song 1 mat
(Single face
board)
Mot lop song va
mot lop phang.
Su dung lam lop
dem lot, khong su
dung la thung.

2. Song 3 lop
(Single wall
corrugated)

Mot lop song xen
giua 2 lop phang
Loai duoc su dung
pho bien nhat.

3. Song 5 lop
(corrugated)
Hai lop song xen
giua 3 lop phang.
Hai lop song co
the co kieu (tan
so) khac nhau

4. Song 7 lop
(Triple wall
corrugated)
Ba lop song xen
giua 4 lop phang.
Cac lop song co
the co kieu (tan
so) khac nhau.
ay la dang dung
cho thung can co
do chiu luc cao.

5. Song 3 lop dac
biet
(Duo arch board)
Hai lop song duoc
dan bang keo giua
2 lop phang.
Lop song co do
day gap doi so voi
loai 3 lop thong
thuong de tang do
chiu luc cua song.

CONG NGHE IN FLEXO

Bang 3-2: Cac kieu song co ban

Kieu song Ky hieu So song
trung bnh/m
(tan so)
Chieu cao
song, mm
He so rut ngan
(Medium take -
up factor)
Song lon A 110 4.0 - 4.8 1.54
Song trung bnh C 129 3.2 - 3.9 1.45
Song nho B 154 2.2 - 3.0 1.33
Song cuc nho E 295 1.0 - 1.8 1.26

3.2.2 Dac diem khi in tren carton gon song:
o cung cua khuon in tuy thuoc vao dang carton gon song su dung. Thong
thuong, loai ban co do cung 30 5 (Shore A) duoc su dung de in moi loai
bai mau ngoai tru nhung loai co chi tiet in rat nho.
May in thuong duoc su dung loai In-line: kha nang ket hop voi cac cong
doan thanh pham nhu cat, be, gap, dan keo,.
Muc in thuong duoc su dung muc in tren co so nuoc.
3.3 Cac loai mang don thong dung
Ten r/et tat caa sa mang /n thang dang:
PE = Polyethylen
LDPE = Low Density Polyethylen
MDPE = Medium Density Polyethylen
HDPE = High Density Polyethylen
PET = Polyethylen Terephthalate (Polyester)
PP = Polypropylen
OPP = Oriented Polypropylen
PS = Polystyrene
OPS = Oriented Polystyrene
EPS = Expanded Polystyrene hoac Foamed Polystyrene
SAN = Styrene Acrylo Nitrile copolymer
ABS = Acrylonitrile - Butadiene Styrene copolymer
CONG NGHE IN FLEXO

PA = Polyamide (nylon)
PVC = Polyvinyl Chloride
PVDC = Polyvinylidene Chloride ( Saran)
PVA = Polyvinyl Acetate (PVAC)
PVAL = Polyvinyl Alcohol
CMC = Carboxymethyl Cellulose
CA = Cellulose Acetate
EVA = Ethylene Vinyl Acetate
TPX = Polymethyl Pentene
CAB = Cellulose Asetate - Butyrate
EC = Ethyl Cellulose

3.3.1 Tnh chat va cac yeu cau chung doi voi mang
1. Luc ben keo cang
La luc de be gay vat lieu tren mot don vi dien tch.
Mang PP dinh huong hoac polyeste co gia tri luc ben keo cao (400kp/cm
),
Cellophane co the dat toi 600 kp/cm
nhung LDPE th ch tu 100-200.

2. Luc ben xe rach
Rat quan trong va co anh huong den muc tieu su dung cuoi cung cua mot so
mau vat lieu lam bao b. Gia tri nay la 1 huong dan cho biet kha nang chiu
cac ung dung cua mang mong khi van hanh mot vai thiet bi. oi voi 1 vai
loai bao b, tnh chiu xe thap tro nen co loi (v du nhu tui khoai tay chien).
PE co luc ben xe cao trong khi mang Cellophane va mang polyeste co gia
tri nay thap.
3. Tro luc va dap
La tnh chat co loi dac biet khi dong goi san pham nang trong mang plastic
hoac trong nhung vat chua lon ma chung phai chiu va dap trong suot qua
trnh van chuyen. Phuong phap kiem tra tnh chat nay de roi mot khoi luong
len vat lieu va do luc tuong doi can de lot vao hoac be gay vat lieu.
4. o cung
Trong mot vai thiet bi dong goi dung mang nhua, tnh chat nay co the la
quan trong. Nhung no cung quan trong doi voi chai va cac vat chua khac ma
o do bao b ran doi hoi gia tri be day thanh toi thieu va luc ben to da. Gia
CONG NGHE IN FLEXO

