Fluid power Systems

What is fluid?
A fluid is a substance which is capable of flowing
Fluids may be of,

Liquid or Gas or Vapour

What is fluid power?

The technology that deals with the generation, control and transmission of power using pressurized fluids
Classification of fluid power systems,

Hydraulic Systems Pneumatic Systems

Advantages of Fluid power systems

1. 2. 3. 4. 5. 6. 7. Ease and accuracy of control Multiplication of force (102 to 105 times) Constant force or torque Simplicity, safety and economy High power to weight ratio Automatic protection against overloads Infinitely variable control (force, torque, speed)

Applications of fluid power

1. 2. 3. 4. 5. 6. 7. Manufacturing industry Automobile and automobile industry Agriculture industry Naval industry Aviation and aerospace industry Material handling field Construction field

Hydraulic power system

Pneumatic power system

Fluid Power Examples

Functions of fluids in fluid power systems

1. Transmit power 2. Lubricate moving parts 3. Seal the gaps and clearances between mating parts 4. Heat dissipation 5. Rust and corrosion prevention 6. Remove the harmful impurities from the system

Physical properties of fluids

1. Density
a. Mass Density b. Weight density

2. Specific gravity 3. Specific volume 4. Viscosity

a. Absolute viscosity b. Kinematic viscosity c. Viscosity index (VI Number)

Physical properties of fluids (cond..)

5. Cohesion and Adhesion 6. Surface tension 7. Capillarity 8. Vapour pressure 9. Cavitation 10.Compressibility 11.Bulk modulus

Viscosity
Viscosity is a quantitative measure of a fluids resistance to flow. Dynamic (or Absolute) Viscosity: The dynamic viscosity() of a fluid is a measure of the resistance it offers to relative shearing motion. = F/ [A(du/dy)] = /(du/dy) N-s/m Kinematic Viscosity : It is defined as the ratio of absolute viscosity to the density of fluid. = / m/s ; = density of fluid

Viscosity index
An entirely empirical parameter which would accurately describe the viscosity- temperature characteristics of the oils. The viscosity index is calculated by the following formula: VI = (L - U)/ (L - H) * 10 where , VI is viscosity index U is the kinematic viscosity of oil of interest L and H are the kinematic viscosity of the reference oils

Compressibility
All fluids are compressible to some extent. Coefficient of compressibility,

Where, V= Change in Volume V= Original Volume P= Change in Pressure

Bulk Modulus
It is the reciprocal of compressibility. That is the measure of compressibility.
Mathematically,

Other Properties of fluids

1. 2. 3. 4. 5. 6. 7. 8. 9. 10. Cloud point (Temp. at wax and dissolved solids get noticeable) Pour point (Temp. at which oil will congeal) Flash and Fire point Demulsibility (Resist of Emulsification) Oxidation stability Film strength, Oiliness and Lubricity Compatibility Volatility (ability to vapourize) Corrosiveness Neutralization Number
Number of milligram of potassium hydroxide required to neutralize all the acids present in one gram of the sample.

Required qualities of a GOOD Hydraulic Fluid

1. 2. 3. 4. 5. 6. Stable viscosity characteristics Good lubricity Compatibility with system components Good heat dissipation capacity High bulk modulus and degree of incompressibility Adequate low temperature properties (cloud point, pour point and freezing point) 7. Good flammability characteristics 8. Low volatility 9. Good demulsibility 10.Lower foaming tendency 11.Nontoxicity 12.Good oxidation stability 13.Better rust and corrosion prevention quality 14.Readily availability 15.Inexpensive

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