Domestic Cannabis Cultivation Assessment 2007

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U.S. Department of Justice
National Drug Intelligence Center

Product No. 2007-L0848-001 February 2007
Domestic Cannabis Cultivation Assessment 2007
This document may contain dated information. It has been made available to provide access to historical materials.
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Product No. 2007-L0848-001
Table of Contents
Purpose . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 1 Key Judgments . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 1 Overview . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 2 Primary Cannabis Cultivation Areas . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 2 Cannabis Cultivation Trends . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 5 Outdoor Cultivation . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 5 Indoor Cultivation . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 8 Violence, Countersurveillance, and Camouflage . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 10 Associated Environmental Damage . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 12 Eradication Estimates . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 13 Intelligence Gaps . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 14 Appendix A. Primary Cannabis Cultivation Regions . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 15 Western Region . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 15 California . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 15 Outdoor Planting and Harvesting . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 15 Primary Outdoor Cultivation Areas . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 15 Primary Indoor Cultivation Areas . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 16 Hawaii . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 18 Outdoor Planting and Harvesting . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 18 Primary Outdoor Cultivation Areas . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 18 Primary Indoor Cultivation Areas . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 18 Oregon . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 19 Outdoor Planting and Harvesting . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 19 Primary Outdoor Cultivation Areas . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 19 Primary Indoor Cultivation Areas . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 19 Washington . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 21 Outdoor Planting and Harvesting . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 21 Primary Outdoor Cultivation Areas . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 21 Primary Indoor Cultivation Areas . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 21 Appalachian Region . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 23 Kentucky . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 23 Outdoor Planting and Harvesting . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 23 Primary Outdoor Cultivation Areas . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 23 Indoor Cannabis Cultivation Areas . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 23 Tennessee . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 25 Outdoor Planting and Harvesting . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 25 Primary Outdoor Cultivation Areas . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 25 Primary Indoor Cultivation Areas . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 26 i
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West Virginia . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 27 Outdoor Planting and Harvesting . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 27 Primary Outdoor Cultivation Areas . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 27 Primary Indoor Cultivation Areas . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 27 Appendix B. Maps . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 29 Sources . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 113
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U.S. Department of Justice
Assessment
26 February 2007
Product No. 2007-L0848-001

Purpose
The Domestic Cannabis Cultivation Assessment 2007 is a national-level strategic assessment of cannabis cultivation and marijuana production in the United States. This assessment addresses major trends in domestic cannabis cultivation, both indoor and outdoor, with a focus on cannabis cultivation operations in primary areas of production at the state and county levels. This assessment addresses wide-ranging issues regarding cultivation operations, including planting and harvesting seasons; use or presence of weapons, booby traps, and countersurveillance; resultant environmental damage; and the operational trends of drug trafficking organizations and other criminal groups. This assessment draws upon reporting and data provided by the Office of National Drug Control Policy, the National Marijuana Initiative (see text box on page 2), and numerous federal, state, and local law enforcement agencies. Domestic outdoor cannabis cultivation by Mexican DTOs is most prevalent in remote and isolated areas of U.S. public and private lands, primarily in California, Oregon, and Washington. Mexican DTOs are expanding cannabis cultivation operations eastward, including into some areas east of the Mississippi River, such as North Carolina and Tennessee, in order to increase their role in domestic marijuana distribution and to be closer to eastern drug markets. Many Mexican criminal groups that have established grow sites in new areas of the country maintain direct contact and affiliation with larger DTOs in California and Mexico and maintain a level of coordination among operating areas, moving labor and materials to the various siteseven across the countryas needed. Indoor domestic cannabis cultivation is increasing as criminal groups attempt to avoid intensified outdoor eradication, reduce their risk of detection, and produce higher potency marijuana to increase their profits. Caucasian criminal groups are the predominant indoor producers of marijuana in the country; they are particularly active in the Appalachian Region. Domestic cannabis cultivation by Asian DTOs at indoor locations is increasing, a particular concern because many are wellorganized, Canada-based groups that produce and distribute high potency marijuana.
Key Judgments
Domestic cannabis cultivation has increased sharply since 2000 as more drug trafficking organizations (DTOs) relocate cannabis cultivation operations from Mexico and Canada to the United States. These DTOs are relocating to reduce the risk of marijuana seizure or loss during crossborder transport, gain direct access to local drug markets, and achieve higher profit margins for domestically produced marijuana, particularly higher-grade marijuana. 1
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National Marijuana Initiative The National Marijuana Initiative (NMI), funded by the Office of National Drug Control Policy (ONDCP), was established in 2001 to coordinate federal, state, and local agencies in areas that produce the largest amounts of marijuana in order to significantly reduce cannabis cultivation. The Initiative is specifically intended to foster partnerships among agencies in states where DTO operations impact federal lands. The NMI is designed to assist in the investigations of DTOs operating in the seven primary cannabis cultivation and marijuana production states (often referred to as the M7 states): California, Hawaii, Kentucky, Oregon, Tennessee, Washington, and West Virginia. The NMI supports law enforcement efforts in identifying the infrastructure of marijuana DTOs through expanded investigations and collection of intelligence in an attempt to disrupt and eventually dismantle the organizations.
Violent incidents by outdoor cannabis growers against law enforcement and the presence of weapons at outdoor grow sites are increasing, most likely because of increased law enforcement pressure and eradication. Rising law enforcement pressure although clearly a concern to cultivators as evidenced by increasing violence and weaponshas not yet stemmed the increase in domestic cannabis cultivation, either outdoors or indoors. Rather, DTOs are simply adapting their methods (relocating to new areas, changing their growing cycles, and growing higher potency plants both indoors and outdoors) in order to continue operating in the United States while maintaining their profits.
factors have contributed to a continued increase in domestic cannabis cultivation, an assertion seemingly supported by an overall increase in detection and eradication of outdoor cannabis during that time period (see Table 2 on page 3). Recent increases in domestic cannabis cultivation have been accompanied by improved cultivation techniques that produce higher potency marijuana, a practice that, if more widely used by DTOs, could significantly increase the prevalence of higher potency marijuana in the United States.
Primary Cannabis Cultivation Areas

According to national marijuana eradication data and law enforcement reporting, there are two primary outdoor cultivation regions in the United States: the Western Region, composed of California, Hawaii, Oregon, and Washington, and the Appalachian Region, composed of Kentucky, Tennessee, and West Virginia. Eradication data for 2006 show that 89 percent (5,262,065 of 5,901,880) of outdoor plants eradicated in the United States were eradicated in these seven states (see Table 3 on page 4, and Map 1 in Appendix B). These states consistently sustain high levels of outdoor cannabis cultivation because their climates are conducive to cannabis cultivation. As a result, cultivatorsespecially Mexican DTOs in the Western Region and Caucasian independent growers in the Appalachian Regionhave 2
Overview
Following September 11 and the resultant increased border security, law enforcement reporting indicates that DTOsprimarily Mexican but also Canada-based Asian DTOs (see Table 1 on page 3)had moved many of their cannabis cultivation operations into the United States in an attempt to reduce the risk of marijuana seizure during cross-border transport. Since then, however, DTOs have recognized additional benefits of domestic cannabis cultivation, such as direct access to local drug markets, which enable them to be more responsive to market demands, and higher profit margins for domestically grown marijuana. These
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Table 1. Primary Cultivators in Leading Cannabis-Growing Areas

Region State Kentucky Appalachian Region Tennessee West Virginia California Hawaii Western Region Oregon Washington Alabama Arizona Other Areas of Interest Florida Georgia North Carolina
NAnot applicable
Outdoor Caucasian DTOs, criminal groups, and independent growers Caucasian DTOs, criminal groups, and independent growers Caucasian DTOs, criminal groups, and independent growers Mexican DTOs and criminal groups Polynesian DTOs, Asian and Caucasian criminal groups Mexican DTOs and criminal groups Mexican DTOs and criminal groups Caucasian criminal groups and independent growers Mexican DTOs and criminal groups NA Caucasian criminal groups and independent growers Caucasian DTOs, criminal groups, and independent growers
Indoor Caucasian independent growers Caucasian independent growers Caucasian independent growers Asian and Caucasian DTOs and criminal groups Asian and Caucasian groups Asian and Caucasian DTOs and criminal groups Asian and Caucasian DTOs and criminal groups NA NA Caucasian and Cuban DTOs and criminal groups NA NA
Table 2. Domestic Cannabis Eradication, Outdoor and Indoor Plant Seizures, 20002006
2000 Outdoor Indoor Total 2,597,798 217,105 2,814,903 2001 3,068,632 236,128 3,304,760 2002 3,128,800 213,040 3,341,840 2003 3,427,923 223,183 3,651,106 2004 2,996,225 203,896 3,200,121 2005 3,938,151 270,935 4,209,086 2006 4,083,433 403,322 4,486,755
Source: Domestic Cannabis Eradication/Suppression Program.
established long-standing, entrenched growing operations. Other areas of increasing significance with regard to cannabis cultivation include Alabama, Arizona, Georgia, 3
and North Carolina; these areas have recently experienced significant increases in outdoor cultivation.
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Table 3. Outdoor Cannabis Plants Eradicated in Primary Outdoor Production States 20052006
State
California Kentucky Tennessee Hawaii Oregon Washington West Virginia Seven-State Total National Total
Table 4. Indoor Cannabis Plants Eradicated in Primary Indoor Production States 20052006
State
California Washington Florida Hawaii New Hampshire Five-State Total National Total
2005
2,914,193 734,351 462,904 251,163 84,493 137,319 56,758 4,641,181 5,546,509
2006
3,674,069 557,628 483,231 188,742 187,548 115,459 55,388 5,262,065 5,901,880
Percent of Change
+26.1 -24.1 +4.4 -24.9 +122.0 -15.9 -2.4 +13.4 +6.4
2005
107,047 32,936 45,217 3,950 304 189,454 270,935
2006
203,559 43,416 36,172 12,358 11,085 306,590 403,322
Percent of Change
+90.2 +31.8 -20.0 +212.9 +3,546.4 +61.8 +48.9
Source: Domestic Cannabis Eradication/Suppression Program; U.S. Department of the Interior; U.S. Department of Agriculture Forest Service.
Source: Domestic Cannabis Eradication/Suppression program; U.S. Department of the Interior; U.S. Department of Agriculture Forest Service.
Table 5. Total Cannabis Plants Eradicated in Primary Production States, 20052006

State
California Kentucky Tennessee Hawaii Oregon Washington West Virginia Seven-State Total National Total
Indoor cannabis cultivation appears to be most pervasive in western states, primarily in California and Washington (see Table 4, and Map 2 in Appendix B). Eradication data for 2006 indicate that 61 percent (246,975 of 403,322) of indoor plants eradicated nationally were eradicated in California and Washington alone. Cannabis is cultivated by a variety of growers, including Caucasian criminal groups and independent dealers; however, cultivation by Canada-based Asian DTOs is increasing significantly. Law enforcement reporting indicates exceptionally high levels of cannabis cultivation (indoor and outdoor combined) in California, Kentucky, Tennessee, Hawaii, Oregon, Washington, and West Virginia. Total cannabis eradication suggests that these seven states constitute the most significant cannabis cultivation states overall (see Table 5, and Map 3 in Appendix B).
2005
2006
Percent of Change
+28.3 -24.2 +4.3 -21.2 +111.8 -6.7 0.0 +15.3 +8.4
3,021,240 3,877,628 736,991 463,557 255,113 91,829 170,255 57,600 558,756 483,342 201,100 194,453 158,875 57,582
4,796,585 5,531,736 5,817,444 6,305,202
Source: Domestic Cannabis Eradication/Suppression Program; U.S. Department of the Interior; U.S. Department of Agriculture Forest Service.
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Cannabis Cultivation Trends