tri do cung cung co the do duoc bang cach do va tnh do sai lech vat lieu khi
bi keo cang.
5. o chiu nhiet
Bao gom mot so tnh chat sau
D/em mem V/cat : Nhiet do khi mot cay kim lot vao 1 mm mau thu.
- Ch so chay: la toc do chay cua nhua nhiet deo o nhiet do cho san duoi ap
suat dac biet va qua khe co kch thuoc dac biet trong khoang thoi gian cho
san. Ch so chay bieu dien luong nhua chay qua mang tnh bang gam trong
10 phut.
- Lac ben han nh/et: bieu dien luc can de tach 2 be mat da han bang nhiet
ra khoi nhautheo huong vuong goc. PE co luu han nhiet rat cao va
Cellophane th cho gia tri thap hon nhieu. oi khi moi lien ket han nhiet
manh th khong can thiet chang han nhu tui dung keo vao khoai tay chien.
-1 yeu to khac duoc xet den la mang nhiet co tro nen gion khi chiu nhiet do
thap hay khong. ieu nay rat quan trong doi voi bao b cua thuc pham dong
lanh. Ve mat nay PE tot hon Cellophane. Vat lieu cung nen co tnh on dinh
nao do de co kha nang chiu duoc nhiet do kha cao. ieu nay rat can thiet
doi voi loai tui dun soi. o on dinh nay co the duoc mo ta nhu la kha nang
chiu duoc su thay doi moi truong ma khong mat di nhung tnh chat chu yeu.
6. Tnh chiu duoc do am
La yeu to rat quan trong khi can xac dinh tnh thch hop cua mang nhua khi
dong goi nhieu loai san pham. Mot vai san pham can duoc bao ve khong kh
am tu pha ngoai, 1 vai san pham khac th doi hoi pha ben trong khong
duoc phep boc hoi xuyen qua bao b. Co mot vai phuong phap de xac dinh
gia tri nay, phuong phap don gian nhat la keo cang mot mau mang tren mot
vat co chua nuoc, roi dat trong phong kho co chua chat hut am de chat nay
hap thu hoi nuoc truyen xuyen qua lop mang. Luong nuoc co trong vat chua
duoc truoc va sau thoi gian kiem nghiem va gia tri toc do truyen hoi nuoc
(WVTR: Water Vapor Transmission Rate) hoac toc do truyen hoi am
(MVTR: Moisture Vapor Transmission Rate) duoc dien ta bang luong nuoc
tnh bang gam khuech tan qua 1 m
(hoac 100 in
) mang trong 24 gio

(g/m
/24h hoac g/100 in
/24h)
7. Tnh ngan can kh
Khong giong voi tnh tham hoi nuoc. Trong truong hop nay,toc do truyen
cac loai kh dac biet nhu N
, CO
va nhat la O
duoc xac dinh. Ca phe song

thuong sinh ra kh CO
ma kh nay duoc phep thoat khoi vat chua,mat khac

kh nay co the gay buc vo do ap suat noi. Mat khac O
lam ca phe cu di va
CONG NGHE IN FLEXO

trong truong hop nay kh can giu o ben ngoai. V vay can chon vat lieu co
tnh tham O
thap nhung tham CO
cao. Mot v du khac can toc do truyen O

cao la truong hop dong goi thit tuoi v thit can O
de giu duoc mau do tuoi

hap dan khach hang.
Phuong phap xac dinh tnh tham thau kh la phai xac dinh duoc bao nhieu
luong kh khuech tan xuyen qua vat lieu trong khoang thoi gian cho san, ve
nguyen tac phuong phap nay giong voi phuong phap dung de xac dinh
WVTR da noi o tren. on vi cua gia tri nay la cm
/m
/24h hoac cc/100

in
/24h.
8. Kha nang han nhiet (Sealability)
Kha nang han nhiet cua cac nhua deo nhiet phu thuoc vao mot so dieu kien
sau:
Nhiet do lam mem; nhiet do va ap suat tai moi han; thoi gian han nhiet
Cau truc cua mang hoac ban than polymer.
T le tai tinh the tren t le tao cau truc vo dinh hnh cua polymer
Luong chat phu gia

Bang 3-3: Tnh chat cua mot so loai mang don thong dung trong bao b

Loai mang Polymer Kha nang
chiu nau
soi
Kha nang
ngan can
hoi nuoc
Kha nang
ngan can
kh
Do trong
suot
Tnh de in Kha nang
chiu keo
LDPE Homo-
polymer
+ ++ - ++ + -
LLDPE Co-polymer ++ ++ - ++ + -
HDPE Co-polymer + ++ - - + +
PP Homo/
Copolymer
++ ++ - +++ ++ +
BOPP Homo/Co-
polymer
/++ +++ - +++ +++ -
PET Homo-
polymer
- - ++ + ++
BOPET Homo-
polymer
- + +++ +++ -
PA Homo/Co-
polymer
- - ++ + + +++
BOPA Homo-
polymer
- - ++ +++ +++ -
+++: Ra t to t; ++: To t; +: Trung bnh; -: Kho ng to t

CONG NGHE IN FLEXO

3.3.2 Xu ly be mat (xu ly Corona)
Cac loai mang co do phan cuc thap (PE, PP) thuong rat kho dnh bam muc
in va keo. Su tham uot be mat cua vat lieu phu thuoc vao nang luong be mat
cua chung. Do vat, de tang dac tnh in cua cac vat lieu nay nguoi ta thuong
phai xu ly Corona.

