T duy lp trnh

Khng bao gi s phi bt u. Ti s khng vit hai ln cng mt on m ging nhau. Khi pht trin phn mm, hy ngh n tng lai. Vit m cng t bao nhiu ,mc li cng t by nhiu. Bn s khng bao gi tr thnh mt lp trnh vin gii nu ch tp luyn 2 gi mi ngy. Tt c cc cng vic u c phn th v v phn bun chn, khng c ngoi l. K th s mt ca cc lp trnh vin l g? Kiu cng. Lp trnh vin s dng hu ht thi gian ca mnh vo vic sa li. Chng trnh cng d c bao nhiu cng tit kim thi gian by nhiu. Trng hc khin cc bn tin rng chng trnh ca bn ch cn tha mn mt mnh bn l . iu ny hon ton sai lm. Chng trnh phi tha mn khch hng v cc lp trnh vin khc.

Gii thiu Th l bn ngh rng lp trnh l mt th gii v cng th v, v bn mun tham gia vo th gii y? Trc khi bn bt u, iu duy nht m ti mun khuyn l: nu bn thc s yu thch lp trnh th r rng l cng vic tt nht m bn c th c c. Ngc li, nu bn ch cm thy thch, hay khng quan tm lm n lp trnh, th r rng l cng vic ti t nht ca bn. Bi v bn ang gia nhp vo mt th gii m s cnh tranh lun l ni m nh khng th trnh khi. Pht trin phn mm gn nh l mt cuc ua tranh. Trong , cuc sng ca bn l mt con ng v bn phi chy cng nhanh cng tt, khng cn bit di chn c g, cho n khi gp ng bng hoc l ng phi vch cheo leo. Nu bn sy chn, mi th kt thc, v hon ton l li ca bn. Nghe c v hi gh gm ng khng? Nhng ng nhng iu lm bn nn lng. Ti ch khng mun v nn mt vin cnh ti p, ni c nhng cnh ng xanh ngt ngn v nhng m my lng l tri trn nn tri xanh thm. Thc t l c th ch vi pht sau tri s ma v bn th chng mang theo d. Th nhng, chnh nhng iu khng chc chn, nhng thch thc v p lc s lm cho cuc sng tr nn y hng th. Bn vn cn c n y ? Rt tt, th c ngha l bn hon ton nghim tc v iu ny. By gi iu ti s ni vi bn l mt bn phc tho v nhng g ang ch i bn

trong th gii lp trnh, chng ta s ni mt t v k thut v c nhng nim vui ca th gii y. Bn cn g tr thnh mt lp trnh vin? Ti khng ngh rng c mt vi yu cu kh khn no khin bn khng th tr thnh lp trnh vin, ti ch n gin ngh rng bt c ai c mt t (hay rt nhiu) mong mun u c th tr thnh lp trnh vin. Vn ch l bn dnh ra bao nhiu thi gian. iu c ngha l ti ngh c nhiu quan nim sai lm v nhng k nng cn c tr thnh lp trnh vin. Trc tin, bn khng cn phi tht xut sc trong mn Ton, bn ch cn c kh nng hiu c nhng iu c bn. D nhin l c nhng ngoi l, nu bn c hng th trong lnh vc ha hay lp trnh game th mt kin thc Ton vng vng s gip bn rt nhiu. Mt quan nim sai lm khc l bn cn phi l thin ti logic. Ni chung, iu khng phi l bt buc, d nhin t duy logic cng tt th cng d dng hn khi tip cn th gii lp trnh. Vy th k nng no l cn thit? B thc y bi nhng thch thc l yu t quan trng nht. n gin l v bn ang tham gia vo mt tr chi trong thch thc xut hin trong mi ng ngch. Mt iu quan trng khc l phi khng ngng theo ui mc tiu, nhng vn phi lun uyn chuyn khng ui theo mt cch m qung nhng mc tiu xa vi. Cn trng hc th sao? Trng hc l ni tuyt vi hc mi th ngoi tr cng ngh. ng cho l ti sai, ti khng ni rng ti ngh trng hc l khng quan trng. Ngc li, ti ngh trng hc l rt quan trng, nhng khng phi hc lp trnh. Nhng g bn nn tp trung tht s trng l hc cch lm vic vi nhng ngi khc trong mt n. Cng nh hc cch nhng ngi xung quanh gii quyt vn v cch thc gii quyt ca h khc cch ca bn ch no. Trng hc thng bt bn phi lm nhng th c th bn khng thch. Chng hn, ti nh lc ti hc mn Thit k trnh bin dch, ti t nh: Tht l mt thi gian mt cch v ch, ti chng bao gi cn phi thit k trnh bin dch lm g. Nhng, iu ti hc c l lm th no gii quyt nhng vn hon ton khc nhau, v kin thc ny gip ti lm c nhiu vic khc. Mt trong nhng thun li bn c c t trng hc l bn c th gp g bn b c cng ch hng v c th sau ny tr thnh ng nghip ca bn. Ngnh cng nghip phn mm nhiu kha cnh rt ging vi ngnh cng nghip in nh, khi c ai b li cun vo mt n y tham vng, h thng mi bn b cng hp tc. Nu bn khng bit h t trc, bn s khng th mi (hay thu), v trong nhiu trng hp, trng hc chnh l ni bn c th tm c nhng ngi c cng s thch. Mt kha cnh khc

