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rs
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=
- .

- :

a b a b cos a, b

cos a, b

- :

a b
ab

- :
1.)

a b b a

2.)

a b c a b a c

3.)

k a b a k b k a b

( )

( )

k Z

( k )

4.)

a a a a cos a, a a


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5.)

a b 0

a b

( )!

- :

a ax , a y , az ax i a y j a z k

b bx , by , bz bx i by j bz k
-

x, y z - ,

i, j k
i 1, 0, 0

i 1

i j i j cos i, j 0

i i i i cos i, i

j 0,1, 0
k 0, 0,1

j 1
k 1

ik 0
j k 0

j j j
k k k


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a b ax , a y , az bx , by , bz

ax i a y j az k bx i by j bz k
axbx ii 1 axby i j
a y bx ji
az bx ki

ax bz ik

a y by j j 1 a y bz jk
a z by k j

axbx a y by az bz
a b ax bx a y by az bz

az bz k k 1


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- a b
a b ,

a, b

a b .

- :

a b a b sin a, b

- :
1.)

a b b a

2.)

a b c ab ac

3.)

k a b a k b k a b

!!!
( )

k Z

( k )


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4.)

a a a a sin a, a 0
0

ab 0

5.)

a || b
a b

( )!
- :

a ax , a y , az ax i a y j a z k

b bx , by , bz bx i by j bz k

a b ax

ay

az

bx

by

bz

- :


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P ab
P a ha b hb
P
P

1
ab
2
a ha
2

b hb
2

c hc
2

Me

a, b, c a b c

a ax , a y , az , b bx , by , bz c cx , c y , cz

ax

a, b, c bx

cx

ay

az

by

bz

cy

cz


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1.)

a , b, c b , c , a c , a , b
b, a, c c, b, a a, c, b

2.)

ka, b, c a, kb, c a, b, kc k a, b, c

3.)

a1 a2 , b, c a1, b, c a2 , b, c

a, b, c

, a b ,
.

V a, b, c

V BH
B ab


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1
a, b, c

6
BH
V
3

- a , b

1
ab
2

c ( )

a, b, c 0 ,