Qua trnh xu ly Corona tuc la se lam tang kha nang tham uot be mat cho
mang. Hay la se lam giam goc tham uot can bang. (Hnh 3-3)

Hnh 3-2: Hnh anh duoc
in tren mang co qua xu
ly Corona (pha tren) va
mang khong duoc xu ly
Corona (pha duoi).
Hnh 3-3: Sa g/am gac
tham aat can bang kh/
xa /y Carana.
CONG NGHE IN FLEXO

Nham lam cho mang co kha nang tham uot tot cac chat long th phai dam
bao sao cho nang luong be mat cua mang phai lon hon suc cang be mat cua
ban than chat long do. on vi cua nang luong be mat la din/cm. Ly tuong
nhat la nang luong be mat cua mang phai lon hon suc cang be mat cua chat
long tu 7-10 din/cm.
Bo phan xu ly Corona gom 2 phan: Bo nguon dien va bo xu ly.
Ngayen /y /am r/ec: (Hnh 3-4) ien duoc cap den mot thanh (ban) ma vai
tro cua no giong nhu mot tu dien. Phan dien moi cua tu dien duoc hnh
thanh tu mot lo ho, khong kh va vat lieu. Trong qua trnh xu ly, dien the
cao se ion hoa khong kh tai phan khe ho, tao thanh su phong dien quang
sang (corona) tren be mat vat lieu (mang) va sau do se thoat di theo lo noi
dat.
Hnh 3-4: Ngayen /y /am r/ec caa ba phan xa /y Carana

Ngaan phat tao ra hieu dien the cao (ien xoay chieu voi tan so 50-60Hz;
Sau do duoc bien doi thanh dien 1 chieu voi tan so cao: 10-30KHz.

Hnh 3-5: Ma hnh /am
r/ec caa ba phan xa /y
Carana
CONG NGHE IN FLEXO

Cac thong so chnh cua qua trnh xu ly Corona:
Wd = (PSw/WW*LSpm*NTS)
Voi : Wd : Cong suat mat do dong (W/m
/phut)
PSw: Cong suat (W)
WW: Chieu rong mang can xu ly.
NTS: so mat can xu ly
3.4 Muc in
3.4.1 Cach lua chon muc in phu hop voi vat lieu:
- Yeu cau ve muc dch su dung (bang 3-4)
- Cong nghe su dung o in va sau in (bang 3-5)
- Cac chuan muc cua cac he thong kiem tra. (nganh thuc pham, my pham.)

Bang 3-4: Bang Yeu cau ve muc dch su dung:

Muc dch su dung Cau truc mang Yeu cau ve muc in
Banh keo. Muc/LDPE (Hi-slip) t co mui.
o bong cao.
He so ma sat thap.
Khang nuoc.

Banh snack. OPP, Polyester/Muc/Mang
ghep/Cellophane/Nylon
t co mui
Hop dung sua,
carton.
Muc in/LDPE/Carton Bao ve san pham chua trong.
Khang dau.
Chiu duoc nhung tac dong co
hoc.
Hop carton. Muc in/giay thong thuong
hoac giay trang bong
Chiu duoc nhung tac dong co
hoc (ac biet la luc ma sat).

CONG NGHE IN FLEXO

Bang 3-5: Cong nghe su dung o in va sau in

Cong nghe Cac thong so can quan tam
F/exa :
May in kho lon/Kho nho:
He thong cap muc: 2 truc: Thong thuong (standard)
Chnh xac (Fine metering)
He thong cap muc: Dao gat: Thong thuong (standard)
Chnh xac (Fine metering)
1. Co xu ly corona?
2. Nguyen ly kho muc?
3. Toc do in
4. Luc cang
5. Cac lo lanh
6. Thiet bi bom muc, kiem
tra do nhot.
7. Thoi gian chay may
8. Cac thong so ve bai mau:
% muc phu; Trapping
9. Nhiet do/am do moi
truong
Ghep: (In-line hay Off-line?)
Ghep dun.
Keo ghep khong dung moi
Keo ghep dung moi / Keo tren co so nuoc
Ghep thoi mang da lop
1. Muc in gan tren vat lieu.
2. Muc in bam voi lop mang
ghep.
3. Xu ly Corona.
4. Co dung lop Verni?
5. Keo ghep khi muc in con
uot?
6. Nhiet do thoi mang.
7. Thanh phan mang thoi.

3.4.2 Muc in tren co so dung moi huu co
Thanh phan:
Dung moi: 60-80%.
Nhua (tan trong dung moi huu co): 13%.
Pigment: 8-12%
Phu gia: 2-5%
Ca che kha mac: Bay hoi
Phu hop in tren giay va tren mang.
Thuong chia lam cac loai: muc cho cac mang polyolefin (PE, PPP), Muc cho
cac mang Saran va polyester (PET); Muc cho giay, mang kim loai (nhom).
CONG NGHE IN FLEXO

Bang 3-6: Thanh phan cua muc in tren co so dung moi huu co

Thanh phan muc in
Mac /n cha cac
mang Pa/ya/ef/n
Mac cha cac mang
Saran ra pa/yester
Mac cha g/ay, mang
k/m /aa/ (nham)
Thanh phan muc in
1 2 3 1 2 3 1 2 3
Nitrocellulose 2 8 12 8 10 10 15 8 10
Polyamide 23 16 0 16 5 - - - -
Nhua cung - - - - 5 5 - - -
Acrylic - - - - - - - - -
Colophan - 5 - - - - - - 10
NHUA
Shellac - - - - - - - 16 -
Chat lam deo - - 3 0-2 2-5 2-5 2-5 0-2 0-5
PHU
GIA
Hon hop silicone 0-2 0-2 0-2 0-2 0-2 0-2 0-2 0-2 0-2
Ethanol 0-60 0-60 0-60 0-60 0-60 0-50 0-50 0-50 0-50
n-propanol 0-60 0-60 0-60 0-60 0-60 0-50 0-50 0-50 0-50
n-propylacetate 5 10 10 10 10 20 10 10 10
Neptan 10 - - - - 10 - - -
Glycoether - 0-2 0-2 0-2 0-2 0-2 0-2 0-2 0-2
DUNG
MOI
HUU
CO