khng th b qua l trng hc khng ch dy v k thut m cn dy v lch s, v tm l, V trong khi nhng th y c v khng lin quan trc tip n lp trnh, bn c th s rt ngc nhin nu bit rng cng l mt trong nhng ngun cm hng m ti tng c. Ti nn bt u t u? Trc tin, ti khuyn l bn nn cn nhc cn thn trc khi c mt quyt nh quan trng. Nh ti ni, th gii lp trnh c th rt l th, nhng cng y gian nan. Do , ng bao gi nhy b vo m khng suy ngh k. Vic u tin cn lm d nhin l tm mua mt cun sch dy lp trnh. Nhng c qu nhiu sch v qu nhiu ngn ng. Ti khuyn bn nn chn mt trong cc ngn ng sau: C, C++, Visual Basic, Pascal (Delphi) hay Java. Khoan hy ngh n nhng ngn ng khc, bi v chng hoc l qu phc tp cho ngi mi bt u hoc l qu n gin c th a bn vo th gii lp trnh. Nhng d th no th bn cng nn chn mt ngn ng vo thi im ny. Nhng ngn ng ny rt ging nhau, v v cng mnh m. Hu nh mi ng dng thng mi u c th c vit bi mt trong nhng ngn ng trn. Phng php ca ti l chn 2 quyn sch cho mi ngn ng nu trn. c s qua trc, v ch cc v d, m ngun trong . Sau khi c s qua tt c cc quyn sch chn, hy chn quyn sch gy cho bn nhiu hng th nht. V ngn ng m quyn sch cp chnh l ngn ng bn nn hc u tin. By gi hy chn thm vi quyn sch v ngn ng , mi quyn, bn hy c mt phn chng u tin, bn c cm thy quan tm n n khng? Nu khng, hy b quyn sch y v chn mt quyn khc; nu c, hy lt n gia quyn sch v mt phn chng m bn bt gp, vn cm thy quan tm n quyn sch y ng khng? Tt, l quyn sch c th bn s chn. ng c hiu n vit ci g, ch cn tm hiu xem n c mang n cho bn s quan tm v ngn ng hay khng. Tip tc phng php ny cho n khi khng cn quyn sch no c, bn c th tm c quyn sch gy cho bn nhiu hng th nht hc ngn ng . Nhng cng c cn thit Hy nhn thng vo vn , chn ng cng c s lm cho cng vic tr nn d dng hn. iu ny cng chnh xc hn trong lnh vc pht trin phn mm. C th Microsoft to ra mi trng pht trin tt nht, Microsoft Developers Studio. Do , nu bn dng C/C++, Visual Basic, th c l y s l th bn cn. Tuy nhin, vn c nhiu cng c thay th min ph khc cho nhng ngn ng ny. Bn c th kim tra th nu thch. Mt cng c khc cng rt quan trng, l trnh son tho m lnh (code editor). DevStudio c mt trnh son tho m lnh tch hp sn, v l mt trong nhng l do khin nhiu ngi dng n. C nhn ti khng thch b rng buc bi mt mi trng

