3D Rendering Pipeline (for direct illumination)

3D Primitives 3D Modeling Coordinates Modeling Transformation 3D World Coordinates Lighting 3D World Coordinates Viewing Transformation 3D Camera Coordinates Projection Transformation 2D Screen Coordinates Clipping 2D Screen Coordinates Viewport Transformation 2D Image Coordinates Scan Conversion Image 2D Image Coordinates

Clipping
Greg Humphreys CS445: Intro Graphics University of Virginia, Fall 2004

3D Rendering Pipeline (for direct illumination)

3D Primitives 3D Modeling Coordinates Modeling Transformation 3D World Coordinates Lighting 3D World Coordinates Viewing Transformation 3D Camera Coordinates Projection Transformation 2D Screen Coordinates Clipping 2D Screen Coordinates Viewport Transformation 2D Image Coordinates Scan Conversion Image 2D Image Coordinates

2D Rendering Pipeline
3D Primitives 2D Primitives Clipping Viewport Transformation Scan Conversion Image Clip portions of geometric primitives residing outside the window Transform the clipped primitives from screen to image coordinates Fill pixels representing primitives in screen coordinates

2D Rendering Pipeline
3D Primitives 2D Primitives Clipping Viewport Transformation Scan Conversion Image Clip portions of geometric primitives residing outside the window Transform the clipped primitives from screen to image coordinates Fill pixels representing primitives in screen coordinates

Clipping
Avoid drawing parts of primitives outside window
Window defines part of scene being viewed Must draw geometric primitives only inside window

Window Screen Coordinates

Clipping
Avoid drawing parts of primitives outside window
Window defines part of scene being viewed Must draw geometric primitives only inside window

Clipping
Avoid drawing parts of primitives outside window
Points Lines Polygons Circles etc.

Viewing Window

Viewing Window

Point Clipping
Is point (x,y) inside the clip window?
wy2 (x,y)
inside = (x >= wx1) && (x <= wx2) && (y >= wy1) && (y <= wy2);

Line Clipping
Find the part of a line inside the clip window
P7 P1 P3 P2 P5 P6 P9

P4

P8 P10

wy1 wx1 Window

wx2

Before Clipping

Line Clipping
Find the part of a line inside the clip window
P7 P4 P6 P5 P8

Cohen Sutherland Line Clipping

Use simple tests to classify easy cases first

P7 P1 P3 P2 P5 P6 P9

P3

P4

P8 P10

After Clipping

Cohen Sutherland Line Clipping

Classify some lines quickly by AND of bit codes representing regions of two endpoints (must be 0) 1001
P1

Cohen Sutherland Line Clipping

Classify some lines quickly by AND of bit codes representing regions of two endpoints (must be 0) 1001
Bit 4 P1

0001 P7

0101

0001 P7

0101
Bit 4

1000
P2

P3

0000
P6

P4

P8

0100
P10 Bit 3

1000
P2

P3

0000
P6

P4

P8

0100
P10 Bit 3

1010
Bit 1

P5

0010 P9
Bit 2

0110

1010
Bit 1

P5

0010 P9
Bit 2

0110

Cohen Sutherland Line Clipping

Classify some lines quickly by AND of bit codes representing regions of two endpoints (must be 0) 1001 0001 P7 0101
Bit 4

Cohen Sutherland Line Clipping

Classify some lines quickly by AND of bit codes representing regions of two endpoints (must be 0) 1001 0001 P7 0101
Bit 4

1000

P3

0000
P6

P4

P8

0100
P10 Bit 3

1000

P3

0000
P6

P4

P8

0100
P10 Bit 3

1010
Bit 1

P5

0010 P9
Bit 2

0110

1010
Bit 1

P5

0010 P9
Bit 2

0110

Cohen-Sutherland Line Clipping

Compute intersections with window boundary for lines that cant be classified quickly 1001 0001 P7 0101
Bit 4

Cohen-Sutherland Line Clipping

Compute intersections with window boundary for lines that cant be classified quickly 1001 0001 P7 0101
Bit 4