Kha nang ghep cua nhua
KHONG CO CO KHONG CO CO CO CO CO
A B C D D D E F G
Gh/ cha: (Phan /aa/ mac /n)
A: Muc in bao b, bong, kem chiu nhiet.
B: o bong trung bnh, kha nang chiu nhiet trung bnh, do GCS thap
C: o bong thap, kha nang chiu nhiet cao
D: o bong trung bnh, kha nang chiu nhiet trung bnh.
E: Kha nang chiu nhiet cao nhat, o bong thap.
F: Kha nang chiu nhiet trung bnh, do bam dnh tot.
G: Gia thanh thap, Kha nang chiu nhiet trung bnh.
3.4.3 Muc in tren co so nuoc
Thanh phan:
Nuoc: 60-80%. Trong thanh phan moi truong phan tan co the cho
them mot t dung moi huu co lam tang them kha nang tham uot cua
muc in len vat lieu.
Nhua (tan hoac phan tan trong nuoc): 13%.
CONG NGHE IN FLEXO

Pigment: 8-12%. Thong thuong, pigment su dung trong loai muc in
nay co do dam cao hon so voi muc in tren co so dung moi huu co.
Do vay, tren thuc te co the in lop muc mong hon.
Phu gia: 2-5%
Co che kho muc: tham hut 70%; bay hoi 30%.
Mat sa ran de can /aa y kh/ /n ra/ mac tren ca sa /a naac:
Mot so bien phap nham day nhanh toc do kho muc: Giam do day lop muc;
Tang nhiet do; Tang luong khong kh luan chuyen; Keo dai bo phan say;
Giam toc do in.
Kha nang tao bot cua muc in tren co so nuoc thuong cao hon so voi muc in
tren co so dung moi. Do vay, co the su dung nhung cac sau de han che tao
bot: chat chong tao bot; bom muc dang ong (khong dung dang ly tam); Lop
muc in phai o muc cao.
Van de lam sach truc Anilox phai duoc thuc hien ngay khi ket thuc don
hang hoac truoc khi dung may in ngh giua gio.
3.4.4 Muc in UV
Thanh phan:
Nhua: cac polymer mach ngan, cac monomer (VD: acrylate:
CH2=CH-C-O- hoac nhua epoxy: La dang nhua deo nhiet trong
thanh phan co chua lien ket C-O-C).
Chat kch hoat: 10-15% (hay con goi la chat nhay: cac chat nay co
kha nang tao phan ung polymer hoa duoi tac dung cua tia cuc tm).
Pigment: 14-20%
Phu gia: 2-5%
Ca che kha mac: Nho nang luong den UV (tao phan ung hoa hoc). Do vay,
den UV phai duoc dat ngay sau moi don vi in. Trong truong hop nhung may
in CI, th den UV phai duoc dat giua nhung don vi in.
Mat sa ran de can /aa y kh/ /n ra/ mac UV:
Muc in la loai hoan toan khong chua dung moi huu co nen lop muc in la rat
mong. Do vay, tan so truc Anilox thuong phai cao va cac lo cell phai nong.
He thong cap muc thuong la he kn voi dao gat muc (chamberred doctor
blade system).
Khi in tren mang th do bam dnh cua muc in UV can duoc kiem tra can
than truoc khi in san luong. Mang can duoc xu ly Corona truoc.
Voi den UV-C (buoc song 100-280nm) th toc do kho muc in la nhanh nhat.
Tuy nhien, voi cac buc xa nay co the gay hai cho mat va da cua cong nhan
CONG NGHE IN FLEXO

van hanh may. Can phai co nhung bien phap ngan ngua huu hieu: deo knh,
co knh ngan, vach ngan..
3.4.5 Do nhot cua muc in
Tren thuc te, do nhot cua muc in Flexo thuong duoc do bang coc do so 4.
Thong thuong, muc in duoc dua den nha in khong phai voi do nhot khi in ma
thuong voi do nhot cao hon. Sau do, khi in muc in moi duoc pha them dung
moi cho dat do nhot can thiet.
o nhot khi in tren mang: 20-30s (coc so 4); 18-25s khi in tren giay. Mot so
dang cua coc do do nhot (Hnh 3-6)