Outdoor Cultivation Some Mexican DTOs are shifting cannabis cultivation away from intense eradication areaseven into eastern statesa shift that may enable these DTOs to further increase domestic cannabis cultivation. Mexican DTOs are relocating some of their operations to locations north and east of their principal operating areas in California, seemingly to avoid improved aerial detection and eradication in the state. This move will enable them to increase cultivation in remote areas that have never been cultivated. In 1999 Mexican DTOs began relocating some of their operations from northern California into Oregon, Washington, and central Idaho. In 2003 Mexican DTOs established more cannabis grow sites in Idaho and in areas east of the Mississippi River, such as remote areas of Arkansas and Georgia. Recently, these groups have established outdoor grow sites in other areas of Arizona and in western North Carolina and eastern Tennessee. Mexican cannabis growers operating large-scale grows east of the Mississippi River are increasingly being linked to Mexican DTOs operating in California and Mexico, suggesting a coordinated effort with respect to domestic cannabis cultivation by Mexican DTOs that now spans the United
States. Many of these groups maintain direct contact and affiliation with larger DTOs in California and Mexico and maintain a level of coordination among operating areas, moving labor and materials to the various siteseven across the countryas needed. Mexican DTOs extensive use of public lands for cannabis cultivation is increasing, even in areas that generally are not considered conducive to planting and growing cannabis. Mexican DTOs commonly grow cannabis in remote areas of public lands, where there is limited law enforcement presence. The occurrence of cannabis cultivation on public lands has increased significantly over the past several years, largely the result of increased domestic cultivation operations by Mexican DTOs. In 2005 cannabis cultivation on National Forest System (NFS) lands nationwide rose sharply, reaching the highest levels ever observed by law enforcementa 49.6 percent increase from 744,276 plants eradicated in 2004 to 1,113,446 plants in 2005. This trend continued in 2006 as eradication rose an additional 26 percent between 2005 and 2006 (1,403,023). More cannabis plants were eradicated in national forests in California than in any other state nationwide in 2006 (1,133,563, or 81 percent of total NFS eradications), with
Cannabis Cultivation in Arizona: An Increasing Concern Elevated cannabis cultivation and eradication totals in Arizona in 2005 were somewhat surprising to some law enforcement officials because of the large amounts of Mexican marijuana available within the state. According to the Drug Enforcement Administration (DEA) and the Arizona High Intensity Drug Trafficking Area (HIDTA), law enforcement authorities are continuing to see an influx of cannabis cultivation operations in the state. In 2005 law enforcement authorities seized 115,215 plants from seven sites in the Coconino and Tonto Forests, according to NFS data. As of November 30, 2006, approximately 21 cannabis cultivation operations and a total of 72,549 plants were eradicated from Arizona national forests. Moreover, according to the U.S. Department of Agriculture (USDA) Forest Service, approximately 12 of these sites were tended by Mexican foreign nationals. Despite the apparent decline in the number of plants seized between 2005 and 2006, the number of sites eradicated increased, and the area in which operations were eradicated expanded to cover three national forests (see Maps 4 and 5 in Appendix B). NFS data indicate that in 2006, 21 cultivation sites were eradicated in national forests in Arizona: 17 in Tonto, 2 in Prescott, and 2 in Coconino.
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most plants eradicated within the mountainous areas of Mendocino National Forest of northern California (405,399), followed by San Bernardino National Forest (157,994). NFS also reports significant cannabis eradication in national forests beyond California, specifically in Daniel Boone National Forest in Kentucky (148,828); and in Tonto National Forest in Arizona (65,947). No Mexican DTO activity has been reported in Kentucky (see Table 6, and Map 6 in Appendix B). Following consecutive annual record-level eradication since 2004, some cultivators who previously limited their operations to areas with optimal weather, elevation, and slope characteristics have relocated to areas where growing conditions are less conducive to cannabis cultivation. For example, Department of the Interior (DOI) officials report that some cultivators are relocating from coastal areas that are wellsuited for growing to Californias inland foothills and more arid areas, planting under lowcover brush such as chaparral. Cultivators are also relocating to other nonconducive growing areas outside of California, including eastern Oregon, eastern Washington, eastern Idaho, and the western slope of the Rocky Mountains. Despite relocating to nontraditional growing areas, cultivators must maintain access to a water source. For instance, law enforcement reporting from San Bernardino County, California, indicates that a several-thousand-plant grow was found covering nearly 2 square miles after officials responded to a wildfire in Little Morongo Canyon. Although this area is particularly arid, the grow site was within a mile of a natural spring. Law enforcement officials expect that grow sites will continue to be established by cultivators at remote sites in nontypical growing areas as eradication efforts continue in traditional growing areas.
Table 6. Top 10 National Forests for Eradication of Cannabis Plants on National Forest System Lands, 2006
National Forest 1. Mendocino 2. San Bernardino 3. Daniel Boone 4. Shasta-Trinity 5. Sequoia 6. Los Padres 7. Tonto 8. Stanislaus 9. Sierra 10. Plumas State California California Kentucky California California California Arizona California California California Total Plants Eradicated 405,399 157,994 148,828 118,797 89,585 80,796 65,947 65,072 60,866 55,673
Source: U.S. Department of Agriculture Forest Service.
Mexican DTOs in California are producing higher potency marijuana from cannabis cultivated in some large outdoor grow sites, the result of improved cultivation techniques. In 2006 law enforcement reporting from several agencies revealed that some Mexican DTOs that had previously produced marijuana with average THC (delta-9-tetrahydrocannabinol) levels of 2 or 3 percent from outdoor cultivated cannabis began achieving 8 to 12 percent THC levels by applying growing methods typically used by indoor growers of high potency cannabis. These DTOs typically use only select seeds from Mexico, prepare the seedlings in greenhouses, plant the seedlings outdoors before late April, separate male from female plants prior to pollination, and use high-nitrogen fertilizer. Moreover, these DTOs are increasingly using cloned starter plants (see text box), irrigation systems composed of black polyethylene (also known as PVC) drip lines extending to each plant, and pesticides. The higher potency marijuana produced from outdoor plants in California often is comparable in quality to 6
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U.S. Public Lands U.S. Department of the Interior The DOI is the primary conservation agency in the United States and manages 525 million acres of land (23 percent of the land in the country), including 523 miles along the 3,987-mile U.S. Canada border and 782 miles along the 1,952-mile U.S.Mexico border. The DOI comprises five bureaus with law enforcement authoritythe Bureau of Land Management (BLM), National Park Service (NPS), Fish and Wildlife Service (FWS), Bureau of Indian Affairs (BIA), and Bureau of Reclamation (BOR). Indian reservations are federal lands held in trust for the Indian Nations. U.S. Department of Agriculture National Forest System National Forest System lands, managed by the U.S. Department of Agriculture Forest Service, consist of 191.6 million acres of federally owned reserves composed of 155 national forests and 22 national grasslands in 42 states and Puerto Rico. NFS lands adjoin approximately 700 miles of the U.S.Canada border and nearly 60 miles of the U.S.Mexico border. Cloned Starter Plants Cloned starter plants enable cannabis cultivators to select higher quality plants and avoid male/female pollination, thereby raising potential THC content. Cloning a cannabis plant is accomplished by simply taking a cutting of a select plant, allowing the cutting to sprout roots, and then planting it as a seedling, thereby creating a plant of the same genetic makeup as the parent plant. The use of clones also ensures that the plants will be well-established with a root system when planted, thereby increasing the chance of a successful maturation process. Cloned starter plants are increasingly being grown in California and Oregon and, to a lesser extent, in Appalachian states, including Kentucky and Tennessee.
Canada-produced BC Bud1 and commands twice the price of commercial-grade Mexican marijuana available in the region. Although data regarding the number of eradicated, higher potency outdoor grow sites are not available, this practice still appears to be limited but is likely to increase as other Mexican DTOs and U.S. Caucasian cannabis growers adopt these methods. Outdoor cannabis cultivators are adapting their cultivation and harvesting methods in order to maximize profits and reduce the risk of eradication. In 2006 law enforcement officials in several areas of the country, particularly California and Tennessee, reported that cultivators were changing their cultivation process from a single planting to two-crop plantings
with shortened growing cycles. Cultivators achieve two growing cycles by planting specific cannabis strains that mature faster or by planting seedlings earlier in the spring. Cultivators in California, for example, are planting cannabis that buds earlier than most varieties and matures as early as June or July. Cannabis that is cultivated in the spring is harvested in early July, and the plot is replanted, allowing for an additional harvest in September or October. Additionally, law enforcement officials have reported that cultivators are harvesting as many plants as practical, including marginally mature plants, immediately prior to the height of eradication season or before eradication efforts move into the area, in order to avoid the risk of an entire crop seizure (see Figure 1 on page 8).
1. BC Bud, which originally referred to sinsemilla grown in British Columbia, has become synonymous with highgrade marijuana from Canada. The THC (delta-9-tetrahydrocannabinol) content of BC Bud ranges from an average of 10 to 15 percent but can be as high as 30 percent.
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areas of Appalachia have increased in recent years; however, cultivation also appears to be increasing as cultivators relocate to areas where eradication efforts are less intense. Indoor Cultivation Domestic indoor cannabis cultivation is increasing in some areas of the country as growers attempt to avoid outdoor eradication and attain higher profits through production of indoor-grown, high potency marijuana. According to law enforcement reporting, vigorous outdoor cannabis eradication has caused many marijuana producers in areas of California and Tennessee to relocate indoors where production is more concealed (see text box titled Indoor Grow Sites on page 9). In addition to a reduced risk of detection, indoor cannabis cultivators benefit from higher profits because cultivation is a year-round process with four to six harvests per year and controlled conditions that enable growers to produce high quality marijuana that commands higher prices in most drug markets. For example, according to drug price data from the National Drug Intelligence Center (NDIC) December 2006 National Illicit Drug Prices, domestic midgrade marijuana grown outdoors in Los Angeles sold for $700 to $750 per pound, whereas high potency marijuana sold for $2,500 to $6,000 per pound. This price difference is common in drug markets throughout the country. These factors have contributed to the sharp increase in indoor cultivation reported by law enforcement, evidenced by a 71 percent increase in indoor plant eradication from 2001 (236,128 plants) to 2006 (403,322 plants). Moreover, the number of indoor sites seized increased 38 percent from 2001 (2,379 sites) to 2006 (3,286 sites). Many Canada-based Asian DTOs that cultivate cannabis at indoor grow sites are relocating from Canada to the United States. Canada-based Asian groups (primarily ethnic Vietnamese and Chinese groups) are operating 8
NDIC
Figure 1. Crop harvested prior to eradication efforts in Napa County, California, September 2006.
Outdoor cannabis cultivation by Caucasian criminal groups in western states is relatively low compared with that of Mexican DTOs; however, cultivation by Caucasian growers in Appalachian states is high and may be increasing. While Mexican DTOs dominate cannabis cultivation in western states, Caucasian criminal groups and independent growers control most cannabis cultivation in the Appalachian Region. Most of the criminal groups operating grow sites in Kentucky, Tennessee, and West Virginia are typically composed of three to eight Caucasian males who are related along family lines. In fact, many of these family-based groups have been involved in marijuana cultivation and trafficking for decades, spanning several generations. Moreover, cannabis cultivation by Caucasian growers is often accepted by the local populace as a means for supplementing incomes in economically depressed Appalachian communities. Eradication efforts in many
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Indoor Grow Sites Indoor cultivation sites range from a single closet to entire houses or buildings that are converted into sophisticated grow operations. Indoor cannabis cultivators frequently employ advanced agricultural practices such as plant cloning; hydroponics; automatic light metering, irrigation, and fertilizing; and refined insecticides to enhance the rate of growth. Hydroponics is a particularly effective cultivation method, especially at indoor locations; however, it is not always preferred by growers over traditional soil cultivation. In fact, law enforcement reporting indicates that soil cultivation is preferred over hydroponics by some groups, including Asian DTOs operating indoor grows in Washington and Cuban DTOs operating indoor grows in southern Florida.
harvesting only four to six high potency crops. In many instances, these DTOs spend thousands of dollars to modify and equip their indoor grow sites. For example, Asian DTOs purchase and install advanced hydroponic growing equipment such as grow lights, automatically timed watering and fertilizing systems, and exhaust systems with large charcoal HEPA filters. Sophisticated operations often bypass electric meters, thereby eliminating high-energy usage readings, large electricity bills, and possible law enforcement scrutiny.
Seizure of Asian Indoor Grow Operations in Elk Grove, California On August 29, 2006, law enforcement authorities reported that over 10,000 marijuana plants were seized from 14 Elk Grove, California, area residences as part of an investigation into Asian DTO-operated indoor marijuana growing operations in the San Francisco Bay area. According to DEA, the electricity to each home had been rewired to bypass the electric meter, thereby creating a significant fire hazard (see Figure 2 on page 10).
an increasing number of indoor grow sites within the United States, predominantly in the Pacific Northwest and throughout much of California. However, indoor grow sites are emerging in northeastern states, including those in New England. To this end, preliminary law enforcement reporting suggests that some of the Asian-operated indoor grows in New England are linked to Asian organizations based in Canada. The emergence of Asian-operated indoor grows in northeastern states parallels the recent appearance of grow sites controlled by Asian DTOs in eastern Canada (Ontario and Quebec) reported by the Royal Canadian Mounted Police (RCMP) Asian-operated grow sites typically have been located in western Canada (British Colombia). The extent of this activity has been difficult for law enforcement to establish, since most Asian DTOs that cultivate cannabis in the United States are tight-knit, family-based groups that are difficult to infiltrate. Asian DTOs often conceal their indoor operations by purchasing or renting houses, modifying the structure for the purpose of cultivating high-grade cannabis, and quickly abandoning the premises after 9
Cannabis cultivation in Florida has increased dramatically in recent years, led by an increasing number of indoor grow sites operated by Cuban DTOs and criminal organizations. Indoor cannabis cultivation occurs in many counties throughout Florida (see Map 7 in Appendix B) and greatly exceeds that of outdoor cultivation in Florida, according to the Florida Department of Law Enforcement (FDLE). The predominance of indoor grows in Florida is evidenced by the number of indoor seizures (36,172 plants) compared with outdoor seizures (10,354 plants) in 2006 (see Table 7 on page 10). The FDLE further reports that the number of indoor cannabis grows operated by Cuban organizations in South Florida has increased sharply and is the leading cause of the increase in indoor grow seizures between 2001 (210) and 2006 (384). Cuban organizations
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City of Elk Grove, California, Police Department
Figure 2. Hazardous electrical diversion in an Elk Grove, California, indoor cannabis grow site.
Table 7. Number of Cannabis Plants Eradicated in Florida at Indoor and Outdoor Grow Sites, 20012006
2001 Indoor Outdoor Total 15,151 13,055 28,206 2002 19,506 18,348 37,854 2003 21,442 16,302 37,744 2004 21,879 6,127 28,006 2005 45,217 29,646 74,863 2006 36,172 10,354 46,526
reportedly operate indoor grows throughout Broward, Collier, Hendry, Miami-Dade, Palm Beach, and St. Lucie Counties in Florida. Cuban-operated indoor grows are not highly sophisticated but are somewhat advanced, often utilizing partial residence grows, single-room air conditioners or multiple air conditioningunits concealed behind fences, and insulated walls and windows designed to conceal the heat signature produced by grow lights.
protected by potentially life-threatening booby traps. These operations pose a particular threat to unwitting visitors, hunters, and hikers who often enter the remote areas where grow sites are located and are confrontedand sometimes fired uponby armed guards. Cannabis growers, particularly Mexican DTOs in California and Washington, are becoming more aggressive in protecting cultivation sites. Since 2003 the number of armed encounters between law enforcement officers and cannabis grow-site operators in California and Washington has significantly increased. Cannabis cultivators are employing armed guards who are strategically stationed at elevations above the grow site in order to detect approaching law enforcement scoutsusually one or two officers scouting remote areas for grow sites. Over the past 3 years these guards, 10
Violence, Countersurveillance, and Camouflage

Cannabis cultivation operations are deliberately located by growers in remote areas of public and private lands to lessen the chance of discovery from passersby or law enforcement. These sites are often concealed by camouflage and protected by armed guards conducting countersurveillance. Some sites are also
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armed with weapons ranging from pellet guns to assault rifles, have increasingly engaged law enforcement officials in armed standoffs and, on several occasions, have exchanged gunfire with law enforcement scouts. These guards attempt to repel the patrols long enough for crop tenders to harvest as much of the cannabis as possible before a larger law enforcement contingent returns to eradicate the site. According to law enforcement officials, armed individuals are increasingly protecting cannabis crops because of their high value, increased competition with other growers, and increasing eradication pressure, and because many crop tenders, who are illegal aliens, must harvest the crop as payment to a Mexican DTO for their entry into the United States. Armed encounters between grow-site operators and private citizens reportedly are infrequent; however, the likelihood of such encounters is increasing, particularly since DTOs are establishing more outdoor grow sites on public lands, including national parks and game lands, especially in northern California. One such confrontation occurred in October 2006, when a man hunting in a remote location within the Mendocino National Forest was fired upon by four individuals after he inadvertently approached the edge of a cannabis grow site. Additionally, in June 2006, two individuals near a grow site in a remote area north of Covelo, California, were shot and killed. The use of unattended booby traps by Mexican DTOs at large outdoor cultivation operations in western states has decreased over the past several yearsarmed guards are now preferred. Until the mid- to late 1990s, Mexican DTOs frequently protected outdoor cannabis grow sites from intrusion with potentially lethal booby traps. Typical booby traps included fishhooks strung from trees, rat traps configured with shot gun shells designed to discharge when tripped, trip lines, and animal traps. Since the late 1990s, however, cultivators have increasingly employed armed guards, and at larger plots they often employ 11
several additional individuals (typically two who tend the site on a rotating basis). As a result, law enforcement officials are encountering fewer booby-trapped sites. However, unlike law enforcement officials in western states, the Kentucky State Police (KSP) reported an increase in booby trap use in smaller, usually unattended, outdoor cannabis plots in 2006. Growers in Kentucky, predominantly Caucasian independent growers, use a variety of booby traps, including punji sticks (see Figure 3)which may be camouflaged by leaves and brush or incorporated into pits and explosive devices to reduce the risk of crop theft.
U.S. Department of Agriculture Forest Service
Figure 3. Punji stick boards seized from cannabis cultivation operations in Kentucky, 2006.
The use of camouflage and countersurveillance by outdoor cannabis cultivators is common and often effective. Law enforcement reporting from leading cultivation states, including California, Kentucky, and Oregon, indicates that grow-site operators commonly camouflage marijuana crops by planting cannabis under tree canopies to conceal the crop from aerial surveillance. Some cultivators also camouflage their crops by commingling cannabis with legitimate crops. Tents and equipment used by plot tenders also are often camouflaged with netting or painted in camouflage colors and patterns. To further evade detection, cultivators often employ methods of countersurveillance to monitor activity in their
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area. The plot tenders most common method of countersurveillance is simply patrolling a grow site to observe any human activity. Additionally, the Oregon Department of Justice reports that some plot tenders in that state are beginning to sweep trails leading to grow sites free from signs of foot traffic; they later check trails for footprints as a method of monitoring movement in the area.
erosion. The cost of restoring land damaged by such outdoor cultivation is significant; the National Park Service estimates that for every acre of forest planted with marijuana, 10 acres are damaged, and further, the cost to repair and restore an outdoor cultivation site is approximately $11,000 per acre. Outdoor cannabis cultivators are diverting streams and creeks for irrigation, sometimes draining natural streams and wetlands. Outdoor cannabis plots typically are irrigated with intricate watering systems. Cultivators often dam up streams and redirect the water through plastic gravity-fed irrigation tubing to supply water to individual plants (see Figure 5 on page 13). Average size marijuana plotsapproximately 1,000 plantsrequire up to 5,000 gallons of water daily. This high demand for water often strains small streams and damages downstream vegetation that depends on consistent water flow. For example, on October 4, 2006, law enforcement authorities eradicated a 1,200plant cultivation operation in San Ramon, Contra Costa County after Park Rangers were alerted that water was no longer running in a nearby mountain stream. Cultivators had diverted the stream, building a reservoir for crop irrigation.
Associated Environmental Damage