1000

P3

0000
P6

P4

P8

0100
P10 Bit 3

1000

P3

0000
P6

P4

P8

0100
P10 Bit 3

1010
Bit 1

P5

0010 P9
Bit 2

0110

1010
Bit 1

P5

0010 P9
Bit 2

0110

Cohen-Sutherland Line Clipping

Compute intersections with window boundary for lines that cant be classified quickly 1001 0001 P7 0101
Bit 4

Cohen-Sutherland Line Clipping

Compute intersections with window boundary for lines that cant be classified quickly 1001 0001 P7 0101
Bit 4

1000

P3

0000
P6

P4

P8

0100
P10 Bit 3

1000

P3

0000
P6

P4

P8

0100
P10 Bit 3

1010
Bit 1

P5

0010 P9
Bit 2

0110

1010
Bit 1

P5

0010 P9
Bit 2

0110

Cohen-Sutherland Line Clipping

Compute intersections with window boundary for lines that cant be classified quickly 1001 0001 P7 0101
Bit 4

Cohen-Sutherland Line Clipping

Compute intersections with window boundary for lines that cant be classified quickly 1001 0001 P7 0101
Bit 4

1000

P3

0000
P6

P4

P8

0100
P10 Bit 3

1000

P3

0000
P6

P4

P8

0100
P10 Bit 3

1010
Bit 1

P5

0010 P9
Bit 2

0110

1010
Bit 1

P5

0010 P9
Bit 2

0110

Cohen-Sutherland Line Clipping

Compute intersections with window boundary for lines that cant be classified quickly 1001 0001 0101
Bit 4 P8

Cohen-Sutherland Line Clipping

Compute intersections with window boundary for lines that cant be classified quickly 1001 0001 0101
Bit 4 P8

P7 P4

P7 P4

1000

P3

0000
P6

0100
P10 Bit 3

1000

P3

0000
P6

0100
P10 Bit 3

1010
Bit 1

P5

0010 P9
Bit 2

0110

1010
Bit 1

P5

0010 P9
Bit 2

0110

Cohen-Sutherland Line Clipping

Compute intersections with window boundary for lines that cant be classified quickly 1001 0001 0101
Bit 4 P8

Cohen-Sutherland Line Clipping

Compute intersections with window boundary for lines that cant be classified quickly 1001 0001 0101
Bit 4 P8

P7 P4

P7 P4

1000

P3

0000
P6

0100
P10 Bit 3

1000

P3

0000
P6

0100
P10 Bit 3

1010
Bit 1

P5

0010 P9
Bit 2

0110

1010
Bit 1

P5

0010 P9
Bit 2

0110

Cohen-Sutherland Line Clipping

Compute intersections with window boundary for lines that cant be classified quickly 1001 0001 0101
Bit 4 P8

Cohen-Sutherland Line Clipping

Compute intersections with window boundary for lines that cant be classified quickly 1001 0001 0101
Bit 4 P8

P7 P4

P7 P4

1000

P3

0000
P6

0100
P10 Bit 3

1000

P3

0000
P6

0100
P10 Bit 3

1010
Bit 1

P5

0010 P9
Bit 2

0110

1010
Bit 1

P5

0010 P9
Bit 2

0110

Cohen-Sutherland Line Clipping

Compute intersections with window boundary for lines that cant be classified quickly 1001 0001 0101
Bit 4 P8

Cohen-Sutherland Line Clipping

Compute intersections with window boundary for lines that cant be classified quickly 1001 0001 0101
Bit 4 P8

P7 P4

P7 P4

1000

P3

0000
P6

0100
P10 P9 Bit 2 Bit 3

1000

P3

0000
P6

0100
P10 P9 Bit 2 Bit 3

1010
Bit 1

P5

0010

0110

1010
Bit 1

P5

0010

0110

Cohen-Sutherland Line Clipping

Compute intersections with window boundary for lines that cant be classified quickly 1001 0001 0101
Bit 4 P8

Clipping
Avoid drawing parts of primitives outside window
Points Lines Polygons Circles etc.

P7 P4

1000

P3

0000
P6

0100
Window Bit 3

1010
Bit 1

P5

0010
Bit 2

0110

2D Screen Coordinates

Polygon Clipping
Find the part of a polygon inside the clip window?

Polygon Clipping
Find the part of a polygon inside the clip window?