4mm 4mm 3mm 3mm 2mm

Hnh 3-6: Mat sa cac da da nhat cha mac /n F/exa

Hnh 3-7: Sa pha thaac caa da
nhat raa nh/et da trang cac he
mac khac nhaa.
A: Muc A, nhua Polyamide voi
pigment huu co mau.
B: Muc B, nhua Polyamide voi
pigment vo co trang.
C: Muc C, nhua Nitrocellulose voi
pigment huu co mau.
D: Muc D, nhua Nitrocellulose voi
E: Muc E, Mua tren co so nuoc voi
pigment huu co mau.
F: Muc F, Mua tren co so nuoc voi
Da nhat, s
Cac /oa/ Coc do do nhat cho mac /n F/exo
DIN, 100cm
AFNOR 4 ERICHSEN, 100cm
GS3, 100cm
ZAHN 2, 43cm
CONG NGHE IN FLEXO

o nhot muc in Flexo phu thuoc rat lon vao nhiet do (Hnh 3-7). Ngoai ra
do nhot cua muc in cung phu thuoc vao dang nhua su dung de dieu che muc
in.
3.4.6 Cach pha muc
Can luu y rang khong nen pha muc tu nhung loai muc co ma khac nhau,
cung nhu la cac loai muc tu nhung dung moi khac nhau ma khong tham
khao y kien cua nha cung cap muc.
3.4.6.1 Pha mac tha cang
Viec pha muc thu cong co the bat dau tu nhung khai niem lien quan den ly
thuyet mau.
Co the thuc hien tu hieu biet ve vong tron mau (Hnh 3-8). Tu 3 mau co ban
cua he mau CMYK, ta co the co duoc cac mau mo rong (hnh 3-9). Nhung
so mau nay tren thuc te thuong la khong du. Co rat nhieu nhung mau sang,
sach. khong the tao ra tu nhung mau co ban nay. V du nhu khong the tao
ra duoc mau tm ruc ro tu may Cyan va Magenta (Hnh 3-10).
Trong vong tron mau th nhung mau phu th nam doi voi nhau. Trong tong
hop tru mau th tru cua 3 mau co ban CYM cho ta mau den con khi pha 2
mau nam ke nhau tren vong tron mau th luon cho ta mau sang hon la pha 2
mau nam xa nhau hon tren vong tron mau (Hnh 3-11). Tron mau Cyan voi
mau Yellow cho ta mau xanh la sach va sang hon nhieu khi tron mau Cyan
voi mau vang cam (nam xa Cyan hon tren vong tron mau).

Hnh 3-8: Vang tran
maa.

CONG NGHE IN FLEXO

Hnh 3-9: Vang tran
maa daac taa ra ta 3
maa ca ban Cyan,
Magenta ra Ye//an.

Hnh 3-10: Cac maa xanh t/m nhan
daac bang cach tran cac maa xanh
khac nhaa ra/ maa Magenta

Hnh 3-11: Cac maa xanh /a nhan
daac bang cach tran maa rang khac
nhaa ra/ maa Cyan.
Co the thay ro hon trong v du mau duoc tao ra se khac biet nhau kha lon
khi tron hai mau nam ke can nhau tren vong tron mau. Ta co the nhan duoc
nhung mau cam rat khac biet nhau: khi tron hai mau vang cam nam ke nhau
ta duoc mau cam sang; con khi tron mau Yellow voi mau Magenta ta se
duoc mau cam xn mau hon (Hnh 3-12).
Tiep theo ta se xem xet truong hop cac muc mau se tao ra mau sac nhu the
nao khi tron voi muc den va muc trang.
Khi tron truc tiep muc trang voi muc mau ta se nhan duoc nhung mau nhat
mau hon. ac biet hon ta thuong tron muc trang voi muc mau khi mong
CONG NGHE IN FLEXO

muon muc in co tnh phu cao. ieu nay thuong co ung dung khi ta in tren
giay vang, muc in se co kha nang che phu mot phan mau cua giay. Do do,
chat luong hnh anh duoc in ra se tot hon. Nhung di kem do, khi them muc
trang vao th muc mau thuong co ve do hon (Hnh 3.13). Va hon the, khi
pha muc mau voi muc trang th cuong do mau se giam di. Tren thuc te,
trong nhung truong hop can phai lam sang mau nhung muc qua dam th viec
cho them muc trang vao thuong khong dat ket qua tot.

Hnh 3-12: Cac maa cam daac
taa ra kh/ pha tran.
Hnh 3-13: Maa Magenta kh/
pha ra/ mac trang (pha/)

oi voi cac mau nau, mau o-liu va ngay ca cac mau xam th viec pha them
vao muc den dong vai tro kha quan trong (Hnh 3-14). Voi t le muc mau va
muc den khac nhau ta co the thu duoc nhung mau co tong do khac nhau
(Hnh 3-15).

Hnh 3-14: Cac maa naa khac nhaa
kh/ pha tran maa cam ra/ t/ /e khac
nhaa maa den.
Hnh 3-15: Mac maa kh/ pha tran
cang t/ /e mac den.

CONG NGHE IN FLEXO

Tu mau xanh, mau den cung cac tong do khac nhau cua muc mau vang ta co
the thu duoc nhung mau xanh o-liu khac nhau (Hnh 3-16). Tuong tu, ta co
cac mau xam nga do, nga vang, nga xanh khi pha muc den voi mot luong
nho muc mau (Hnh 3-17).

Hnh 3-16: Cac maa xanh khac
nhaa kh/ pha tran cac maa rang
cam ra/ maa den, Cyan.
Hnh 3-17: Mac maa xam khac
nhaa kh/ pha mac den ra/ mac
maa.
Khi pha muc trang vao cac muc mau ta co vong tron mau nhat di. Cac muc
nay thuong duoc ung dung khi in tren bao b va giay dan tuong (Hnh 3-18).
Noi tom lai, tu cac muc mau co ban neu nhu nam duoc nguyen tac ta co the
pha duoc rat nhieu muc mau khac nhau. Cac muc mau nay thuong duoc dung
nhu muc pha khi in nen hoac dung de in chu co mau dac trung (V do dac
diem cua phuong phap in Flexo, nen neu nhu in Offset thuong ch in 4 mau
CMYK nhung khi in mau tuong tu bang phuong phap in Flexo, de dat chat
luong tuong duong th ta co the phai chuyen qua in bang 5, 6 mau).