Outdoor cannabis cultivation, particularly on public lands, is causing increasing environmental damage. Outdoor cannabis cultivation poses significant environmental concerns for law enforcement and other public agencies. Grow site operators often contaminate and alter watersheds; divert natural water courses; clearcut native vegetation; poach protected wildlife; discard garbage, nonbiodegradable materials, and human waste at deserted sites; and create wildfire hazards. Moreover, the National Parks Conservation Association (NPCA) reports that while preparing land for cannabis cultivation, growers commonly clear the forest understory, which allows nonnative plants to supplant native ones, adversely affecting the eco-system. They also terrace the landespecially in mountainous areaswhich results in rapid
Dangerous Poisons From Mexico Polluting California National Forests According to NFS and California Bureau of Narcotics Enforcement Campaign Against Marijuana Planting (CAMP), law enforcement officials are increasingly encountering dumpsites of highly toxic insecticides, chemical repellants, and poisons (see Figure 4 on page 13) that are produced in Mexico, purchased by Mexican criminal groups, and transported into the country for use at their cannabis grow sites. Although similar chemicals could be purchased in the United States, many Mexican DTOs are simply using Mexican chemicals rather than purchasing bulk quantities locally, which could alert law enforcement to their cultivation operations. Cultivators apply insecticides directly to plants to protect them from insect damage. Chemical repellants and poisons are applied at the base of the cannabis plants and around the perimeter of the grow site to ward off or kill rats, deer, and other animals that could cause crop damage. These toxic chemicals enter and contaminate ground water, pollute watersheds, kill fish and other wildlife, and eventually enter residential water supplies.
Source: U.S. Department of Agriculture Forest Service; Environmental Protection Agency.
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Figure 4. Toxic insecticide bottle found Figure 5. Reservoir used in a cannabis cultivation operation in at a cannabis cultivation operation in the Shasta-Trinity National Forest in 2006. California, 2006.
Eradication Estimates
Precise estimates regarding the number of cannabis plants not eradicated during the most recent eradication season are not feasible, owing to many factors. The amount of marijuana cultivated in the primary states and counties is determined by three factors that are used to calculate the quantity of marijuana available in the United States: domestic cannabis eradication totals, cannabis plant yield estimates, and the effectiveness of cannabis eradication. Estimates vary greatly with respect to each of these critical factors. Therefore, a true and accurate point estimate of the amount of cannabis not eradicated within the primary cultivation states is not possible. Although a precise estimate of cannabis not eradicated is not possible, general estimates can be made and ranges calculated using available eradication data. For example, in the model in Table 8 on page 14,2 the total number of plants eradicated is derived by adding the estimated number of eradicated plants reported by
Domestic Cannabis Eradication/Suppression Program (DCE/SP), Forest Service, and DOI. According to these sources, an estimated 6.3 million plants were eradicated in 2006. Assuming a plant yield of 1 pound per plant (448 grams), approximately 2,825 metric tons of potential marijuana were destroyed through domestic cannabis eradication in 2006. Law enforcement reporting indicates that eradication programs destroyed 30 to 50 percent of cannabis plants during the 2006 season. Based on these estimates and assumptions, between 2,825 and 6,592 metric tons of marijuana were not destroyed during 2006 (see Table 8 on page 14). Combining known eradication statistics with estimates of cannabis not eradicated results in an estimate of total potential domestic cannabis cultivation ranging from 5,650 metric tons to 9,417 metric tons.
2. This model was adapted from the Marijuana Availability Model used by the Drug Availability Steering Committee.
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Table 8. Estimated Number of Cannabis Plants Not Eradicated, 2006

Cannabis Plants Eradicated, 2006 (mt) DCE/SP USFS/DOI Total Eradication Rate=> Potential Marijuana Not Eradicated (mt) 4,486,755 1,818,447 6,305,202 30% 6,592 (70%) 40% 4,236 (60%) Potential Marijuana Eradicated (mt) 2,010 815 2,825 50% 2,825 (50%)
Intelligence Gaps
Law enforcement efforts over the past several years have provided significant insight into the nature and extent of cannabis cultivation and marijuana production in the United States. However, intelligence gaps do exist, primarily: The extent of DTO and criminal group involvement in the Appalachian region is unknown because cannabis cultivation is largely rooted in generations of families within insular communities. Eradication statistics are underreported in some areas because no requirements exist for such reporting. Some counties do not have agreements with DCE/SP, and therefore eradication totals are not recorded to the DCE/SP program.
Mexican DTO involvement in outdoor cannabis cultivation operations is significant; however, determining the extent of their involvement in many areas of the country is difficult because law enforcement resources are insufficient to fully investigate these groups. Limited information as to the domestic cannabis cultivation operations of Asian DTOs and criminal groupsa result of the insular nature of the communities degrades accurate analysis as to the full extent of their operations in the United States.
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Appendix A. Primary Cannabis Cultivation Regions

The following section addresses primary cannabis cultivation areas, planting and harvesting seasons, organizations involved, and major trends and developments in outdoor and indoor cannabis cultivation operations in each primary cultivation state. The primary cannabis cultivation areas are located in two distinct regions: western states and Appalachia. Because many cultivation trends are consistent among states within these unique regions, the summaries of each primary cultivation state are grouped by region.
Western Region
California Cannabis cultivation and marijuana production operations are extensive throughout California, particularly in northern California. Outdoor cannabis cultivation is increasing dramatically in the northern region of the state, primarily because of expanded cultivation by Mexican DTOs; as a result, the area is becoming one of the most significant outdoor cannabis grow areas in the state. Indoor cannabis cultivation also appears to be increasing. The increase is primarily attributed to the demand for higher potency marijuana. However, some law enforcement officials in California report that the increase is partly the result of California Proposition 215 (commonly referred to as the medical marijuana law), which has negatively impacted marijuana-related prosecutions, resulting in a perception among many indoor growers that law enforcement is reluctant to seize plants or arrest growers.
Outdoor Planting and Harvesting
California Cultivation Statistics

Primary cultivation area: Entire state Top five cultivation counties: Lake, Shasta, Mendocino, San Diego, Riverside 2006* Total plants eradicated: 3,846,017 Total outdoor plants eradicated: 3,668,744 Total indoor plants eradicated: 177,273 2005 Total cannabis plants eradicated: 3,021,240
*County-level data represent January through November 2006 and include reporting from the Domestic Cannabis Eradication/Suppression Program, U.S. Department of the Interior, and U.S. Department of Agriculture Forest Service.
The primary cannabis planting, growing, and harvesting seasons for southern, central, and northern California are similar and typically occur from April through October. Cannabis seeds or seedlings are planted in spring, usually in April or May, and tended through the summer; they reach plant maturity in September or October. However, this time frame can differ if cultivators plant early by operating cannabis seed beds in an indoor operation for subsequent seedling transfer to outdoor gardens as soon as the threat of frost has passed. Moreover, law enforcement officials have reported a relatively new trend in which cultivators are harvesting the crop or the bud from the plants as early as July to maximize profits and avoid possible loss through law enforcement seizure during late season eradication operations.
Primary Outdoor Cultivation Areas
Outdoor cannabis cultivation operations, once concentrated in central and southern California, are becoming increasingly prevalent in the remote regions of northern California, particularly in Lake, Shasta, and Mendocino Counties. Eradication data indicate that between 2005 and 2006, increases in eradication in northern California counties overshadowed moderate increases occurring in southern
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Campaign Against Marijuana Planting (CAMP) CAMP is a multiagency law enforcement task force managed by the California Department of Justice, Bureau of Narcotics Enforcement, and composed of local, state and federal agencies. CAMP agents are broken into five teams covering northern, central, and southern California regions. CAMP members are assisted in their eradication efforts by the U.S. Drug Enforcement Administration, the U.S. Bureau of Land Management, the U.S. Department of Agriculture Forest Service, the California National Guard, the California Department of Fish and Game, the California State Parks, and dozens of county sheriff agencies and local police departments.
counties. Outdoor cannabis eradication in northern California appears to be most prevalent in the following adjacent counties: Butte, Colusa, Glenn, Humboldt, Lake, Lassen, Mendocino, Placer, Plumas, Shasta, Siskiyou, Solano, Sonoma, Tehama, Trinity, Yolo, and Yuba (see Table 9 on page 17). This increase is attributed primarily to Mexican DTOs expanding operations northward into more remote areas of national forests and private lands, particularly mountainous areas, to avoid law enforcement detection and discovery through aerial surveillance. However, counties in southern California, primarily San Diego County, but also Riverside, Santa Barbara, and Ventura Counties posted significant increases in cannabis eradication in 2006, albeit less than northern counties (see Maps 8, 9, and 10 in Appendix B).
Primary Indoor Cultivation Areas
Indoor cultivation operations in California dramatically increased over the past several years, as a result of increased law enforcement pressure on outdoor cultivation, successes in aerial eradication, and improved technology for detecting outdoor grows. Indoor operations are generally conducted by Caucasian independent growers, typically males between the ages of 25 and 35, generally cultivating an average of 200 to 300 plants per cultivation cycle. Significant quantities of cannabis plantsprimarily from Caucasian-operated indoor growswere seized in Humboldt, Alameda, Mendocino, Sacramento, and San Francisco Counties in the first 11 months of 2006 (see Table 10 on page 17). Additionally, law enforcement reporting indicates a continuing trend of typically larger, multithousand-plant indoor grows operating in Humboldt County contributing to a rise in overall eradication. In fact, DCE/SP data indicate that Humboldt County had the highest reported number of indoor plants eradicated between January and November 2006 (31,508), increasing 19 percent from 26,411 plants in 2005 (see Maps 11 and 12 in Appendix B). Although Caucasian criminal groups and independent dealers are the primary indoor cultivators in the state of California, law enforcement reporting indicates that Asian DTOs and criminal organizations are increasingly cultivating the drug indoors in several areas of the state. Asian organizations have been identified in central and northern Californiaspecifically the San Francisco Bay area. For example, an Asian organization was recently discovered operating indoor grow sites in 41 residences in the Sacramento and Stockton, California, areas. These indoor operations were typically located in residential housing within suburban neighborhoods in which entire houses had been converted into highly sophisticated cultivation operations.
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Table 9. Number of Outdoor Cannabis Plants Eradicated Top 10 Counties in California, 2006*
County 1. Lake 2. Shasta 3. San Diego 4. Mendocino 5. Riverside 6. Tehama 7. Fresno 8. San Bernardino 9. Tuolumne 10. Santa Clara Outdoor Cannabis Eradicated 346,415 264,287 241,449 239,076 210,005 191,863 172,075 136,595 126,706 125,947
Source: Domestic Cannabis Eradication/Suppression Program; U.S. Department of the Interior; U.S. Department of Agriculture Forest Service. *Data for 2006 represent January through November 2006.
Table 10. Number of Indoor Cannabis Plants Eradicated Top 10 Counties in California, 2006*
County 1. Humboldt 2. Alameda 3. Mendocino 4. Sacramento 5. San Francisco 6. San Diego 7. Sonoma 8. San Mateo 9. San Luis Obispo 10. San Joaquin Indoor Cannabis Eradicated 31,508 29,428 17,443 16,901 12,745 10,849 9,080 7,980 7,499 6,100
Source: Domestic Cannabis Eradication/Suppression Program. *Data for 2006 represent January through November 2006.
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Hawaii Hawaii has long been a primary source area for high potency marijuana; however, law enforcement pressure and increased interdiction efforts have led to a slight decline in overall marijuana production in the state in recent years. Despite increased law enforcement focus, local and Polynesian DTOs, Asian and Caucasian groups, and independent dealers continue to cultivate cannabis, primarily on the island of Hawaii.
Hawaii Cultivation Statistics

Primary cultivation areas: Hawaii and Maui Counties Top two cultivation counties: Hawaii and Maui 2006* Total plants eradicated: 187,707 Total outdoor plants eradicated: 175,730 Total indoor plants eradicated: 11,977 2005 Total cannabis plants eradicated: 255,113
*County-level data represent January through November 2006 and include reporting from the Domestic Cannabis Eradication/Suppression Program, U.S. Department of the Interior, and U.S. Department of Agriculture Forest Service.
Because of the tropical climate in the Hawaiian Islands, cannabis is planted and harvested yearround. The suitable climate combined with nutrientrich soils provides optimal cultivation conditions for growers to plant and harvest marijuana at any time of the year. As a result, no distinct planting or harvesting seasons exist.
Despite considerable decreases in outdoor cannabis eradication rates in Hawaii since 2001, the state consistently ranks among the top four states for the amount of cannabis eradicated each year. Law enforcement reporting indicates that most cannabis is cultivated on the islands of Hawaii, Maui, Kauai, and Oahufour of the eight separate islands composing the state. In addition, according to eradication data, domestic marijuana is cultivated primarily on State Division of Land and Natural Resources lands in Hawaii and Maui Counties. DEA Honolulu District Office reports that of the 159,702 plants eradicated from outdoor grow sites in the state of Hawaii from January through November 2006, 75 percent were cultivated on public lands owned by the state of Hawaii. Specifically, NPS reports significant cannabis cultivation in the Hawaii Volcanoes National Park on the island of Hawaii. Outdoor cultivation operations are conducted primarily by local and Polynesian DTOs and Asians, as well as some Caucasians, particularly those who have relocated to Hawaii from the U.S. mainland (see Maps 13 and 14 in Appendix B).
Indoor cannabis cultivation in Hawaii occurs less frequently than outdoor cultivation; however, indoor cultivation appears to be stable or possibly increasing. According to DCE/SP, the number of plants eradicated from indoor operations increased sharply from 314 plants in 2002 to 3,519 in 2003 and increased again in 2005 to 3,950. Moreover, DEA Honolulu District Office reports that the number of indoor cultivation sites seized increased from 13 in 2005 to 37 as of October 31, 2006. Local Hawaiians, Caucasian independents, and Asian organizations operate most indoor grow sites in Hawaii (see Maps 15 and 16 in Appendix B).
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Oregon Outdoor cannabis cultivation appears to be increasing in Oregon, including on public lands, primarily because of an increase in outdoor cultivation by Mexican DTOs operating large-scale cannabis grow sites.
Oregon Cultivation Statistics

Primary cultivation area: Northwestern region of the state Top five cultivation counties: Jackson, Grant, Josephine, Wheeler, and Linn
2006* Oregons temperate climate, rich soil, and vast Total plants eradicated: 139,409 expanses of remote, forested areas are particularly Total outdoor plants eradicated: 134,191 conducive to outdoor cannabis cultivation. Outdoor Total indoor plants eradicated: 5,218 cannabis cultivation in Oregon typically spans the months of May through October; however, weather 2005 conditions and the use of seeds and cloned starter Total cannabis plants eradicated: 91,829 plants can extend or reduce the growing season. In the eastern region of Oregoneast of the Cascade *County-level data represent January through November Mountainscultivation operations begin as early as 2006 and include reporting from the Domestic Cannabis Eradication/Suppression Program, U.S. Department of the March or April, although most planting usually Interior, and U.S. Department of Agriculture Forest Service. occurs in May. Weather conditions during the growing months significantly influence the harvest time, but plants typically are harvested during August and September. West of the Cascades, sites are usually planted in June, tended through summer, and harvested in September and October. Primary Outdoor Cultivation Areas
The number of large-scale outdoor marijuana grow sites in Oregon is increasing and will quite likely continue to increase as Mexican DTOs currently operating in the state expand their operations. Several counties in Oregonparticularly in the southwestern section of the statehave been identified by law enforcement as counties experiencing significant Mexican DTO-controlled cannabis cultivation. In addition to Mexican DTOs, Caucasian criminal groups and independent growers cultivate cannabis outdoors; however, Caucasian-controlled grow sites are generally much smaller and contain fewer plants. According to eradication data and law enforcement reporting, most outdoor cannabis cultivation in 2006 appears to have occurred in Jackson, Grant, Josephine, Wheeler, and Linn Counties (see Table 11 on page 20). Many of the cannabis cultivation operations in these counties have been located on remote lands in national forests and on tribal lands, primarily in the northwestern section of Oregon. Areas where cultivation has been particularly high include the Deschutes, Siskiyou, Umatilla, and Wallowa-Whitman National Forests and Native American tribal lands, including the Umatilla Indian Reservation (see Maps 17 and 18 in Appendix B).
Indoor cannabis cultivation in Oregon is much less prominent than outdoor cultivation. According to the Oregon Department of Justice, indoor cannabis eradication is highest in Multnomah, followed by Lincoln, Douglas, and Marion Counties (see Table 12 on page 20). Most indoor cannabis grow sites are controlled by Caucasian criminal groups and independent growers; however, anecdotal reporting indicates that Asian organizations have become increasingly involved in indoor cultivation over the past year. Caucasian criminal groups and independent growers typically operate indoor grow sites that average 50 to 100 plants per cultivation cycle, particularly in the Portland area (see Maps 19 and 20 in Appendix B). 19
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Table 11. Number of Outdoor Cannabis Plants Eradicated Top 10 Counties in Oregon, 2006*
County 1. Jackson 2. Grant 3. Josephine 4. Wheeler 5. Linn 6. Coos 7. Union 8. Tillamook 9. Douglas 10. Lane Outdoor Cannabis Eradicated 50,995 20,138 15,739 12,000 11,113 7,899 4,800 2,988 2,836 2,531
Source: Oregon Department of Justice; Domestic Cannabis Eradication/Suppression Program; U.S. Department of the Interior; U.S. Department of Agriculture Forest Service. *Data for 2006 represent January through November 2006.
Table 12. Number of Indoor Cannabis Plants Eradicated Top 10 Counties in Oregon, 2006*
County 1. Multnomah 2. Lincoln 3. Douglas 4. Marion 5. Lane 6. Wasco 7. Benton 8. Klamath 9. Jackson 10. Coos Indoor Cannabis Eradicated 1,639 883 475 444 335 287 260 257 205 162
Source: Oregon Department of Justice; Domestic Cannabis Eradication/Suppression Program. *Date for 2006 data represent January through November 2006.
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Washington Cannabis cultivation is increasing in Washington. Outdoor cannabis cultivation is expanding primarily because of increased cultivation by Mexican DTOs. Indoor cultivationparticularly in the Puget Sound areaalso is increasing, as a result of an influx of Canadian-based Asian DTOs experienced in indoor cultivation techniques.
Washington Cultivation Statistics

