19181934.

YugoslavGendarmeLossesinClasheswithAlbanianandBulgarianBandits1918
1934

byVladanJovanovi

Source:
CurrentsofHistory(Tokoviistorije),issue:12/2007,pages:919,onwww.ceeol.com.

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323.1(=163.41/=163.42)1919/1923
323.1(415)1916/1923

Articles

19181934.1

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739, . .
Vladan Jovanovi, Jugoslovenska drava i Juna Srbija 19181929. Makedonija, Sandak,
Kosovo i Metohija u Kraljevini SHS, Beograd, 2002, str. 162.
, , , 2, , 1999,
. 695696, 739744.
, -4/3, . 58, . 1, . 1/12; . 2, . 1/91.
, 14-177-656, . 1117.

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12/2007.

1923.
25.000 , 40.000 10.800 .10 . , 1925.
21.000 ,
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35 ) 2.499 ,
, 19191934. 173
1.200 .12
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, 19181941,
1983, . 63; , 19181941,
, . 1, , 1961, . 81.
Mile Bjelajac, Vojska Kraljevine SHS/Jugoslavije 19221935, Beograd, 1994, str. 37.
A, 37-22-174, . 331, Summary of material outlay incurred for defence against komitadji raids
from 1919 to 1934; , . .
1932, . 1, 17. . , 21. 3. 1932, . 348; , XIX/. 78. 1932, . 329.
, . 108110, 3. 1. 1932, . 8;
, . . 1933/34, . 2, 18. . , 25. 3. 1934, .
218.
Pokrajinski arhiv Maribor, Ostavtina Antona Koroca, evid. br. 7-IV/15-1958 (14. 4. 1936).
. , , . 67.

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, 19191929.

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54.700 .19

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25.000
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Macedonia. Documents and Material, Sofia, 1979, str. 726; , . 57, 12. 2. 1933, . 5;
. 108, 10. 8. 1933, . 2.
AJ, 37-22-174, . 327; , . 128, 12. 10. 1933, . 6.
AJ, 14-194-716, . 203; 14-227-812, . 173.
, 4, , 2000, . 161162.
Macedonia. Documents and Material, p. 848/9.

13

12/2007.

742 , 50 6.344 132

55.068 !21
1922.
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ore Stankovi, Nacionalizam i politika kultura (istorijsko iskustvo prvih godina jugoslovenske drave), Tokovi istorije, br. 12, Beograd, 1993, str. 116.
, . 13316/104, , . 1;
, 55. . , 11. 10. 1923, . 1702.
Nikica Bari, O problemu nacionalnog sastava andarmerije nakon sporazuma CvetkoviMaek, Radovi, br. 3233, Filozofski fakultet Sveuilita u Zagrebu, Zagreb, 19992000, str.
182184.
AJ, 14-240-854, . 458.

14

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a 19191933.
YEAR

KACACI (individual brigands)

KOMITADJIS (bands)
KILLED
WOUNDED
KILLED
WOUNDED
Officers Men
Officers Men
Officers Men
Officers Men
1919
30
29
1920
2
77
55
6
1921
1
21
22
2
1922
18
11
1
16
4
1923
40
18
1
11
2
1924
1
56
19
30
11
1925
10
7
4
1
1926
12
3
2
1927
8
9
1
14
1928
5
4
1929
1
1
2
1930
1
2
1931
1
1
1932
1
1
1933
6
TOTAL 4
277
178
2
70
41
AJ, 37-22-174, l. 330, Losses in officers and men of the Corps of Gendarmerie

70 , 41
,
.
1924. ,
.25

1918. 1923.
600 .26 , -
1920. 1.666 ,
21. .27
25
26

27

. , . ., . 103.
, 3. . , 20. 6. 1923, .
273.
. , . , , . 750759.

15

12/2007.

300 1923.
3.000 !28
, 19291933.
. , .
151 78
524 , . 602 :

19291933.

1929.
1930.
1931.