Hnh 3-18: Vang
tran maa daac taa ra
ta pha cac mac maa
ta 3 maa ca ban
CMY ra/ mac trang.

CONG NGHE IN FLEXO

3.4.6.2 Pha mac ra/ sa tra g/ap caa cac may sa maa spectraphatameter
e nang suat pha muc cao hon va chnh xac hon th ngay nay co rat nhieu
nhung may so mau quang pho duoc su dung (Hnh 3-19). Voi su tro giup cua
nhung may nay va cac phan mem xu ly, nguoi ta de dang pha muc dung
theo mau. Hon nua viec do va luu tru nhung muc dang co trong x nghiep se
cho ta co duoc thu vien mau. Sau do, khi pha muc moi th may tnh co the
cho ta biet nhung cong thuc pha muc toi uu tu nhung muc co trong thu vien
mau nay.
ac diem cua cac thiet bi nay:
He mau do: CIELab.
Nguon sang: D50, D65, A, C.
Goc do: 45
/0

Hnh 3-19: Mat sa th/et bj da maa cam tay
a Spectrophotometer SPM 100 (Gretag);
b Spectrodensitometer 938 (X-Rite)

CONG NGHE IN FLEXO
Chaang 4: May /n ra Qay trnh /n - 48 -

CHUONG 4: MAY IN VA QUY TRNH IN
Tren thi truong co rat nhieu nha san xuat va cung ung may in va cac vat tu
lien quan den may in Flexo. Viec chon phuong an dau tu thiet bi la mot viec het
suc phuc tap, doi hoi mot luong thong tin day du va su phan tch chnh xac. Trong
may in th bo phan truc Anilox duoc xem nhu la trai tim cua may in, viec chon
dung truc Anilox la viec rat quan trong. Viec hieu va tuan thu cac quy trnh in cho
tung loai may in giup cho qua trnh san xuat an pham duoc thuc hien dung thoi
gian va dat chat luong.
4.1 Cac dang may in
Ba dang may in chnh: Dang chong dung (Stack Press), dang hanh tinh:
dung chung 1 truc ep in (CI: Common Impression Press) va dang nam ngang (In-
line Press).
4.1.1. May in dang nam (In-line Press)
a Dac d/em
Cac don vi in duoc sap xep theo hang ngang, noi ket voi nhau qua mot truc
lap chung (Hnh 4-1, 4-2).
b. Ua d/em
De dang in 1 va 2 mat (nho he thong thanh dao chieu giay hoac dao cuon giay)
Vat lieu in co the o dang to hoac cuon.
Chat luong in dat duoc cao khi in tren carton hoac vat lieu PSA.
Kha nang ket hop cac cong doan sau in nhu: ep nhu nong, cat, be, dan, khau.
a dang ve so mau in, do lon cua vat lieu.

Hnh 4-1:May /n dang nam ngang ta ra/
CONG NGHE IN FLEXO

Hnh 4-2:May /n caan 1/1 dang nam ngang

4.1.2. May in dang chong dung (Stack Press)
a. Dac d/em
Moi don vi in duoc dat chong dung len nhau tren mot hoac ca hai pha cua
mot khung chnh cua may in (Hnh 4-3, 4-4).
Tu 1-4 mau co the duoc dat chong dung len nhau tren mot pha cua mot
khung chnh cua may in. Dang cau truc nay thuan tien cho viec kiem soat
tung don vi in, thay doi cac thiet bi phu tro, thuan loi ve sinh may va cho
kha nang in co chu ky in lon.
Dang truyen dong: banh rang - day xch.

Hnh 4-3:May /n dang
chang dang
CONG NGHE IN FLEXO

Hnh 4-4:Sa da may /n Dang chang dang 6 maa

b. Ua d/em:
De dang in 1 va 2 mat.
In voi toc do cao.
De dang bao tr va ve sinh may.
Thch hop in hau het tren moi loai giay.
c. Nhaac d/em:
t thch hop in bai mau nua tong (Halftone)
Khong thch hop in tren mang (do lech mau thuong lon hon 1/32 inch).
4.1.3. Dang hanh tinh (CI: Common Impression Press)
a. Dac d/em
Su dung chung mot truc ep in cho tat ca cac mau (thuong la 4,6 hoac 8
mau). Truc ep in lam bang thep. (Hnh 4-5, 4-6)
uong knh cua truc CI thuong rat khac biet: 30-36 inch (cho 4 mau), 83
inch (cho 6 mau), va 94 inch (cho 8 mau).
Nho co he thong say giua cac mau nen duong knh CI khong can lon.
Nham tang do chnh xac trong chong mau, nhiet do say duoc kiem soat den
0.5
C
b. Ua d/em:
o chong mau co do chnh xac cao.
He thong dinh vi mau tu dong.
Hieu suat su dung may cao nho thoi gian chuan bi may t.
CONG NGHE IN FLEXO