pht trin no. Do , ti thch dng cng c son tho MultiEdit. Ti s dng n trong nhiu nm. V ti rt t ho khuyn nhng ai mun tm mt cng c thay th cho DevStudio hy dng n. Hy l ngi lc quan Ti tng nghe ngi ta ni rng k lc quan nht trn th gii chnh l nh pht trin phn mm. Trong suy ngh ca h, khng c phn mm no l khng th vit c. Mt v d nh, bn hy vo th mt site download phn mm no m xem. C hng trm hng ngn phn mm bao gm mi lnh vc. Lm th no m ngi ta c th sng to ra tng y phn mm. Chng nhiu v tt n ni bn khng th ngh ra nn sng to thm phn mm no. Th nhng tng ngy tng gi, cc nh pht trin phn mm lun sng to v cho ra nhiu phn mm mi hn na, nhng phn mm m c thi ngi ta cho l khng th to ra c. D sao th lc quan my cng phi c gii hn. Mu cht ca vn l h khng nhn mi th mt cch tng th, m tng phn c th. mt chng mc no , c th xem y l c trng ca ngnh thit k phn mm, chia d n ra thnh nhng phn nh v gii quyt tng phn. Nu bn khng phn phi thi gian hp l, bn s khng th no hon thnh cng vic. Khi bn bt u vit chng trnh thc s u tin (ngha l chng trnh c th thc hin c mt cng vic no cn thit cho mi ngi, khng phi cho ring bn), phi chc chn rng bn dnh thi gian vch ra k hoch v nhng vic bn nh lm, th t thc hin, v kt qu cui cng l g. Nu bn lm iu ny, bn s thy mi th tr nn d dng hn v c th hon thnh nhanh hn l bn ngh. Hy lm vic theo nhm! Nu bn d nh tr thnh mt lp trnh vin n c, hy suy ngh li. 99,9% cc d n i hi phi lm vic theo nhm. V do , bn cn phi c kinh nghim lm vic theo nhm, phi hp vi nhng ngi khc trong mt d n. Mt khi bn hon thnh nhng d n nh ca ring mnh, l lc bt u tm cch tham d vo mt d n c nhiu ngi tham gia. c th l mt game, mt bn demo, hay bt c th g. Ch cn l d n lm bn quan tm. C nhiu cc tm d n, bn c th gia nhp vo nhng d n c, tm kim nhng nhm va mi thnh lp v xin gia nhp, hay thm ch t lp mt d n v mi ngi khc cng cng tc. iu quan trng nht l bn phi hc cch lm vic cng vi nhng ngi khc thc hin mc tiu chung. Nhng th nn c! c sch l nguyn tc c bn V iu ny cng chnh xc trong ngnh pht trin phn mm. Nu bn l ngi khng thch c sch, c l bn nn chn mt cng vic khc.

Bi v c sch chnh l cha kha cng c v hin thc ha nhng tim nng ca bn. Bn c th t hi v sao ti c th vit nhiu phn mm trong thi gian ngn nh th? C 3 l do chnh: kinh nghim, nhng ng nghip ti nng m ti lun hi lng khi c lm vic chung v cui cng l nhng quyn sch ti c. Ti khng th gip bn c c kinh nghim v nhng bn ng nghip gii, nhng ti c th gii thiu cho bn nhng quyn sch hay:

Code Complete, ISBN 1556154844.

y l quyn sch cn thit cho mi nh pht trin phn mm, bt k h ang dng ngn ng lp trnh no. N bao gm nhiu bi thc hnh v nhiu k thut lin quan n phong cch vit m.

Rapid Development, ISBN 1556159005.

Quyn sch ny hng n vic lp k hoch cho mt d n, tp trung vo nhng li tim n c th mc phi, y l quyn sch cho bn bit th gii thc s ca ngnh pht trin phn mm.

Dynamics of Software Development, ISBN 1556158238.

Quyn sch ny c mt hng tip cn khc, tp trung vo vic lm vic theo nhm v ng lc ca vic lp trnh. y l iu thnh thong b xem nh, v hu qu c th c thy trong nhiu d n b tht bi.

The Mythical Man-Month, ISBN 0201835959.

y thc s l mt quyn sch nn c. D rng n c vit cch y hn 20 nm, th nhng vn c nhiu iu c th p dng.

Programming Windows, ISBN 157231995X.

Nu bn c nh lp trnh trn Windows (bng C hay C++), bn cn phi mua quyn sch ny. Theo ti y l quyn sch dy lp trnh Windows tt nht.

The Art of Ware, ISBN 1558513965.

Ti l mt ngi hm m cung nhit Tn T, do ti rt thch th khi c quyn sch ny. y l mt quyn sch c phong cch vit rt li cun, vi nhng bi hc trong binh php Tn T c vn dng vo ngnh pht trin phn mm. Tng kt Hy vng ti nu c mt s iu cn thit tr thnh mt lp trnh vin, khng phi v mt k thut m l v mt t duy. C nhn ti cho rng lp trnh l mt cng vic y hng th. Khng c g vui hn khi nhn thy ai ang s dng phn mm do bn vit lm cho cuc sng ca h tt hn, d ch l mt phn no y. Do , nu bn quyt nh theo ui ngnh pht trin phn mm, ti xin chc bn may mn v hy vng mt ngy no ti s c dp download phn mm do bn vit s dng.