PSC 1351 Chapters 1 — 2 Review (6" Edition) Chapter 1 1. Basic Systems of Units, System of Units Length Time Mass Force Metric (S.1.) meter (m) second (sec) kilogram (kg) Newton (N) gs. centimeter (cm) second (sec) gram (g) dyne (d) English foot (ft) second (sec) slugs!) Pound (Ib) 2. Density a) Mass Density: p= M/V (ratio of mass to volume of a body) Units: (kg/m?) metric; or (gm/cm*) ogs Example: for water: p = 1000 kg/m? metric; or 1.0 gm/cm? cgs b) Weight Density: D = W/V (ratio of weight to volume of body) Units: (Ib/#) English; or (N/m?) metric Example: for water: D_ = 62.4 Ib/f? English Chapter 2 1. Classification of Physical Quantities. Scalars: Those that may be described by giving their magnitude. Examples: area, volume, speed, temperature, mass, energy. Vectors: Those that require both magnitude and direction to be completely described. Examples: displacement, velocity, acceleration, force. Tensors: Those that require a matrix to be completely specified. Ex.: stress, strain 2. Motion Along a Straight Line. a) Three questions need to be answered to describe the motion of a body: At any instant of time, what is the body's. 1) acceleration? 2) velocity? 3) position? Location of a body as measured from a fixed origin. Rate of change of a body’s position, It is a vector. v(av) = (AwAt) (distance traveled divided by time) Acceleration: Rate of change of a body's velocity. It is a vector. a(av) = (Av/At) (change in velocity divided by time) b) Units, Distance: 1 km = 1000 m; 1 mile = $280 ft = 1.61 km1/3.6) (aw/sec) = 0.2778 (1n/sec) 4667 (fu/sec) Acceleration Metric: (mm/sec); English: (fU/sec*) ©) Constant Velocity Motion A=0 V=Vo (a constant) X=VoT A v x “ TSlepe= Vo e T . T d) Constant Acceleration A=Ao — (aconstant) V=Vo + AoT X=VoT + 4 AoT? A Vv < ¢) Vector Addition Zz y Pythagorean Theorem: A = \/Az + x act 3. Force ‘A push or pull that tends to produce motion when applied to a body. It is a vector. 4. Free Body Diagram A diagram that isolates a body and shows all forces acting on itaoe 5. Projectile Motion / Compound Motion Horizontal and vertical motions occur simultaneously and independently of each other. Horizontal motion occurs at constant velocity and vertical motion occurs at constant acceleration. Ns 18 6. Acceleration of Gravity g=9.8 (m/sec?) or g=32.2 (fi/sec*) It is constant for all falling objects, as long as the force of air resistance is small in comparison with the object's weight. 7. Inertia: Property of a body that tends to oppose any change in the body's state of motion Mass: A measure of a body's inertia. (Units: kg (metric); gm (cgs); slugs (Engl.) 8. Newton's Laws of Motion. First Law: A body at rest or moving at constant velocity will keep its state of motion indefinitely, unless it is acted upon by a net Second Law: Ifa body of mass m is acted upon by a net force, F, then the body will accelerate in the direction of F such that: a=(F/m) or, F=ma Third Law: If body A exerts force F on body B, then body B exerts an equal and opposite force, -F, on body A. Action-reaction forces never act on the same body, 9. Mass and Weight Relation: W = mg (where g = 9.8 m/s? or 32.2 ft/s?) 10. Linear Momentum: If a body of mass m moves with velocity v, then its linear momentum is: p = my ; it is a vector. (Units: kg.m/sec (metric); sl. ft/sec (English))