Toc do in cao ( co the len toi 450m/phut).
Chat luong in cao.
May t bi rung.
Kha nang tu dong hoa thao lap ban.
Thch hop in tren cac loai mang (PE, OPP, PP), giay, mang nhom.
Luong phe lieu rat t (may in t tao ra do bien dong ve van toc trong suot
qua trnh in).
Hnh 4-5:May /n
dang hanh t/nh
(chang ang ep /n)

Hnh 4-6:Sa da may /n /n dang hanh t/nh 6 maa

Ngoai cach phan loai may in theo cau hnh, nguoi ta co the phan loai theo
kho in. Kha nha (chieu rong vat lieu <558mm), Kha trang bnh (chieu rong vat
lieu nam trong khoang 600-1120 mm),Kha /an (chieu rong vat lieu >1120mm).
CONG NGHE IN FLEXO

4.2 Truc Anilox: Cac thong so ky thuat va cach lua chon truc Anilox phu
hop voi san pham in.
4.2.1. Cau truc vat lieu va cac phuong phap che tao truc Anilox
Vat lieu che tao truc Anilox
Dang gom tron: kha nang chong mai mon cao va kha re tien. Thuong th do
la loai truc lam bang gom va duoc xu ly o nhiet do cao (nung) bang ngon
lua voi oxit nhom hoac crom va sau do duoc danh bong be mat boi truc mai
kim cuong. Loai truc nay thuong kho kiem soat duoc luong muc truyen sang
khuon in boi chung co be mat tron.
Dang gom co hoa van (Textured Ceramic). kha nang chong mai mon cao va
gia tuong duong voi dang gom tron. Loai nay cach che tao cung tuong tu
nhu dang gom tron ch khac la co mot luong bot gom phu duoc su dung phun
them vao be mat trong qua trnh nung gom loi. Luong bot gom phu su dung
cang nhieu th luong muc truyen sang khuon in cang lon. Loai nay cung kho
tnh chnh xac luong muc truyen len khuon in.
Gom-khac bang Laser: Loai truc Anilox nay co kha nang chong mai mon
cao nhat va gia thanh cung cao nhat trong cac loai truc Anilox co kha nang
kiem soat luong muc truyen dang khuon in. Loai nay thch hop voi cac loai
truc Anilox co tan so cell (tram) len toi 500lpi
Thep khong r hoac Ni/Cu : vat lieu phu duoc phun len tren be mat thep
khong r o nhiet do cao, sau do truc duoc danh bong lai va sau do duoc khac
bang cac phuong phap khac thuong duoc su dung trong cac nha may. Nham
tang cuong kha nang chong mai mon nguoi ta thuong ma Crom.
Cac phuong phap che tao truc Anilox:
An mon va ma Crom: phuong phap nay kha co dien nhung cung con duoc su
dung cho den ngay nay. Tuy nhien che tao ra cac truc Anilox nay doi hoi
nguoi tho phai co tay nghe cao trong qua trnh an mon.
Khac dien tu (tuong tu nhu phuong phap khac co dien truc in ong dong):
phuong phap nay duoc ung dung rong rai nho nhung uu diem:
Giam dang ke cac hat thua (vet do, xuoc, dom.) co the co do duoc
khac dien tu, dau dao khac lam bang kim cuong
Co duoc kha nang chong mai mon cao boi lop dong ao dung trong
phuong phap nay phai cung hon khi dung trong cac phuong phap khac
de khac hay an mon.
Co the xac dinh chnh xac hon luong muc truyen qua khuon in.
CONG NGHE IN FLEXO

4.2.2. Cau truc cell
ac trung boi hnh dang va goc (goc hop voi duong tam cua truc). Cac goc
co the co la 30
, 45
, va 60
. (Hnh 4-7)
Loai 45

Diamond: dang truyen thong. Dang nay lam viec kha tot nhung
cung co mot so nhuoc diem. Dang goc xoay tram nay thuong co bo ngan
cach giua cac cell kem va thuong gay ra hien tuong thua muc trong in (nhat
la doi voi vung trung bnh va toi). Hon nua, khi do sau cell lon cung lam
giam he so truyen muc va lam tang luong muc bam vao duoi day cell. ieu
nay gay can tro trong khi lam ve sinh may va bao tr may.
Loai truc Anilox bang gom thuong duoc khac voi goc 45
. Cau truc cell

thuong co dang trihelical, Pyramid, quadrangular va hexagonal. Nhung
dang cau truc cell nay co the tnh chnh xac the tch cell bang cac cong thuc
toan hoc.
Laa/ qaadranga/ar (hay Quad): thuong su dung nhat nho he so truyen muc
tot. (He so nay thuong lon hon 15% so voi dang Pyramid)
Laa/ hexagana/ ra/ gac 60
: cung bat dau duoc ua chuong. ac tnh cung

tuong tu nhu loai quadrangular. Hon nua voi hnh dang kieu nay giup tang
so luong cells co tren 1 don vi dien tch len dang ke. ong thoi no tao ra
lop muc dong deu nhat va lam cho vung toi sau hon va co he so truyen muc
tot nho cac goc cua cell co do mo lon hon. Voi goc loai nay cung giam thieu
loi in dang lo mot (pinholes) o vung in nen.
Dang raand shape (thuong tao ra bang phuong phap khac Laser): co he so
truyen muc rat tot. Loai nay thuong co do chiu mai mon cao nhat, tuy nhien
gia thanh cung cao nhat.