Primary cultivation area: Eastern section of the state Top five cultivation counties: Yakima, King, Franklin, Chelan, and Stevens 2006* Total plants eradicated: 133,778
Total outdoor plants eradicated: 101,339 Planting and harvesting times differ greatly in Total indoor plants eradicated: 32,439 Washington, depending on the location in the state; Washington, much like Oregon, is divided into two 2005 distinct east and west sections that are separated by the Total cannabis plants eradicated: 170,255 Cascade Mountains. In the east, planting begins as early as March or April, with most planting occurring *County-level data represent January through November in May. Depending on the weather conditions during 2006 and include reporting from the Domestic Cannabis Eradication/Suppression Program, U.S. Department of the the summer months as well as other factors, including Interior, and U.S. Department of Agriculture Forest Service. the use of cloned seedlings versus seeds, crops typically are harvested between August and September. West of the Cascade Mountains, planting and harvesting occur later in the year. Planting typically begins in June, and harvest occurs in September or early October. Primary Outdoor Cultivation Areas
Cannabis cultivation in outdoor sites is most prevalent in eastern Washington because of the areas climate. Large outdoor growing operations in eastern Washington, which typically are controlled by Mexican DTOs, are usually located in remote areas near water sources on federal or state lands. Counties reporting the highest plant eradication for 2006 include Yakima, Franklin, Chelan, Stevens, and Benton (see Table 13 on page 22). The Northwest HIDTA reports that the counties accounting for much of the outdoor cannabis cultivation in the statewhich are largely the counties with the highest eradicationare Yakima, Chelan, Franklin, Grant, Benton, Douglas, and Ferry. Following the seizure of a single 64,000-plant plot on the Yakima Indian Reservation in 2004, many cultivators stopped planting large plots and now plant several smaller plots instead to reduce their losses if a plot is eradicated. Cultivators also commingle cannabis plants with legitimate crops such as corn and olive trees to conceal cannabis plants (see Maps 21 and 22 in Appendix B).
Indoor cannabis cultivation sites are typically operated by Caucasian independent growers and are more common in urban areas. However, some Vietnamese DTOs have relocated their high potency indoor cannabis cultivation operations from Canada to the Puget Sound area, primarily to avoid seizures of their marijuana at the U.S.Canada border. As a result, there has been an increase in the availability of higher potency marijuana in local drug markets. King, Pierce, and Snohomish Counties are the primary indoor cultivation areas for Asian DTOs and criminal groups, according to reporting from the Northwest HIDTA, DEA, and other law enforcement agencies. These counties are also among the highest overall indoor cannabis eradication counties in Oregon (see Table 14 on page 22, and Maps 23 and 24 in Appendix B).
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Table 13. Number of Outdoor Cannabis Plants Eradicated Top 10 Counties in Washington, 2006*
County 1. Yakima 2. Franklin 3. Chelan 4. Stevens 5. Benton 6. Grant 7. Grays Harbor County 8. Walla Walla County 9. Douglas County 10. Klickitat County Outdoor Cannabis Eradicated 51,730 15,382 7,802 4,677 4,163 4,019 3,319 3,102 1,588 1,389
Source: Northwest High Intensity Drug Trafficking Area; Domestic Cannabis Eradication/Suppression Program; U.S. Department of the Interior; U.S. Department of Agriculture Forest Service. *Data for 2006 represent January through November 2006.
Table 14. Number of Indoor Cannabis Plants Eradicated Top 10 Counties in Washington, 2006*
County 1. King 2. Whatcom 3. Pierce 4. Spokane 5. Stevens 6. Snohomish 7. Clark 8. Kitsap 9. Skagit 10. Thurston Indoor Cannabis Eradicated 17,618 2,298 2,077 1,688 1,650 1,488 1,366 1,095 484 441
Source: Northwest High Intensity Drug Trafficking Area; Domestic Cannabis Eradication/Suppression Program. *Data for 2006 represent January through November 2006.
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Appalachian Region
Cannabis cultivation in the Appalachian Region of the United States occurs primarily in portions of Kentucky, Tennessee, and West Virginia. A relatively high poverty rate in these areas contributes to an acceptance of cannabis cultivation by many local residents. In some Appalachian counties, more than 30 percent of the population lives in poverty, and in impoverished communities some residents regard marijuana production as a necessary means of supplementing low incomes. In these communities cannabis cultivation is often a multigenerational trade as young family members are introduced to the trade by older members who have produced the drug for many years. Kentucky
Cannabis growers in Kentucky typically cultivate plots between March and October; however, several factors, including the weather and the use of cloned starter plants, can extend or reduce the growing season. Cannabis planting in Kentucky typically starts in March. However, because the winter of 2006 was very mild, many growers who started their plants indoors were able to transplant the seedlings outside much earlier than in most years. Kentucky State Police Marijuana Suppression Unit reports that approximately 10 to 15 percent of all cultivators start their plants indoors. No discernible differences exist for planting and harvesting times in various regions of the state.
Kentucky Cultivation Statistics

Primary cultivation area: Southeastern section of the state Top five cultivation counties: Knox, Bell, Leslie, Letcher, and Clay 2006* Total plants eradicated: 527,820 Total outdoor plants eradicated: 526,691 Total indoor plants eradicated: 1,129 2005 Total cannabis plants eradicated: 736,991
*County-level data represent January through November
2006 and include reporting from the Domestic Cannabis Most outdoor cultivation in Kentucky occurs in the Eradication/Suppression Program, U.S. Department of the southeastern section of the state on remote areas of Interior, and U.S. Department of Agriculture Forest Service. public and private lands; however, increased and improved eradication efforts have led some growers to shift their operations to counties with less eradication pressure. The highest eradication totals were reported in the southeastern section of Kentucky from January to November 2006 in the following counties: Knox, Bell, Leslie, Letcher, Clay, Perry, Breathitt, Wayne, Knott, and Whitley (see Table 15 on page 24). The focused eradication in these counties has contributed to a shift toward cultivation in other counties. For example, law enforcement reporting indicates that cultivation in Breathitt County is increasing after years of decreased cultivation, largely because of eradication pressure in surrounding counties. In addition, since 2003, cultivation has been increasing in areas where commercial logging is occurring, especially in the Daniel Boone National Forest. After land has been cleared as a result of logging operations, criminal groups and independent growers use the space for cannabis cultivation. Most cannabis cultivation operations in Kentucky are composed of families or small groups rather than large DTOs. These groups typically plant smaller plots, having averaged 67 plants per site in 2006 (see Maps 25, 26, 27, and 28 in Appendix B).
Indoor Cannabis Cultivation Areas
Eradication data and law enforcement reporting reveal that indoor cannabis cultivation is limited in Kentucky but may be increasing. According to DCE/SP data for 2006, 1,027 plants were eradicated 23
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from 35 indoor grow operations in Kentucky as of November 30. However, law enforcement agencies report that they have been unable to locate several other indoor grow sites operating within the state. Eradication data indicate that the limited indoor cultivation in the state occurs primarily in Greenup, Bullitt, Meade, and Nelson Counties (see Table 16, and Maps 29 and 30 in Appendix B). Table 15. Number of Outdoor Cannabis Plants Eradicated Top 10 Counties in Kentucky, 2006*
County 1. Knox 2. Bell 3. Leslie 4. Letcher 5. Clay 6. Perry 7. Breathitt 8. Wayne 9. Knott 10. Whitley Outdoor Cannabis Eradicated 48,670 39,877 37,848 35,814 30,580 30,344 29,847 24,327 23,026 20,188
Source: Domestic Cannabis Eradication/Suppression Program; U.S. Department of the Interior; U.S. Department of Agriculture Forest Service. *Data for 2006 represent January through November 2006.
Table 16. Number of Indoor Cannabis Plants Eradicated Top 10 Counties in Kentucky, 2006*
County 1. Greenup 2. Bullitt 3. Meade 4. Nelson 5. Fayette 6. Hardin 7. Larue 8. Boone 9. McLean 10. Jackson
*Data for 2006 represent January through November 2006.
Indoor Cannabis Eradicated 256 216 124 103 83 67 62 27 27 24
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Product No. 2007-L0848-001
Tennessee
Cannabis cultivation operations in Tennessee generally extend from March through October; the primary planting season is late March and early April. However, some cultivators have been able to harvest a first crop in June and replant for a second crop. Generally, September and October are the prime harvesting months. Harvesting times in Tennessee do not differ from one region of the state to another.
Tennessee Cultivation Statistics

Primary cultivation areas: Cumberland Valley and Smokey Mountains in the northeastern and southwestern sections of the state Top five cultivation counties: Warren, Cumberland, Fentress, Morgan, and Wayne 2006* Total plants eradicated: 662,135 Total outdoor plants eradicated: 662,024
A great amount of high potency marijuana is proTotal indoor plants eradicated: 111 duced in Tennessee by local Caucasian producers for 2005 sale both within and outside the region. Primary outTotal cannabis plants eradicated: 463,557 door cultivation areas are located in remote areas with good growing climates, such as the Smokey Mountains *County-level data represent January through November of southeastern Tennessee and the Cumberland Plateau 2006 and include reporting from the Domestic Cannabis of northeastern Tennessee. The numerous streams, Eradication/Suppression Program, U.S. Department of the Interior, and U.S. Department of Agriculture Forest Service. creeks, and rivers within these areas help provide cultivation sites with the necessary water to support plant growth during the summer months. Of the top five cannabis eradication counties in Tennessee in 2006, four were located in the Cumberland Plateau: Warren, Cumberland, Fentress, and Morgan. On the extreme western side of the Highland Rim in the middle section of the state, Wayne, Hickman, and Lawrence Counties also reported high plant eradication in 2006 (see Table 17). Although Table 17. Number of Outdoor Cannabis Plants Eradicated Top 10 Counties in Tennessee, 2006*
County 1. Warren 2. Cumberland 3. Fentress 4. Morgan 5. Wayne 6. Van Buren 7. Hickman 8. Grundy 9. Lawrence 10. Campbell Outdoor Cannabis Eradicated 181,671 88,919 43,828 42,121 40,641 37,308 27,853 26,757 26,553 19,662
Source: Domestic Cannabis Eradication/Suppression Program. *Data for 2006 represent January through November 2006.
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these counties account for most of the cultivation in Tennessee, significant cannabis cultivation occurs in other counties, but it fluctuates from year to year. In fact, counties where cultivation has been dormant for several years have reemerged as significant sources of marijuana. For example, the number of cannabis plants eradicated in Sequatchie County in the Cumberland Valleya county where cultivation had been low for several yearsincreased from 783 plants in 2005 to 10,846 plants in 2006, according to DCE/SP data (see Maps 31, 32, 33, and 34 in Appendix B).
Indoor cannabis cultivation in Tennessee is limited. In 2005, DCE/SP data showed that only 653 plants were seized from 3 counties and most (611 plants) were seized in Cocke County, followed by Montgomery County (33), and Campbell County (9) (see Map 35 in Appendix B). As of November 2006, DCE/SP did not report any indoor grow operation seizures in the state of Tennessee. Although indoor cultivation is limited, law enforcement has seized advanced indoor grow operations in past years (see text box). Although not reported to DCE/SP, the Tennessee Bureau of Investigation (TBI) seized a single indoor grow operation in Franklin County in June 2006, resulting in the eradication of 111 plants.
Indoor Cannabis Operation Seized From Cave Under Residence In December 2005 the 15th Judicial District Task Force (JDTF), assisted by the 18th JDTF, the Bureau of Alcohol, Tobacco, Firearms and Explosives (ATF), Immigration and Customs Enforcement (ICE), the Federal Bureau of Investigation (FBI), the Lafayette Police Department, and the Trousdale County Sheriffs Office seized a sophisticated indoor cannabis operation in Hartsville, Trousdale County, Tennessee. The indoor operation was located in a man-made cave cut into the limestone under and adjacent to a private residence and was capable of producing six grows per year. Law enforcement officials seized 853 plants under cultivation. The entrance was sealed with a hydraulic door, and the growing area was equipped with custom irrigation systems and lighting, as well as humidity control devices.
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Product No. 2007-L0848-001
West Virginia
Cannabis cultivation in West Virginia extends from March through October. Cannabis typically is planted in March or April, tended through the summer, and harvested in September or early October.
West Virginia Cultivation Statistics