Before Clipping

After Clipping

Sutherland Hodgeman Clipping

Clip to each window boundary one at a time

Sutherland Hodgeman Clipping

Clip to each window boundary one at a time

Sutherland Hodgeman Clipping

Clip to each window boundary one at a time

Sutherland Hodgeman Clipping

Clip to each window boundary one at a time

Sutherland Hodgeman Clipping

Clip to each window boundary one at a time

Clipping to a Boundary
Do inside test for each point in sequence, Insert new points when cross window boundary, Remove points outside window boundary
P2 Window Boundary P3 P4 P1 Inside Outside P5

Clipping to a Boundary
Do inside test for each point in sequence, Insert new points when cross window boundary, Remove points outside window boundary
P2 Window Boundary P3 P4 P1 Inside Outside P5

Clipping to a Boundary
Do inside test for each point in sequence, Insert new points when cross window boundary, Remove points outside window boundary
P2 Window Boundary P3 P4 P1 Inside Outside P5

Clipping to a Boundary
Do inside test for each point in sequence, Insert new points when cross window boundary, Remove points outside window boundary
P2 Window Boundary P3 P4 P1 Inside Outside P5

Clipping to a Boundary
Do inside test for each point in sequence, Insert new points when cross window boundary, Remove points outside window boundary
P2 Window Boundary P1 Inside Outside P3 P4 P5

Clipping to a Boundary
Do inside test for each point in sequence, Insert new points when cross window boundary, Remove points outside window boundary
P2 Window Boundary P1 Inside Outside P3 P4 P5

Clipping to a Boundary
Do inside test for each point in sequence, Insert new points when cross window boundary, Remove points outside window boundary
P2 Window Boundary P1 Inside Outside P3 P4 P5

Clipping to a Boundary
Do inside test for each point in sequence, Insert new points when cross window boundary, Remove points outside window boundary
P2 Window Boundary P1 P Inside Outside P3 P4 P5

Clipping to a Boundary
Do inside test for each point in sequence, Insert new points when cross window boundary, Remove points outside window boundary
P2 Window Boundary P1 P Inside Outside

2D Rendering Pipeline
3D Primitives 2D Primitives Clipping Viewport Transformation Scan Conversion Image Clip portions of geometric primitives residing outside the window Transform the clipped primitives from screen to image coordinates Fill pixels representing primitives in screen coordinates

Viewport Transformation
Transform 2D geometric primitives from screen coordinate system (normalized device coordinates) to image coordinate system (pixels) Screen Image

Viewport Window

Viewport Transformation
Window-to-viewport mapping
Window
wy2 vy2

Summary of Transformations
p(x,y,z) Viewport
3D Object Coordinates Modeling Transformation 3D World Coordinates Viewing Transformation

} }

(wx,wy) wy1 wx1

(vx,vy) wx2 vy1 vx1

3D Camera Coordinates

Screen Coordinates

Image Coordinates

vx2

Projection Transformation 2D Screen Coordinates Window-to-Viewport Transformation

Modeling transformation

Viewing transformations

Viewport transformation

vx = vx1 + (wx - wx1) * (vx2 - vx1) / (wx2 - wx1); vy = vy1 + (wy - wy1) * (vy2 - vy1) / (wy2 - wy1);

2D Image Coordinates p(x,y)

Summary
3D Primitives 2D Primitives Clipping Viewport Transformation Scan Conversion Image Clip portions of geometric primitives residing outside the window Transform the clipped primitives from screen to image coordinates Fill pixels representing primitives in screen coordinates

Summary
3D Primitives 3D Modeling Coordinates Modeling Transformation 3D World Coordinates Lighting 3D World Coordinates Viewing Transformation 3D Camera Coordinates Projection Transformation 2D Screen Coordinates Clipping 2D Screen Coordinates Viewport Transformation 2D Image Coordinates Scan Conversion Image 2D Image Coordinates

Viewing Window

Next Time
3D Primitives 3D Modeling Coordinates Modeling Transformation 3D World Coordinates Lighting 3D World Coordinates Viewing Transformation 3D Camera Coordinates Projection Transformation 2D Screen Coordinates Clipping 2D Screen Coordinates Viewport Transformation 2D Image Coordinates Scan Conversion Image 2D Image Coordinates

P1 P2 P3
Scan Conversion!

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