Dang to ong 60

60
hex pattern
Dang to ong 30

30
hex pattern
Dang kim cuong 45

45
diamond pattern

Hnh -:Hnh dang ra gac caa trac An//ax
CONG NGHE IN FLEXO

Dang Quad va khac
truc (Quad Engraving)
Dang duong va khac
(Trihelical Engraving)
Dang to ong va khac
(60
Hex Engraving)

Hnh -:Hnh dang ra cach che taa trac An//ax

Tu nam 1989 toi nay th loai goc 60o hex pattern da tro nen mot chuan
thong dung cho cac may in Flexo v:
Cac cells co the sap xep sat voi nhau hon (tiet kiem duoc 15% dien
tch)
o sau cua cells co the nong hon ma van dam bao duoc he so truyen
muc tot v co nhieu cells hon tren mot don vi dien tch
Tranh tao ra cac duong thong nhau (channel) so voi cau truc 30
hex
pattern boi v cac vach ngan khong nam cung tren mot duong thang
Voi quan diem cua cac nha san xuat th hnh dang truc Anilox nay la de
che tao nhat
(Cac loai 45
va 30
co the su dung tot cho cac truong hop trang phu varnish,
hoac cho mot so san pham in dac biet, nhung khong duoc su dung cho muc
dch in an Flexo thong thuong)
4.2.3. The tch chua muc (Anilox volume)
Luong muc truyen phu thuoc vao luong muc chua trong cell.
on vi BCM (Billion cubic microns per square inch. 1 BCM gan bang
1/trieu lt). Thong so nay cua truc Anilox thuong:7-55 BCM
Can /aa y rang kh/ /n ngaa/ tha mang maan /n ra/ /ap mac /n cang mang
cang tat r: Lop muc in mong th se de kiem soat, giam hien tuong dotgain
(Hnh 4-9), va se tang chat luong truyen tai hnh anh.
ieu can luu y la ta co the giam do sau cua truc Anilox (tuc la giam the tch
muc) khi su dung loai 60
(xem 4.2.2). Tuy nhien khi the tch muc qua nho
th co the xay ra tnh huong la muc in co the kho truoc khi truyen sang
CONG NGHE IN FLEXO

khuon in. Nhu vay, muc dch dat ra phai dam bao duoc do dam muc in can
thiet voi do day lop muc mong nhat.
Tuy nhien de dam bao do dam cua lop muc can phai luu y den loai muc
chon de in. Trong dieu kien co the th nen chon loai muc in co chua nong do
pigment cao.
Theo huong dan cua Harper Corporation of America th do sau cua cell (D:
Depth) nen bang 23%-33% do mo cua cell (Opening):

, % = x100
Dotgain co the lon

do lop muc in day
Dotgain nho hon nhieu
khi lop muc in mong

Hnh 4-9: H/en taang datga/n g/am kh/ da day /ap mac g/am

Hnh 4-10: T/ /e g/aa da saa ra da ma caa ce//

o mo cua cell
o sau cua cell
CONG NGHE IN FLEXO

Sa sanh aa ra nhaac d/em caa t/ sa g/aa da saa ra da ma ce//:
T so giua do sau va do mo cell Dac diem

50% (/an han 33%)
Nhuoc diem:
He so truyen muc kem.
Kho ve sinh truc Anilox.
Tao ra cac vach ngan go ghe.

15% (nho han 23%)
Nhuoc diem:
Tao cac cell go ghe.
Kho giu duoc do on dinh cua truc
Anilox voi cac thong so dinh
truoc.
28% (trong khoang 23%-33%)
Uu diem:
Tao cac cell co hnh dang va kch
thuoc dong nhat.
Cac duong cell tron phu hop voi
he so truyen muc toi uu.
Cac vach ngan tron va mong.
Co the giu duoc do on dinh cua
truc Anilox voi cac thong so dinh
truoc.
4.2.4. Tan so cell

Thap nhat la 65Lpi, co kha nang dat den 1200-1500Lpi. Thuong tan so duoc
su dung cho truc Anilox bang 4-5 lan tan so su dung tren phim. Tan so cang
cao th dien tch cell cang giam.
Luu y:
Tan so cell duoc chon tuy thuoc tnh chat mat hang in.
Moi tuong quan giua Anilox volume voi mat do lop muc
Moi tuong quan giua goc cua truc Anilox voi ket qua in an
Moi tuong quan giua tan so Anilox va tnh nang lam viec cua truc
Anilox.
Moi tuong quan giua Anilox volume voi hien tuong Dot gain
Cac loi in co the xay ra khi tan so tram tren khuon in khong phu hop voi tan
so truc Anilox, dac biet la nhung cho in tai vung sang cua bai mau (Hnh 4-
11; 4-12; 4-13; 4-14):
CONG NGHE IN FLEXO

Vung kho in
(loi in co the xuat hien)

Hnh 4-11:Vang /n ca ran de

Hnh 4-12: Ma/ //en he g/aa da /an d/em tram ra tan sa trac An//ax
Loi gay ban to in (Dot dipping).
Tan so truc Anilox 250lpi

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CONG NGHE IN FLEXO