Primary cultivation area: Southwestern section of the state Top five cultivation counties: Monroe, Wayne, Logan, Kanawha, and Clay
The amount of cannabis cultivated in West Virginia 2006* is lower than that of other areas in the Appalachian Total plants eradicated: 64,974 Region; the marijuana produced usually is consumed Total outdoor plants eradicated: 63,809 locally. The amount of marijuana produced in West Total indoor plants eradicated: 1,165 Virginia does not come close to supplying demand 2005 throughout the state; therefore, a significant amount of Total cannabis plants eradicated: 57,600 Mexican marijuana is smuggled to West Virginia. Cannabis cultivation is often a primary source of *County-level data represent January through November income for residents in southwestern portions of West 2006 and include reporting from the Domestic Cannabis Virginia, the primary cultivation area in the state, Eradication/Suppression Program, U.S. Department of the which generally is economically depressed, with an Interior, and U.S. Department of Agriculture Forest Service. unemployment rate of nearly 50 percent. This section of the state is particularly conducive to cannabis cultivation because of the vast tracts of remote, mountainous terrain in the Appalachian Mountains, consistent rainfall, and moderate temperatures during the growing season. According to 2005 and 2006 eradication data and law enforcement reporting, the primary counties for cannabis eradication include Monroe, Wayne, Logan, Kanawha, Clay, Mingo, Boone, Mason, McDowell, and Gilmer (see Table 18 on page 28). The West Virginia Metropolitan Drug Enforcement Network Teams Eradication Unit reports that it discovers an average of 600 cannabis cultivation sites each year in the southwestern region. Although most plots are relatively small, at least six sites in this region contained at least 1,000 plants each in 2006 (see Maps 36, 37, 38, and 39 in Appendix B).
Indoor cultivation in West Virginia is far more limited than outdoor cultivation; however, the eradication and investigation of indoor operations is increasing because of a rise in law enforcement resources committed to such investigations in some counties. According to DCE/SP, the number of indoor operations seized increased from 34 in 2005 to 60 in 2006, but the number of plants eradicated rose from 843 to 1,165 during that same period. Most of the plants (1,151 of 1,165) eradicated in 2006 were eradicated from 14 sites in Kanawha and Gilmer Counties (see Table 19 on page 28, and Maps 40 and 41 in Appendix B).
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Table 18. Number of Outdoor Cannabis Plants Eradicated Top 10 Counties* in West Virginia, 2006**
County 1. Monroe 2. Wayne 3. Logan 4. Kanawha 5. Clay 6. Mingo 7. Boone 8. Mason 9. McDowell 10. Gilmer Outdoor Cannabis Eradicated 17,505 12,906 9,709 6,027 4,543 4,221 3,229 1,542 1,150 780
Source: Domestic Cannabis Eradication/Suppression Program; U.S. Department of the Interior; U.S. Department of Agriculture Forest Service. *As of January 2007, data for 2006 were available for HIDTA counties only. **Data for 2006 represent January through November 2006.
Table 19. Number of Indoor Cannabis Plants Eradicated Top 5 Counties* in West Virginia, 2006**
County 1. Kanawha 2. Gilmer 3. Mason 4. Boone 5. Logan Indoor Cannabis Eradicated 845 306 6 5 3
Source: Domestic Cannabis Eradication/Suppression Program. *As of November 2006, data for 2006 were available for HIDTA counties only. **Data for 2006 represent January through November 2006.
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Product No. 2007-L0848-001
Appendix B. Maps
1. Cannabis Eradication by State, Outdoor Plants Seized, 2006. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 31 2. Cannabis Eradication by State, Indoor Plants Seized, 2006. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 33 3. Cannabis Eradication by State, 2006. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 35 4. Outdoor Plants and Sites Seized in Arizona, by County, 2006. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 37 5. Outdoor Plants and Sites Seized in Arizona, by County, 2005. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 39 6. Domestic Cannabis Eradication, by State and National Forest, 2006. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 41 7. Indoor Plants Seized in Florida, by County, 2006. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 43 8. Outdoor Plants Seized in California, by County, 2006. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 45 9. Outdoor Plants and Sites Seized in California, by County, 2006. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 47 10. Outdoor Plants Seized in California, by County, 2005. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 49 11. Indoor Plants Seized in California, by County, 2006. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 51 12. Indoor Plants Seized in California, by County, 2005. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 53 13. Outdoor Plants and Sites Seized in Hawaii, by County, 2006. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 55 14. Outdoor Plants and Sites Seized in Hawaii, by County, 2005. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 57 15. Indoor Plants Seized in Hawaii, by County, 2006. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 59 16. Indoor Plants Seized in Hawaii, by County, 2005. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 61 17. Outdoor Plants Seized in Oregon, by County, 2006. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 63 18. Outdoor Plants Seized in Oregon, by County, 2005. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 65 19. Indoor Plants Seized in Oregon, by County, 2006. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 67 20. Indoor Plants Seized in Oregon, by County, 2005. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 69 21. Outdoor Plants Seized in Washington, by County, 2006. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 71 22. Outdoor Plants Seized in Washington, by County, 2005. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 73 23. Indoor Plants Seized in Washington, by County, 2006. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 75 24. Indoor Plants Seized in Washington, by County, 2005. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 77 25. Outdoor Plants Seized in Kentucky, by County, 2006. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 79 26. Outdoor Plants and Sites Seized in Kentucky, by County, 2006. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 81 27. Outdoor Plants Seized in Kentucky, by County, 2005. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 83 28. Outdoor Plants and Sites Seized in Kentucky, by County, 2005. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 85 29. Indoor Plants Seized in Kentucky, by County, 2006. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 87 30. Indoor Plants Seized in Kentucky, by County, 2005. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 89 31. Outdoor Plants Seized in Tennessee, by County, 2006. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 91 32. Outdoor Plants and Sites Seized in Tennessee, by County, 2006. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 93 33. Outdoor Plants Seized in Tennessee, by County, 2005. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 95 34. Outdoor Plants and Sites Seized in Tennessee, by County, 2005. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 97 35. Indoor Plants Seized in Tennessee, by County, 2005. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 99 36. Outdoor Plants Seized in West Virginia, by County, 2006. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 101 37. Outdoor Plants and Sites Seized in West Virginia, by County, 2006. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 103 38. Outdoor Plants Seized in West Virginia, by County, 2005. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 105 39. Outdoor Plants and Sites Seized in West Virginia, by County, 2005. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 107 40. Indoor Plants Seized in West Virginia, by County, 2006. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 109 41. Indoor Plants Seized in West Virginia, by County, 2005. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 111
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Product No. 2007-L0848-001
Map 1. Cannabis Eradication by State, Outdoor Plants Seized, 2006

WA 115, 459
MT 6
ND 275
MN 825
SD 56
WY
ME 7 9,78
OR 187, 548
VT 1 1,24
ID 6,472
WI 5,134
NY 8,445
MI 20,913
PA 4,284
NH 793
MA 677
CT 4 RI 1,12
NV 1,704
CA 3,67 4 ,0 6 9
NE 183
IA 169
IL 5,229
UT 5,433
IN 21,122
OH 34,428
WV 55,388
NJ 987
MD 720
DE 153
CO 3,848
KS 3,303
MO 19,306
KY 557,628
TN 483,231
VA 18,632
NC 99,554
AZ 154,79 3
NM 2,502
OK 18,634
AR 12,843
SC 36,318
MS 2,346
AL 53,297
GA 65,178
Cannabis Plants Eradicated, 2006
TX 4,899
LA 3,562
AK 262
1,000,000 + 100,000 - 999,999 10,000 - 99,999 1,000 - 9,999 100 - 999 1 - 99 None reported Public lands
FL 10,378
Source: Drug Enforcement Administration Domestic Cannabis Eradication/Suppression Program, U.S. Department of the Interior, and U.S. Department of Agriculture Forest Service.
HI 188,742
NDIC 2007022101PKB
Map 1. Cannabis Eradication by State, Outdoor Plants Seized, 2006. 31

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Product No. 2007-L0848-001
Map 2. Cannabis Eradication by State, Indoor Plants Seized, 2006

WA 43,4 16
MT 69 1
ND 13
MN 3,937
ME 0 2,64
VT 46 9
WI 3,2 91
OR 6,90 5
ID 33 9
WY 15 1
SD 19
MI 5,900
NY 6,021
NH 85 11 ,0
CT 41 9
MA 72 4
RI
NV 1,782
NE 341
IA
PA 8,604
OH 7,872
NJ 96 9
MD 3,790
CA 203, 559
UT 1,190
CO 3,667
IL 2,4 51
KS 436
IN 4,75 1
WV 2,194
KY 1,128
DE 14 5
MO 2,00 4
VA 1,729
AZ 53 7
NM 75 3
OK 444
TN 111
AR 680
NC 2,11 0
SC 19 4
GA 1,610
MS 53
TX 7,90 5
AL 25 7
LA 1,60 5
AK 5,901
Cannabis Plants Eradicated, 2006 100,000 + 50,000 - 99,999 10,000 - 49,999 5,000 - 9,999 1,000 - 4,999 100 - 999 1 - 99 None reported
FL 36 ,1 7 2
Source: Drug Enforcement Administration Domestic Cannabis Eradication/Suppression Program.
HI 12,358
NDIC 2007012402PKB
Map 2. Cannabis Eradication by State, Indoor Plants Seized, 2006. 33

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Product No. 2007-L0848-001
Map 3. Cannabis Eradication by State, 2006

WA 158, 875
MT 697
ND 288
ME 27 12,4
MN 4,762
OR 194, 453
VT 0 1,71
ID 6,811
SD 75
WY 151
IA 169
WI 8,425
MI 26,813
NY 6 14,46
NH 78 11,8
CT 3 RI 1,54
MA 1 1,40
NV 3,486
CA 3,87 7 ,6 2 8
NE 524
PA 12,888
IN 25,873
UT 6,623
CO 7,515
IL 7,680
OH 42,300
WV 57,582
NJ 1,956
MD 4,510
DE 298
KS 3,739
MO 21,310
VA 20,361
KY 558,756
TN 483,342
NC 4 101,66
SC 36,512
AZ 155,33 0
NM 3,255
OK 19,078
AR 13,523
MS 2,399
AL 53,554
GA 66,788
TX 12,804
LA 5,167
AK 6,163
FL 46,550
Cannabis Plants Eradicated, 2006 1,000,000 + 100,000 - 999,999 10,000 - 99,999 1,000 - 9,999 100 - 999 1 - 99 None reported
HI 201,100
NDIC 2007012403PKB
Map 3. Cannabis Eradication by State, 2006. 35

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36
Product No. 2007-L0848-001
Map 4. Outdoor Plants and Sites Seized in Arizona, by County, 2006
COCONINO 40
MOHAVE
Map 4. Outdoor Plants and Sites Seized in Arizona, by County, 2006.

NAVAJO 4,476
APACHE
37
YAVAPAI 503
LA PAZ
GILA 63,713
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MARICOPA 1,757
GREENLEE
PINAL YUMA
GRAHAM
PIMA 78
COCHISE
SANTA CRUZ

(January through November 2006) 200,000 + 100,000 - 199,999 10,000 - 99,999 1,000 - 9,999 100 - 999 1 - 99 None reported
Cannabis Eradication Sites, 2006 by Number of Plants

(January through October 2006) 1 - 99 100 - 999 1,000 - 9,999 10,000 - 19,999 20,000 - 54,720 Public lands
Miles 0 20 40
Source: Drug Enforcement Administration Domestic Cannabis Eradication/Suppression Program, U.S. Department of the Interior, U.S. Department of Agriculture Forest Service, Maricopa County Sheriff's Office, Arizona Department of Public Safety, Gila County Task Force, and Phoenix Police Department.
NDIC 2007012404PKB
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Product No. 2007-L0848-001
Map 5. Outdoor Plants and Sites Seized in Arizona, by County, 2005
COCONINO 17 MOHAVE 13
Map 5. Outdoor Plants and Sites Seized in Arizona, by County, 2005.

NAVAJO APACHE YAVAPAI LA PAZ
39
MARICOPA 932
PINAL YUMA
GILA 20,965
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GREENLEE
GRAHAM
PIMA 180 COCHISE 52
SANTA CRUZ 42

200,000 + 100,000 - 199,999 10,000 - 99,999 1,000 - 9,999 100 - 999 1 - 99 None reported

1 - 99 100 - 999 1,000 - 9,999 10,000 - 19,999 20,000 - 54,720 Public lands
Miles 0 20 40
Source: Drug Enforcement Administration Domestic Cannabis Eradication/Suppression Program, U.S. Department of the Interior, U.S. Department of Agriculture Forest Service, Maricopa County Sheriff's Office, Arizona Department of Public Safety, Gila County Task Force, and Phoenix Police Department.
NDIC 2007012405PKB
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Product No. 2007-L0848-001
Mt. B a
ker 5 4
Map 6. Domestic Cannabis Eradication, by State and National Forest, 2006

Colv ille 224
WA S HIN 158,8 GTON 75
We n atc h 14,4 ee 32
Sius law
Idaho Panha ndle 22

48
Mt. H
Willa
Ump
Sisk iy o 1,00 u 0
33
qua
ood 75 m ett e 1,3 9
MONTA NA 697
NORTH DAKOTA 288
E MAIN 7 2 12,4
Six Riv 25,9 er s 01
Klam a 34,3 th 56
Rog ue R 4,86 iver 9
ORE G 194,4 ON 53
Wallo w Whim a an 3,000
Gallatin
MINNESOTA 4,762
WISCONSIN 8,425
T MON VER 10 1,7
IDAHO 6,811
Sha s ta Trin 118,7 ity 97
Las s en 8,20 0
SOUTH DAKOTA 75
WYOMIN G 151
Huron Manistee 819
K YOR NEW 66 14,4

RI
IRE PSH HAM NEW 11,878 ETTS HUS S AC MAS 1,401
N MICHIGA 26,813
IOWA 169
TIC N EC CON 1,543

NIA SYLVA PEN N ,88 8 12
UT
Me n do 405,3 c ino 99
Plum a 55,6 s 73
NEVA DA 3,486
Hum bolt/T oiyab le 1,7 53
NEBRASKA 524
EY JERS NEW 56 1,9
Stan isla 65,0 us 72

Sierr a 60,8 66
UTAH 6,623
COLORADO 7,515
KANSAS 3,739
Sequ oia 89,58 5
ILLINOIS 7,680
MISSOURI 21,31 0
Shawnee 11
INDIANA 25,87 3
OHIO 42,300
WEST IA VIRGIN 57,58 2
Daniel Boone 148,828
L AN D MARY 0 4,51
ton Was hing on rs & Jeffe 360
E WA R DELA 8 29
CAL IFO 3,877 RNIA ,628

Los P adre s8 0,79
IA VIRGIN 20,361
6
Ange le 13,17 s 4
San B erna 157,9 rdino 94
ARIZO NA 155,33 0
Lincoln & Presc ot t 6,102
Cocon ino 500
Mark Twain 166
KENTUCKY 558,756
Cheroke e 71
Ozark St. Francis 22
E TENNESSE 483,342
H NORT 1,664 NFS in 10 arolina North C 175
CARO
LINA
Clev e lan 13,47 d 8
NEW MEX ICO 3,255

Tonto 65,947
OKLAHOMA 19,078
ARKANSAS 13,52 3
Ouachita 6,302
oc hee Chattaho 183 e & O cone
bama NFS in Ala 5,377
Mar io Francis r & Sum te 1,176
MISSISSIPPI 2,399
Cannabis Eradication by State, 2006
IA GEOR G 66,788
ALABAMA 53,554
INA CARO L SOUTH ,51 2 36
1,000,000 + 100,000 - 999,999 10,000 - 99,999 1,000 - 9,999 100 - 999 1 - 99 None reported
Cannabis Eradication by National Forest, 2006
TEXAS 12,804
LOUISIANA 5,167
orida 24 NFS in Fl
A FLORID 46,55 0
100,000 + 50,000 - 99,999 10,000 - 49,999 1,000 - 9,999 100 - 999 1 - 99

Source: Drug Enforcement Administration's Domestic Cannabis Eradication/Suppression Program, U.S. Department of the Interior, and U.S. Department of Agriculture Forest Service.
NDIC 2007012406PKB
Map 6. Domestic Cannabis Eradication, by State and National Forest, 2006. 41

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42
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Product No. 2007-L0848-001
ESCAMBIA
SANTA ROSA 8 OKALOOSA WALTON 5 83
HOLMES JACKSON
WASHINGTON 20 BAY 23
CALHOUN
GADSDEN LEON
JEFFERSON HAMILTON MADISON
NASSAU 104
LIBERTY
WAKULLA 2
TAYLOR
SUWANNEE
COLUMBIA
BAKER 5
DUVAL 1,078
GULF 20
LAFAYETTE FRANKLIN GILCHRIST DIXIE
UNION 9
BRADFORD
CLAY 95
ST. JOHNS
ALACHUA 299
PUTNAM 151 FLAGLER 4
LEVY
MARION 16 VOLUSIA 16 CITRUS 6

SUMTER
LAKE 3
SEMINOLE 236 ORANGE 38
HERNANDO 170
Map 7. Indoor Plants Seized in Florida, by County, 2006
PASCO 17 PINELLAS 389 HILLSBOROUGH 146

OSCEOLA
POLK 732
BREVARD
INDIAN RIVER
MANATEE
HARDEE

(January through October 2006) 10,000 + 5,000 - 9,999 1,000 - 4,999 500 - 999 100 - 499 50 - 99 1 - 49 None reported
SARASOTA 194
DESOTO
HIGHLANDS 5
OKEECHOBEE 6 ST. LUCIE 3,750
MARTIN CHARLOTTE
GLADES 432 PALM BEACH 1,114 HENDRY 171
LEE 912
COLLIER 492
BROWARD 2,305
MIAMI-DADE 11,596
MONROE
Miles 0
NDIC 2007012507PKB
50
100
Map 7. Indoor Plants Seized in Florida, by County, 2006. 43

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44
Map 8. Outdoor Plants Seized in California, by County, 2006
DEL NORTE 1,257 SISKIYOU 110,199

MODOC
Product No. 2007-L0848-001
HUMBOLDT 60,892
TRINITY 118,104
SHASTA 264,287 LASSEN 20,463
TEHAMA 191,863 PLUMAS 64,555 BUTTE 50,320

SIERRA
Map 8. Outdoor Plants Seized in California, by County, 2006.