27
25
31

27
26
14

6
10
3

143
116
117
1935, . 7475.

1932.
48
8
59
88

1933.
20
3
28
60

,

. , 19191927.
, 387 ,

755 .29
19181931. 736, 399 1.405 ,
66%! ,
,
100 , 13
! ,
11 816
.30
28
29
30

, . 13313/3, , . 13.
, . 12, 1929, . 3942.
, . 1112, 1932, . 598; . 912, , 1936, . 634.

16

...

670 .31
,
.32 ,

19191934. 467 185
, 253 288 .33
-
:
Year

Komitadji raids
and attacks

Officials killed
or wounded

Civilians killed
or wounded

Komitadjis
killed, wounded
or captured
1919
10
1
1
2
1920
17
9
4
7
1921
24
12
8
8
1922
41
26
38
21
1923
51
37
42
16
1924
74
38
42
79
1925
55
14
24
47
1926
23
7
20
9
1927
61
19
32
27
1928
10
3
7
1929
16
6
6
8
1930
13
7
33
1
1931
17
5
2
13
1932
18
1
1
3
1933
34
16
1934
3
4
TOTAL 467
185
253
268
AJ, 37-22-174, l. 326-327, Report of the results of Macedonian komitadji action

19211927. . 1930. ,
,
. ,
1935. . , 31
32

33

1930, . 7475.
Hugh Poulton, Macedonians and Albanians as Yugoslavs, Yugoslavism. Histories of a Failed
Idea 19181992, Ed. by Dejan Djoki, London, 2003, p. 118.
,
, , . 1, , 1972, . 56.

17

12/2007.

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, 1933.
(,
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150
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19141915. 19191934.
, . . 1:1,44!39 , ,
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34
35
36
37
28

29

AJ, 14-180-665, . 190.

AJ, 14-200-729, . 239.
, . 56, 1934, . 213.
, . 77, 23. 4. 1933, . 3; . 91, 11. 6. 1933, . 1; . 93, 18. 6. 1933, . 1.
, 19. . , 30. 1. 1924,
. 414/5.
1933, . 65. - 1914/15.
277 , 400 .

18

...

Summary
Yugoslav Gendarme Losses in Clashes with Albanian
and Bulgarian Bandits 19181934
Key words: Gendarmeries, Albanian bandits, Bulgarian bandits, the Kingdom of
Serbs, Croats and Slovenes, human losses
The text presents, on the basis of state documents a survey of human
losses of the gendarmerie of the Yugoslav kingdom in clashes with armed groups
of Albanian and Bulgarian bandits in the territory of Macedonia, Kosovo and
Metohija. When utilizing the accessible materials we could detect inconsistency
in presentation of the number of victims which was caused by the circumstances
under which the data were reported. Most often tables and data depended on
person, time and occasion the data were imparted. For that reason the final data
of the killed between 1918 and 1934 diverge greatly, ranging from 353 to 2.141.
Depending on motives, the number of the killed and wounded was often adduced
together, whereas in smaller number of cases distinction was made between the
gendarmes who had been killed and those who had died of natural causes. The
intriguing play of numbers and the impossibility to look into the losses of the
Army, blear the realistic picture of the results repression of the Albanian and
Bulgarian outlaws had yielded. This also limits to a great extent the evaluation
of the anti-terrorist actions. However, on the basis of the most frequent statistics
it is obvious that the number of the gendarmes who were killed in clashes with
the Albanian bandits started diminishing only from 1927 on, although officials
claimed the Albanian brigandage had been suppressed three years earlier. As for
the consequences of shoot-outs with Bulgarian bands, the number of the dead
started diminishing in 1928, despite the increase in the number of armed clashes.
With a clearer categorization of victims and historiographical treatment of the
phenomenon of the deceased (who made up 66% of the total gendarme losses!)
the effects of the unfinished struggle of the Yugoslav forces with the Albanian
guerilla and Bulgarian-Macedonian outlaw movement will be clearer too.

19