MENDOCINO 239,076 COLUSA 76,084 SUTTER 3,699 EL DORADO 31,432
ALPINE SACRAMENTO AMADOR
45
GLENN 104,689 YUBA 11,417 NEVADA 8,611 PLACER 17,044 LAKE 346,415 SONOMA 124,456 NAPA 39,257 1,015 SOLANO 56,558
CONTRA COSTA SAN JOAQUIN
YOLO 28,104
MARIN 78,816 5,501

SAN FRANCISCO ALAMEDA
CALAVERAS 10,038 TUOLUMNE 126,706

MONO
STANISLAUS 2,752 MERCED 1,948
SAN MATEO 5,850 SANTA CLARA 125,947 SANTA CRUZ 42,838
MARIPOSA 59,959
MADERA 18,598 FRESNO 172,075 SAN BENITO 45,216

INYO
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MONTEREY 95,930
TULARE 119,655
KINGS
SAN LUIS OBISPO 32,358
KERN 67,156

(January through November 2006)
SANTA BARBARA 41,071
SAN BERNARDINO 136,595
200,000 + 100,000 - 199,999 10,000 - 99,999 1,000 - 9,999 100 - 999 1 - 99 None reported Public lands
VENTURA 21,431
LOS ANGELES 37,053
ORANGE
RIVERSIDE 210,005
SAN DIEGO 241,449
IMPERIAL
Miles 0
NDIC 2007012308PKB
50
100
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46
Product No. 2007-L0848-001
Map 9. Outdoor Plants and Sites Seized in California, by County, 2006
Map 9. Outdoor Plants and Sites Seized in California, by County, 2006.

47
Source: Drug Enforcement Administration Domestic Cannabis Eradication/Suppression Program, U.S. Department of the Interior, U.S. Department of Agriculture Forest Service, and Campaign Against Marijuana Planting.
ARCHIVED
Miles 0
NDIC 2007012309PKB
50
100
ARCHIVED
48
Map 10. Outdoor Plants Seized in California, by County, 2005
DEL NORTE 314 SISKIYOU 44,116

MODOC
Product No. 2007-L0848-001
HUMBOLDT 29,361 TRINITY 19,127

LASSEN
SHASTA 218,384
TEHAMA 81,006
PLUMAS
Map 10. Outdoor Plants Seized in California, by County, 2005.

MENDOCINO 138,084 COLUSA 281
SUTTER
49
GLENN 6,740
SIERRA
BUTTE 7,044
LAKE 136,781 YOLO 505

SACRAMENTO AMADOR
YUBA 9,518
NEVADA 424 PLACER 33 EL DORADO 22,709

ALPINE
SONOMA 107,631 NAPA 75,446 SOLANO 40,875

MARIN CONTRA COSTA SAN JOAQUIN
3,948 CALAVERAS 15,870 TUOLUMNE 35,784

MONO
11,944
STANISLAUS 21,962 MERCED 2,145
SAN MATEO 167 SANTA CLARA 82,106 SANTA CRUZ 11,449
MARIPOSA 5,086
MADERA 12,159 FRESNO 137,600 SAN BENITO 28,255

INYO
ARCHIVED
MONTEREY 23,498
TULARE 157,441
KINGS
KERN 61,726

200,000 + 100,000 - 199,999 10,000 - 99,999 1,000 - 9,999 100 - 999 1 - 99 None reported
ORANGE
SAN BERNARDINO 20,443 SANTA BARBARA 2,306 VENTURA 9,740 LOS ANGELES 100,236
RIVERSIDE 36,372
Public lands
SAN DIEGO 169,452
IMPERIAL
Miles 0
NDIC 2007012310PKB
50
100
ARCHIVED
50
Map 11. Indoor Plants Seized in California, by County, 2006
DEL NORTE 399 SISKIYOU 553

MODOC
Product No. 2007-L0848-001
HUMBOLDT 31,508
SHASTA LASSEN
TRINITY 2,042
TEHAMA 192
PLUMAS
Map 11. Indoor Plants Seized in California, by County, 2006.

GLENN
51
BUTTE 354
SIERRA
MENDOCINO 17,443
YUBA COLUSA LAKE SUTTER
NEVADA 599 PLACER 34
YOLO
EL DORADO 350
ALPINE
SONOMA 9,080 NAPA 118 SACRAMENTO AMADOR 16,901 CALAVERAS 1,702 SOLANO 113
TUOLUMNE 126
MONO
6,100
STANISLAUS 3,663
MARIPOSA
SAN FRANCISCO 12,745 ALAMEDA 29,428 SAN MATEO 7,980 SANTA CLARA 252 SANTA CRUZ 652
MERCED 629
MADERA
SAN BENITO 596
FRESNO 5,872
INYO
ARCHIVED
MONTEREY 1,460
TULARE KINGS

(January through November 2006) 10,000 + 5,000 - 9,999 1,000 - 4,999 500 - 999 100 - 499 50 - 99 1 - 49
KERN
SANTA BARBARA 165 VENTURA 238
LOS ANGELES 2,365
ORANGE
RIVERSIDE 2,336
None reported
SAN DIEGO 10,849
IMPERIAL
Miles 0
NDIC 2007012311PKB
50
100
ARCHIVED
52
Map 12. Indoor Plants Seized in California, by County, 2005
DEL NORTE 41
Product No. 2007-L0848-001
SISKIYOU 356
MODOC
HUMBOLDT 26,411 TRINITY 462

LASSEN
SHASTA 24
TEHAMA 547
PLUMAS
Map 12. Indoor Plants Seized in California, by County, 2005.

MENDOCINO 13,148 COLUSA 59
SUTTER
53
GLENN 42
SIERRA
BUTTE 140
LAKE 7,581 EL DORADO 369

ALPINE SACRAMENTO
YUBA 19
NEVADA 394 PLACER 104
SONOMA 11,049 NAPA 101 AMADOR 256 CALAVERAS 86

SOLANO 9
YOLO
TUOLUMNE 164
MONO
18
SAN MATEO 479

SANTA CLARA
STANISLAUS 2,561
MARIPOSA
SANTA CRUZ 3,521
MERCED 1,393
MADERA
FRESNO
SAN BENITO 406 TULARE 69 MONTEREY 157

KINGS
INYO
ARCHIVED
SAN LUIS OBISPO 225
KERN 1,349

10,000 + 5,000 - 9,999 1,000 - 4,999 500 - 999 100 - 499 50 - 99 1 - 49
ORANGE
SANTA BARBARA 240

VENTURA 936
LOS ANGELES 3,882
RIVERSIDE 3,462
None reported
SAN DIEGO 15,651
IMPERIAL
Miles 0
NDIC 2007012312PKB
50
100
ARCHIVED
54
ARCHIVED
Product No. 2007-L0848-001
Map 13. Outdoor Plants and Sites Seized in Hawaii, by County, 2006
KAUAI 7,565
HONOLULU 4,737
MAUI 37,814

Cannabis Eradication Sites, 2006

(January through September 2006) Public lands
HAWAII 125,614
Miles 0
NDIC 2007012513PKB
20
40
Map 13. Outdoor Plants and Sites Seized in Hawaii, by County, 2006. 55
ARCHIVED
56
ARCHIVED
Product No. 2007-L0848-001
Map 14. Outdoor Plants and Sites Seized in Hawaii, by County, 2005
KAUAI 3,009
HONOLULU 6,689
MAUI 78,320

200,000 + 100,000 - 199,999 10,000 - 99,999 1,000 - 9,999 100 - 999 1 - 99 None reported
Cannabis Eradication Sites, 2005

Public lands
HAWAII 152,194
Miles 0
NDIC 2007012514PKB
25
50
Map 14. Outdoor Plants and Sites Seized in Hawaii, by County, 2005. 57
ARCHIVED
58
ARCHIVED
Product No. 2007-L0848-001
Map 15. Indoor Plants Seized in Hawaii, by County, 2006

KAUAI
HONOLULU
MAUI 2,158

(January through November 2006) 10,000 + 5,000 - 9,999 1,000 - 4,999 500 - 999 100 - 499 50 - 99 1 - 49 None reported
HAWAII 9,819
Miles 0
NDIC 2007012515PKB
25
50
Map 15. Indoor Plants Seized in Hawaii, by County, 2006. 59

ARCHIVED
60
ARCHIVED
Product No. 2007-L0848-001
Map 16. Indoor Plants Seized in Hawaii, by County, 2005

KAUAI 75
HONOLULU
MAUI

10,000 + 5,000 - 9,999 1,000 - 4,999 500 - 999 100 - 499 50 - 99 1 - 49 None reported
HAWAII 3,875
Miles 0
NDIC 2007012516PKB
25
50
Map 16. Indoor Plants Seized in Hawaii, by County, 2005. 61

ARCHIVED
62
ARCHIVED
Product No. 2007-L0848-001
CLATSOP
COLUMBIA 132
Map 17. Outdoor Plants Seized in Oregon, by County, 2006
TILLAMOOK 2,988
WASHINGTON 59
UMATILLA
WALLOWA
MULTNOMAH 440
HOOD RIVER SHERMAN MORROW GILLIAM
YAMHILL 1,344
UNION 4,800
CLACKAMAS
WASCO 261
POLK 333
MARION 36 WHEELER 12,000

JEFFERSON
LINCOLN 80 BENTON 101 LINN 11,113
BAKER
GRANT 20,138
CROOK
LANE 2,531
DESCHUTES

(January through November 2006) 200,000 + 100,000 - 199,999 10,000 - 99,999 1,000 - 9,999
DOUGLAS 2,836 COOS 7,899

HARNEY MALHEUR
100 - 999 1 - 99 None reported Public lands

KLAMATH 303 LAKE 1
CURRY 62 JOSEPHINE 15,739
JACKSON 50,995
Miles 0 25 50
NDIC 2007012217PKB
Map 17. Outdoor Plants Seized in Oregon, by County, 2006. 63

ARCHIVED
64
ARCHIVED
Product No. 2007-L0848-001
CLATSOP 155
COLUMBIA 188
Map 18. Outdoor Plants Seized in Oregon, by County, 2005
TILLAMOOK
WASHINGTON 102
UMATILLA MULTNOMAH HOOD RIVER SHERMAN MORROW GILLIAM
WALLOWA
YAMHILL
UNION 13
CLACKAMAS 82
WASCO
POLK 190
MARION 98 BAKER 6,308
LINCOLN JEFFERSON
WHEELER
BENTON 44
LINN 90
GRANT
CROOK
LANE 589
DESCHUTES 7

200,000 + 100,000 - 199,999 10,000 - 99,999 1,000 - 9,999
DOUGLAS 3,883 COOS 42
HARNEY
100 - 999
MALHEUR 10,676
1 - 99 None reported Public lands
KLAMATH 37
LAKE
CURRY 224 JOSEPHINE 153
JACKSON 17,835
Miles 0 25 50
NDIC 2007012218PKB
Map 18. Outdoor Plants Seized in Oregon, by County, 2005. 65

ARCHIVED
66
ARCHIVED
Product No. 2007-L0848-001
CLATSOP COLUMBIA
Map 19. Indoor Plants Seized in Oregon, by County, 2006
TILLAMOOK
WASHINGTON 36
MULTNOMAH 1,639
UMATILLA 5
HOOD RIVER SHERMAN MORROW GILLIAM UNION
WALLOWA
YAMHILL 24
CLACKAMAS 23
WASCO 287
POLK 6
MARION 444
LINCOLN 883 BENTON 260 LINN 63
WHEELER JEFFERSON
BAKER
GRANT
CROOK
LANE 335
DESCHUTES 95

(January through November 2006) 10,000 + 5,000 - 9,999
DOUGLAS 475 COOS 162
HARNEY MALHEUR
1,000 - 4,999 500 - 999 100 - 499 50 - 99 1 - 49

KLAMATH 257 LAKE 16
None reported
CURRY
JOSEPHINE 3
JACKSON 205
Miles 0 25 50
NDIC 2007012219PKB
Map 19. Indoor Plants Seized in Oregon, by County, 2006. 67

ARCHIVED
68
ARCHIVED
Product No. 2007-L0848-001
CLATSOP
COLUMBIA 15
Map 20. Indoor Plants Seized in Oregon, by County, 2005
TILLAMOOK 3
WASHINGTON 3
MULTNOMAH 2,198
UMATILLA 2
HOOD RIVER SHERMAN MORROW GILLIAM
WALLOWA 19
YAMHILL CLACKAMAS WASCO
UNION 115
POLK 4
MARION 242
LINCOLN JEFFERSON
WHEELER
BAKER
BENTON 65
LINN 18
GRANT
CROOK
LANE 1,095
DESCHUTES 630

10,000 + 5,000 - 9,999
DOUGLAS 460 COOS 69
HARNEY
1,000 - 4,999
MALHEUR 22
500 - 999 100 - 499 50 - 99 1 - 49
KLAMATH 202
LAKE
None reported
CURRY 137 JOSEPHINE 1,362
JACKSON 262
Miles 0 25 50
NDIC 2007012220PKB
Map 20. Indoor Plants Seized in Oregon, by County, 2005. 69

ARCHIVED
70
ARCHIVED
Product No. 2007-L0848-001
Map 21. Outdoor Plants Seized in Washington, by County, 2006

WHATCOM 138
SAN JUAN
OKANOGAN
SKAGIT 243
ISLAND
PEND OREILLE 38
FERRY
STEVENS 4,677
CLALLAM 30
SNOHOMISH 245
JEFFERSON 111
CHELAN 7,802 DOUGLAS 1,588 KITSAP 203 KING 113 MASON 443 LINCOLN 8 SPOKANE 99
GRAYS HARBOR 3,319
KITTITAS 168 PIERCE 136
GRANT 4,019 ADAMS 447

WHITMAN

(January through November 2006) 200,000 + 100,000 - 199,999 10,000 - 99,999 1,000 - 9,999 100 - 999 1 - 99 None reported Public lands
THURSTON 168
PACIFIC 267
LEWIS 764 YAKIMA 51,730
FRANKLIN 15,382
GARFIELD
WAHKIAKUM
COLUMBIA
COWLITZ 110
BENTON 4,163
WALLA WALLA 3,102
ASOTIN
SKAMANIA 184 KLICKITAT 1,389
CLARK 253
Miles 0 20 40
NDIC 2007012221PKB
Map 21. Outdoor Plants Seized in Washington, by County, 2006. 71

ARCHIVED
72
ARCHIVED
Product No. 2007-L0848-001
Map 22. Outdoor Plants Seized in Washington, by County, 2005

WHATCOM 37
SAN JUAN 95 SKAGIT 971

ISLAND
OKANOGAN 1,344
PEND OREILLE 24 FERRY 25 STEVENS 1,003
CLALLAM 22
SNOHOMISH 215
JEFFERSON 52
CHELAN 37,026 DOUGLAS 3,300 KITSAP 477 KING 32 MASON 196 LINCOLN 19 SPOKANE 457
GRAYS HARBOR 1,532

KITTITAS
GRANT 20,518
ADAMS WHITMAN
PIERCE
THURSTON 2,173

PACIFIC 55
LEWIS 105 YAKIMA 14,788
FRANKLIN 8,386
GARFIELD
WAHKIAKUM
COWLITZ 62
BENTON 3,527
WALLA WALLA 2,350
COLUMBIA 1,235
ASOTIN
SKAMANIA 79 KLICKITAT 1,088
CLARK 685
Miles 0 20 40
NDIC 2007012222PKB
Map 22. Outdoor Plants Seized in Washington, by County, 2005. 73

ARCHIVED
74
ARCHIVED
Product No. 2007-L0848-001
Map 23. Indoor Plants Seized in Washington, by County, 2006

WHATCOM 2,298
SAN JUAN
SKAGIT 484
ISLAND
OKANOGAN 185
FERRY
PEND OREILLE 31 STEVENS 1,650
CLALLAM 321
SNOHOMISH 1,488
JEFFERSON 406
CHELAN 51
DOUGLAS
LINCOLN 12 KITSAP 1,095 MASON 337 KING 17,618
SPOKANE 1,688
GRAYS HARBOR 250
KITTITAS 3 PIERCE 2,077
GRANT 128
ADAMS WHITMAN

(January through November 2006) 10,000 + 5,000 - 9,999 1,000 - 4,999 500 - 999 100 - 499
FRANKLIN
THURSTON 441
PACIFIC
LEWIS 193
YAKIMA GARFIELD
50 - 99 1 - 49 None reported
WAHKIAKUM
COLUMBIA
COWLITZ 47
BENTON
WALLA WALLA
ASOTIN 19
SKAMANIA 251
KLICKITAT
CLARK 1,366
jk
Miles 0 20 40
NDIC 2007012223PKB
Map 23. Indoor Plants Seized in Washington, by County, 2006. 75

ARCHIVED
76
ARCHIVED
Product No. 2007-L0848-001
Map 24. Indoor Plants Seized in Washington, by County, 2005

WHATCOM 338
SAN JUAN
SKAGIT 988
ISLAND
OKANOGAN 52
PEND OREILLE 141 FERRY 65 STEVENS 553
CLALLAM 311
SNOHOMISH 1,562
JEFFERSON 385
CHELAN 60 DOUGLAS 23 LINCOLN 28 KITSAP 949 MASON 1,893 KING 17,103 SPOKANE 2,358
GRAYS HARBOR
KITTITAS 100 PIERCE 2,005
GRANT 3

ADAMS
THURSTON 1,039
WHITMAN 1
10,000 + 5,000 - 9,999 1,000 - 4,999 500 - 999 100 - 499
PACIFIC
LEWIS 941
FRANKLIN
50 - 99
GARFIELD
YAKIMA 1,418 WAHKIAKUM 23 COWLITZ 58 BENTON 165

WALLA WALLA
1 - 49 None reported
COLUMBIA 7
ASOTIN 1
Source: Drug Enforcement Administration's Domestic Cannabis Eradication/Suppression Program.
SKAMANIA 102 KLICKITAT 67
CLARK 1,042
jk
Miles 0 20 40
NDIC 2007012224PKB
Map 24. Indoor Plants Seized in Washington, by County, 2005. 77

ARCHIVED
78
ARCHIVED
Product No. 2007-L0848-001
Map 25. Outdoor Plants Seized in Kentucky, by County, 2006

BOONE KENTONCAMPBELL
GALLATIN 213 CARROLL TRIMBLE 331 5,401 HENRY 264 OWEN 322 GRANT 533
PENDLETON 48
BRACKEN 354 MASON 232 GREENUP 15
OLDHAM
ROBERTSON 190 HARRISON 355 SCOTT 110
LEWIS 1,244
FLEMING
NICHOLAS 10
BOURBON ROWAN
CARTER 1,280
BOYD 36
JEFFERSON
SHELBY 650
FRANKLIN 475
FAYETTE
BATH 155 MONTGOMERY 35 CLARK MENIFEE 29 762 POWELL 914 MADISON 470 ESTILL 686 WOLFE 1,985 LEE 9,497 BREATHITT 29,847
ELLIOTT 11,402
MEADE 1,629 HENDERSON 54

UNION
BULLITT 242
SPENCER 87
ANDERSON 191
WOODFORD 331
LAWRENCE 232
MORGAN 353
HANCOCK 77 BRECKINRIDGE 2,629 DAVIESS 24
HARDIN 1,438 LARUE 4,709
NELSON MERCER 8,310 WASHINGTON 250 6,207 BOYLE 808
JESSAMINE 79
JOHNSON 3,679
MARTIN 26
MAGOFFIN 5,865 FLOYD 5,859
GARRARD 548
WEBSTER 381 CRITTENDEN 29 HOPKINS 3,781 LIVINGSTON 1,202 BALLARD 19

MCCRACKEN
MCLEAN 285
MARION 6,848
OHIO 794
GRAYSON 153 HART 5,129 TAYLOR 1,936 GREEN 3,381 ADAIR 2,379 WARREN 310 BARREN 743 METCALFE 5,798 RUSSELL 2,087 CASEY 1,622
LINCOLN 1,077 ROCKCASTLE 4,658
PIKE 10,549
JACKSON 2,308
OWSLEY 11,119 PERRY 30,344 CLAY 30,580
KNOTT 23,026
CALDWELL 7,439 LYON 132
MUHLENBERG 698
BUTLER 283
EDMONSON 2,118
PULASKI 2,020
LAUREL 1,210
LESLIE 37,848
LETCHER 35,814
CARLISLE 7 GRAVES 316
MARSHALL 227
TRIGG 111
CHRISTIAN 890
TODD 875
LOGAN 1,279 SIMPSON 750 ALLEN 241

CUMBERLAND
KNOX 48,670 WAYNE 24,327 CLINTON 11,620 MCCREARY 1,791 WHITLEY 20,188 BELL 39,877
HARLAN 12,737
HICKMAN
FULTON
CALLOWAY 575
MONROE 12,637

Miles 0 25 50 Source: Drug Enforcement Administration Domestic Cannabis Eradication/Suppression Program, U.S. Department of the Interior, and U.S. Department of Agriculture Forest Service.
NDIC 2007012525PKB
Map 25. Outdoor Plants Seized in Kentucky, by County, 2006. 79

ARCHIVED
80
ARCHIVED
Product No. 2007-L0848-001
Map 26. Outdoor Plants and Sites Seized in Kentucky, by County, 2006


Miles 0 25 50
Source: Drug Enforcement Administration Domestic Cannabis Eradication/Suppression Program, U.S. Department of the Interior, U.S. Department of Agriculture Forest Service, and Kentucky State Police.
NDIC 2007012526PKB
Map 26. Outdoor Plants and Sites Seized in Kentucky, by County, 2006. 81
ARCHIVED
82
ARCHIVED
Product No. 2007-L0848-001
Map 27. Outdoor Plants Seized in Kentucky, by County, 2005
BOONE KENTON CAMPBELL 37 58 31
GALLATIN 444 CARROLL TRIMBLE 412 5,189 OWEN 324 GRANT 150
PENDLETON BRACKEN 243 115 ROBERTSON 73 HARRISON 877 MASON 66 LEWIS 3,071 GREENUP 1,405
BOYD
OLDHAM 44
HENRY 389
JEFFERSON 367
SHELBY 309
FRANKLIN 558
SCOTT 279
NICHOLAS 151 BOURBON 64
FLEMING 92
CARTER 6,492 ROWAN 606
FAYETTE
BATH 625 MONTGOMERY 75
ELLIOTT 2,177
MEADE
BULLITT 2,406
SPENCER 84
ANDERSON 41
WOODFORD 164
CLARK
LAWRENCE 2,790
MENIFEE 14 POWELL 5,620
MORGAN 60
HENDERSON
HANCOCK 5 DAVIESS 113
BRECKINRIDGE 901
NELSON 6,900 HARDIN 272 LARUE 2,688
WASHINGTON 2,096
MERCER 241
JESSAMINE 37 MADISON 1,329
JOHNSON 1,589
MARTIN 308
UNION 54 WEBSTER 118
BOYLE 92 MARION 4,967
GARRARD 1,273
ESTILL 1,555 LEE 10,202
WOLFE 3,269
MAGOFFIN 4,913 FLOYD 8,320
MCLEAN
BREATHITT 29,003
OHIO 702
CRITTENDEN LIVINGSTON
GRAYSON 288 TAYLOR 6,257 GREEN 1,967 CASEY 15,123
LINCOLN 187 ROCKCASTLE 2,426
PIKE 12,286
JACKSON 973
OWSLEY 20,019 PERRY 41,181 CLAY 9,718
HOPKINS 2,084 CALDWELL 210 LYON 71 MUHLENBERG 643 BUTLER 339 EDMONSON 269
KNOTT 20,723
HART 202
BALLARD MCCRACKEN 97 75
ADAIR 5,791 WARREN 198 CHRISTIAN 199

TRIGG TODD
PULASKI 1,773 RUSSELL 3,039
LAUREL 3,997
LESLIE 22,821
LETCHER 20,587
CARLISLE
MARSHALL
BARREN 1,216
METCALFE 5,638
LOGAN 1,108 SIMPSON 1,026 ALLEN 1,118 MONROE 11,796 CUMBERLAND 2,725 CLINTON 5,671
KNOX 21,891 WAYNE 11,925 MCCREARY 175 WHITLEY 5,494 BELL 76,161
HARLAN 50,962
HICKMAN
GRAVES 21 CALLOWAY 343
FULTON 200

NDIC 2007012527PKB
Map 27. Outdoor Plants Seized in Kentucky, by County, 2005. 83

ARCHIVED
84
ARCHIVED
Product No. 2007-L0848-001
Map 28. Outdoor Plants and Sites Seized in Kentucky, by County, 2005

200,000 + 100,000 - 199,999 10,000 - 99,999 1,000 - 9,999 100 - 999 1 - 99 None reported

1 - 99 100 - 999 1,000 - 9,999 10,000 - 19,999 20,000 - 54,720 Public lands
Miles 0 25 50
Source: Drug Enforcement Administration Domestic Cannabis Eradication/Suppression Program, U.S. Department of the Interior, U.S. Department of Agriculture Forest Service, and Kentucky State Police.
NDIC 2007012528PKB
Map 28. Outdoor Plants and Sites Seized in Kentucky, by County, 2005. 85
ARCHIVED
86
ARCHIVED
Product No. 2007-L0848-001
Map 29. Indoor Plants Seized in Kentucky, by County, 2006
BOONE 27 KENTONCAMPBELL
GALLATIN CARROLL TRIMBLE OWEN HENRY OLDHAM GRANT
PENDLETON BRACKEN 19
MASON ROBERTSON HARRISON FLEMING NICHOLAS LEWIS
GREENUP 256
CARTER 2
ROWAN
BOYD
SCOTT SHELBY JEFFERSON FRANKLIN BOURBON BATH
ELLIOTT LAWRENCE
MEADE 124
HANCOCK HENDERSON
BULLITT 216
SPENCER 16
FAYETTE WOODFORD 83 ANDERSON
MONTGOMERY CLARK MENIFEE MORGAN JOHNSON POWELL MARTIN WOLFE ESTILL LEE
JESSAMINE
BRECKINRIDGE 6 DAVIESS 2 MCLEAN 27
NELSON 103 HARDIN 67 LARUE 62
MERCER WASHINGTON
MADISON 6
BOYLE GARRARD
MAGOFFIN 12
FLOYD PIKE
UNION WEBSTER
MARION LINCOLN TAYLOR
BREATHITT 3 JACKSON 24 ROCKCASTLE 10

OWSLEY KNOTT PERRY
OHIO 2
GRAYSON
CRITTENDEN 8
LIVINGSTON CALDWELL BALLARD MCCRACKEN LYON
HOPKINS
HART 2 MUHLENBERG 13
BUTLER EDMONSON
CASEY GREEN
ADAIR WARREN METCALFE RUSSELL
PULASKI 14
LAUREL 1
CLAY LESLIE
LETCHER
BARREN
CARLISLE
MARSHALL
CHRISTIAN
TRIGG 1
HICKMAN GRAVES
TODD
LOGAN
KNOX 10 SIMPSON 3
CUMBERLAND ALLEN MONROE CLINTON WAYNE MCCREARY WHITLEY BELL
HARLAN
FULTON
CALLOWAY 11

(January through November 2006) 10,000 + 5,000 - 9,999 1,000 - 4,999 500 - 999 100 - 499 50 - 99 1 - 49
Miles 0 25 50
None reported
NDIC 2007012529PKB
Map 29. Indoor Plants Seized in Kentucky, by County, 2006. 87

ARCHIVED
88
ARCHIVED
Product No. 2007-L0848-001
Map 30. Indoor Plants Seized in Kentucky, by County, 2005

BOONE KENTONCAMPBELL GALLATIN PENDLETON BRACKEN
TRIMBLE CARROLL 8 OWEN 1

HENRY OLDHAM
GRANT
33
MASON ROBERTSON HARRISON FLEMING BOYD CARTER NICHOLAS LEWIS
GREENUP 44
JEFFERSON
SHELBY 38
FRANKLIN 2
SCOTT 5
BOURBON BATH
ROWAN 2
ELLIOTT LAWRENCE
SPENCER
MEADE 1
HANCOCK
ANDERSON BULLITT
FAYETTE WOODFORD 8
CLARK
MONTGOMERY MENIFEE MORGAN JOHNSON POWELL WOLFE MADISON ESTILL LEE MARTIN
HENDERSON 63
UNION WEBSTER
BRECKINRIDGE
NELSON 10 HARDIN 24 LARUE 84 WASHINGTON 166
MERCER
JESSAMINE 18
DAVIESS 42
MAGOFFIN 11
FLOYD
BOYLE MCLEAN OHIO GRAYSON MARION
GARRARD
BREATHITT 2
LINCOLN
PIKE 13
CRITTENDEN LIVINGSTON
HOPKINS 3
MUHLENBERG BUTLER EDMONSON
TAYLOR 47
HART
JACKSON 4
ROCKCASTLE
OWSLEY
GREEN 3
CASEY 30
PERRY 160
KNOTT
BALLARD
MCCRACKEN LYON
CALDWELL 450 WARREN 39 CHRISTIAN 1

TRIGG TODD LOGAN
CLAY LAUREL
ADAIR 6
BARREN
PULASKI
LESLIE
LETCHER
CARLISLE
MARSHALL
METCALFE 147
RUSSELL 30
KNOX HARLAN
CUMBERLAND HICKMAN GRAVES CALLOWAY FULTON SIMPSON ALLEN MONROE
CLINTON 76
WAYNE 34
MCCREARY
WHITLEY
BELL

10,000 + 5,000 - 9,999 1,000 - 4,999 500 - 999 100 - 499 50 - 99 1 - 49
Miles 0 25 50
None reported
NDIC 2007012530PKB
Map 30. Indoor Plants Seized in Kentucky, by County, 2005. 89

ARCHIVED
90
ARCHIVED
Product No. 2007-L0848-001
Map 31. Outdoor Plants Seized in Tennessee, by County, 2006
STEWART 455 LAKE 1,695 OBION 1,010 WEAKLEY 1,839 HENRY 160
MONTGOMERY 52
ROBERTSON SUMNER
MACON
CLAY 2,411
PICKETT 18,006 FENTRESS 43,828 SCOTT 2,313 CAMPBELL 19,622
CLAIBORNE 6,915 UNION 456
HANCOCK HAWKINS
SULLIVAN JOHNSON
TROUSDALE
HOUSTON 1,230 BENTON 1,387 HUMPHREYS 1,548 DICKSON 240
JACKSON 4,041
OVERTON 2,888
WASHINGTON
CHEATHAM 1,016
DAVIDSON WILSON
SMITH 502 PUTNAM 16,632

DE KALB
GRAINGER 1,002
HAMBLEN GREENE UNICOI
CARTER
DYER 745 GIBSON 939 CARROLL 362
MORGAN 42,121 CUMBERLAND 88,919 ROANE 305
ANDERSON 2,630 KNOX 21
JEFFERSON 350 COCKE 12,783 SEVIER 6,975

BLOUNT
LAUDERDALE 207
CROCKETT
HICKMAN 27,853 MADISON 496 HENDERSON 23 DECATUR 744 PERRY 1,590 LEWIS 4,288
WILLIAMSON 312
WHITE 2,437
RUTHERFORD CANNON 352 89 WARREN 181,671 VAN BUREN 37,308 BLEDSOE 2,960 RHEA 768
LOUDON 45
HAYWOOD 307
TIPTON
MAURY 317 MARSHALL 378 BEDFORD 618

COFFEE
CHESTER 103 WAYNE 40,641
GRUNDY 26,757 HARDIN 1,471 LAWRENCE 26,553 GILES 458 MOORE 408 LINCOLN 777 FRANKLIN 1,817
SEQUATCHIE 10,846
MEIGS
MCMINN
MONROE 650
SHELBY
FAYETTE
HARDEMAN 203
MCNAIRY 215
MARION 362
HAMILTON 201
BRADLEY
POLK 2,401

NDIC 2007012331PKB
Map 31. Outdoor Plants Seized in Tennessee, by County, 2006. 91

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92
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Product No. 2007-L0848-001
Map 32. Outdoor Plants and Sites Seized in Tennessee, by County, 2006


Miles 0 25 50
Source: Drug Enforcement Administration Domestic Cannabis Eradication/Suppression Program, U.S. Department of the Interior, U.S. Department of Agriculture Forest Service, and Tennessee Bureau of Investigation.
NDIC 2007012332PKB
Map 32. Outdoor Plants and Sites Seized in Tennessee, by County, 2006. 93
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94
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Product No. 2007-L0848-001
Map 33. Outdoor Plants Seized in Tennessee, by County, 2005
STEWART 241 LAKE 777

OBION
MONTGOMERY 634
ROBERTSON 482
MACON
CLAY 10,918
PICKETT 12,413 SCOTT 1,341 CAMPBELL 18,365
SUMNER 255 TROUSDALE 375 JACKSON 1,724 OVERTON 250 FENTRESS 55,781
CLAIBORNE 4,334
HANCOCK 60
HAWKINS
SULLIVAN
JOHNSON 2
WEAKLEY 624
HENRY 1,762
HOUSTON 1,096 BENTON 1,801 DICKSON 1,520 HUMPHREYS 1,581
CHEATHAM 1,572
DAVIDSON
SMITH 267 WILSON 89 DE KALB 185 RUTHERFORD 42 CANNON 1,165

WARREN PUTNAM
UNION 6,156 ANDERSON 105 KNOX 2,197 ROANE 1,420
GRAINGER 1,291 HAMBLEN 4,275 JEFFERSON 14,607 COCKE 30,745 SEVIER 5,177
WASHINGTON 107 GREENE 6,500 UNICOI 8
CARTER 504
DYER 411 GIBSON 380 CARROLL 926
MORGAN 10,482 CUMBERLAND 88,961
LAUDERDALE
CROCKETT
WILLIAMSON 128 HICKMAN 14,645 MADISON 105 HENDERSON PERRY 90 DECATUR 6,390 211
WHITE 206
HAYWOOD 47
TIPTON
MAURY 273 LEWIS 3,511 MARSHALL 102
BEDFORD
VAN BUREN 31,851 BLEDSOE 6,867
LOUDON BLOUNT
RHEA 6,548 MCMINN 2,400 MONROE 3,928
CHESTER 229
COFFEE 86 GRUNDY 16,163 SEQUATCHIE 783

MEIGS
SHELBY
FAYETTE 103
HARDEMAN 185
MCNAIRY 954
HARDIN 1,840
WAYNE 24,697
LAWRENCE 15,371
MOORE
GILES 3,541
LINCOLN 235
FRANKLIN 1,295
MARION 618
HAMILTON 218
BRADLEY 1,200
POLK 981

NDIC 2007012333PKB
Map 33. Outdoor Plants Seized in Tennessee, by County, 2005. 95

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96
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Product No. 2007-L0848-001
Map 34. Outdoor Plants and Sites Seized in Tennessee, by County, 2005

200,000 + 100,000 - 199,999 10,000 - 99,999 1,000 - 9,999 100 - 999 1 - 99 None reported

1 - 99 100 - 999 1,000 - 9,999 10,000 - 19,999 20,000 - 54,720 Public lands
Miles 0 25 50
Source: Drug Enforcement Administration Domestic Cannabis Eradication/Suppression Program, U.S. Department of the Interior, U.S. Department of Agriculture Forest Service, and Tennessee Bureau of Investigation.
NDIC 2007012334PKB
Map 34. Outdoor Plants and Sites Seized in Tennessee, by County, 2005. 97
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98
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Product No. 2007-L0848-001
Map 35. Indoor Plants Seized in Tennessee, by County, 2005
STEWART OBION WEAKLEY HENRY HOUSTON
MONTGOMERY 33
ROBERTSON SUMNER
MACON
CLAY
PICKETT CLAIBORNE SCOTT
HANCOCK
SULLIVAN JOHNSON HAWKINS WASHINGTON
LAKE
TROUSDALE CHEATHAM SMITH DICKSON DAVIDSON WILSON
JACKSON
OVERTON
FENTRESS
CAMPBELL 9
UNION GRAINGER HAMBLEN
CARTER
GREENE DYER GIBSON CARROLL WILLIAMSON LAUDERDALE CROCKETT HICKMAN RUTHERFORD CANNON LOUDON HAYWOOD TIPTON CHESTER MADISON HENDERSON DECATUR PERRY LEWIS MARSHALL GRUNDY MOORE LAWRENCE GILES LINCOLN FRANKLIN MARION HAMILTON BRADLEY POLK MEIGS SEQUATCHIE WARREN MAURY BEDFORD VAN BUREN BLEDSOE COFFEE MCMINN MONROE RHEA BLOUNT PUTNAM MORGAN UNICOI ANDERSON JEFFERSON DE KALB WHITE CUMBERLAND ROANE SEVIER KNOX BENTON
HUMPHREYS
COCKE 611
SHELBY
FAYETTE
HARDEMAN MCNAIRY
WAYNE HARDIN

10,000 + 5,000 - 9,999 1,000 - 4,999 500 - 999 100 - 499 50 - 99 1 - 49 None reported
Miles 0 25 50 Source: Drug Enforcement Administration Domestic Cannabis Eradication/Suppression Program.
NDIC 2007012335PKB
Map 35. Indoor Plants Seized in Tennessee, by County, 2005. 99

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100
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Product No. 2007-L0848-001
HANCOCK
BROOKE
Map 36. Outdoor Plants Seized in West Virginia, by County, 2006
OHIO
MARSHALL
MONONGALIA WETZEL MARION TYLER PRESTON MINERAL PLEASANTS TAYLOR DODDRIDGE WOOD RITCHIE BARBOUR TUCKER GRANT HARRISON HAMPSHIRE JEFFERSON BERKELEY MORGAN
WIRT
GILMER 780
JACKSON CALHOUN
LEWIS 197
UPSHUR
HARDY
MASON 1,542
ROANE
RANDOLPH
BRAXTON 753
PENDLETON
PUTNAM
CABELL 491 KANAWHA 6,027
CLAY 4,543
WEBSTER
POCAHONTAS NICHOLAS
WAYNE 12,906
LINCOLN 686
BOONE 3,299
FAYETTE GREENBRIER

LOGAN 9,709 MINGO 4,221

WYOMING RALEIGH
SUMMERS
MONROE 17,505
MCDOWELL 1,150
MERCER
Miles 0
NDIC 2007012436PKB
25
50
Map 36. Outdoor Plants Seized in West Virginia, by County, 2006. 101
ARCHIVED
102
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Product No. 2007-L0848-001
HANCOCK
BROOKE
Map 37. Outdoor Plants and Sites Seized in West Virginia, by County, 2006
OHIO
MARSHALL
WIRT
GILMER 780
JACKSON CALHOUN
LEWIS 197
UPSHUR
HARDY
MASON 1,542
ROANE
RANDOLPH
BRAXTON 753
PENDLETON
PUTNAM
CABELL 491 KANAWHA 6,027
CLAY 4,543
WEBSTER

POCAHONTAS NICHOLAS
WAYNE 12,906
LINCOLN 686
BOONE 3,299
FAYETTE GREENBRIER

(January through September 2006) 1 - 99 100 - 999 1,000 - 9,999 10,000 - 19,999 20,000 - 54,720
LOGAN 9,709 MINGO 4,221

WYOMING RALEIGH
SUMMERS
MONROE 17,505
Public lands
Source: Drug Enforcement Administration Domestic Cannabis Eradication/Suppression Program, U.S. Department of the Interior, U.S. Department of Agriculture Forest Service, and West Virginia National Guard. 50
MCDOWELL 1,150
MERCER
Miles 0
NDIC 2007012437PKB
25
Map 37. Outdoor Plants and Sites Seized in West Virginia, by County, 2006. 103
ARCHIVED
104
ARCHIVED
Product No. 2007-L0848-001
HANCOCK 9
BROOKE
Map 38. Outdoor Plants Seized in West Virginia, by County, 2005
OHIO
MARSHALL 188
WETZEL 38
TYLER
MONONGALIA
MORGAN 14
MARION
PRESTON 1 MINERAL 46
BERKELEY 31
PLEASANTS 83 DODDRIDGE 105

HARRISON
TAYLOR
HAMPSHIRE
JEFFERSON 9
WOOD
RITCHIE 1,186 WIRT 595
BARBOUR 838 LEWIS 52 UPSHUR 90 RANDOLPH 80 BRAXTON 69
TUCKER 441
GRANT
HARDY
GILMER 43 MASON 2,016 JACKSON 3,971 ROANE 192 CALHOUN 188
PENDLETON
PUTNAM 114
CABELL
CLAY 581 KANAWHA 8,512 NICHOLAS 49
WEBSTER
POCAHONTAS 180
WAYNE 7,531
LINCOLN 1,382
BOONE 3,948
FAYETTE 473 GREENBRIER 1,155

LOGAN 8,254 MINGO 1,284 WYOMING 2,024 RALEIGH 805
SUMMERS 203
MONROE 143
MCDOWELL 9,363
MERCER 472
Miles 0
NDIC 2007012438PKB
25
50
Map 38. Outdoor Plants Seized in West Virginia, by County, 2005. 105
ARCHIVED
106
ARCHIVED
Product No. 2007-L0848-001
Map 39. Outdoor Plants and Sites Seized in West Virginia, by County, 2005

200,000 + 100,000 - 199,999 10,000 - 99,999 1,000 - 9,999 100 - 999 1 - 99 None reported

1 - 99 100 - 999 1,000 - 9,999 10,000 - 19,999 20,000 - 54,720 Public lands
Source: Drug Enforcement Administration Domestic Cannabis Eradication/Suppression Program, U.S. Department of the Interior, U.S. Department of Agriculture Forest Service, and West Virginia National Guard. 50
Miles 0
NDIC 2007012439PKB
25
Map 39. Outdoor Plants and Sites Seized in West Virginia, by County, 2005. 107
ARCHIVED
108
ARCHIVED
Product No. 2007-L0848-001
HANCOCK
BROOKE
Map 40. Indoor Plants Seized in West Virginia, by County, 2006
OHIO
MARSHALL
WIRT LEWIS HARDY UPSHUR
GILMER 306
JACKSON CALHOUN
MASON 6
ROANE BRAXTON
RANDOLPH
PENDLETON
PUTNAM WEBSTER CABELL CLAY
KANAWHA 845
NICHOLAS LINCOLN WAYNE
POCAHONTAS
BOONE 5
FAYETTE GREENBRIER

(January through November 2006) 10,000 + 5,000 - 9,999 1,000 - 4,999 500 - 999 100 - 499 50 - 99 1 - 49 None reported
Source: Drug Enforcement Administration Domestic Cannabis Eradication/Suppression Program. Miles 0 25 50
LOGAN 3
RALEIGH MINGO
WYOMING
SUMMERS MONROE
MCDOWELL
MERCER
NDIC 2007012438PKB
Map 40. Indoor Plants Seized in West Virginia, by County, 2006. 109
ARCHIVED
110
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Product No. 2007-L0848-001
HANCOCK 2
BROOKE
Map 41. Indoor Plants Seized in West Virginia, by County, 2005
OHIO
MARSHALL
WETZEL 20
TYLER
MONONGALIA
MORGAN 4
MARION PRESTON MINERAL
BERKELEY 31 HAMPSHIRE 24
PLEASANTS TAYLOR DODDRIDGE WOOD RITCHIE
HARRISON 10
JEFFERSON 52
BARBOUR 2
WIRT
TUCKER 10
GRANT
LEWIS 128
GILMER UPSHUR
HARDY
JACKSON MASON ROANE
CALHOUN
RANDOLPH 4
BRAXTON
PENDLETON 64
PUTNAM 67
CABELL CLAY
WEBSTER
KANAWHA 135
NICHOLAS LINCOLN WAYNE
POCAHONTAS
BOONE
FAYETTE 20 GREENBRIER 65

10,000 + 5,000 - 9,999 1,000 - 4,999 500 - 999 100 - 499 50 - 99 1 - 49 None reported
Source: Drug Enforcement Administration Domestic Cannabis Eradication/Suppression Program. 50
LOGAN
MINGO
RALEIGH 205
WYOMING
SUMMERS MONROE
MCDOWELL
MERCER
Miles 0
NDIC 2007012441PKB
25
Map 41. Indoor Plants Seized in West Virginia, by County, 2005. 111
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Product No. 2007-L0848-001
Sources
Federal
Executive Office of the President Office of National Drug Control Policy High Intensity Drug Trafficking Areas Appalachia Arizona Demand Reduction Office Post Seizure Analysis Team Atlanta Central Florida Central Valley California Marijuana Investigative Team Chicago Gulf Coast Hawaii Houston Lake County Los Angeles Michigan Milwaukee Nevada New England New York/New Jersey Northern California North Florida North Texas Northwest Ohio Oregon Philadelphia/Camden Puerto Rico/U.S. Virgin Islands Rocky Mountain South Florida Southwest Border Washington/Baltimore National Marijuana Initiative U.S. Department of Agriculture Forest Service National Forest System
113
ARCHIVED
U.S. Department of Health and Human Services University of Mississippi Potency Monitoring Project U.S. Department of Homeland Security Immigration and Customs Enforcement U.S. Department of Justice Bureau of Alcohol, Tobacco, Firearms and Explosives Criminal Division Organized Crime Drug Enforcement Task Force Drug Enforcement Administration Atlanta Field Division Boston Field Division Caribbean Field Division Chicago Field Division Dallas Field Division Denver Field Division Detroit Field Division Domestic Cannabis Eradication/Suppression Program El Paso Field Division El Paso Intelligence Center Houston Field Division Los Angeles Field Division Miami Field Division Newark Field Division New Orleans Field Division New York Field Division Philadelphia Field Division Phoenix Field Division San Diego Field Division San Francisco Field Division Sacramento District Office Seattle Field Division St. Louis Field Division Washington, D.C., Field Division Executive Office for U.S. Attorneys U.S. Attorneys Offices Federal Bureau of Investigation U.S. Department of the Interior Bureau of Indian Affairs Bureau of Land Management Bureau of Reclamation National Park Service U.S. Fish and Wildlife Service
114
ARCHIVED
Product No. 2007-L0848-001
State
Alabama Alabama Bureau of Investigation Marijuana Eradication Program Alabama National Guard Arizona Arizona Department of Public Safety Arizona State Land Department Gila County Task Force Maricopa County Sheriffs Office Phoenix Police Department Arkansas Arkansas State Police California California Department of Justice Bureau of Narcotic Enforcement Campaign Against Marijuana Planting Narcotic Information Network California National Guard California Secretary of State Connecticut Southington Police Department Florida Domestic Marijuana Eradication Program Florida National Guard Office of Agricultural Law Enforcement Florida Department of Agricultural and Consumer Services Florida Department of Law Enforcement Miami-Dade Police Department Port St. Lucie Police Department Kentucky Kentucky State Police Marijuana Suppression Unit
115
ARCHIVED
Oregon Oregon Department of Justice Tennessee Lafayette Police Department Tennessee Bureau of Investigation Governors Task Force for Marijuana Eradication Tennessee Judicial Drug Task Forces 15th Judicial District Task Force Trousdale County Sheriffs Office Texas Texas Department of Public Safety Domestic Marijuana Eradication Program Washington Valley Narcotics Enforcement Team Washington State Patrol West Virginia West Virginia Army National Guard West Virginia State Police Bureau of Criminal Investigations Canada Government of Ontario Department of Justice Canada Legislative Assembly of Ontario Montreal Police Department Royal Canadian Mounted Police
116
ARCHIVED
Product No. 2007-L0848-001
117
ARCHIVED
Cover photos: BNE, NDIC, and Southington Connecticut Police Department
031007
319 Washington Street 5th Floor, Johnstown, PA 15901-1622 (814) 532-4601 NDIC publications are available on the following web sites: ADNET http://ndicosa LEO home.leo.gov/lesig/ndic RISS ndic.riss.net INTERNET www.usdoj.gov/ndic

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