Organization of the Nervous System

Lesson 2

The Central Nervous System

CNS Brain Spinal cord ~

Peripheral Nervous System

Somatic Nervous System - SNS

Sensory & Motor Sympathetic Division Parasympathetic Division

Autonomic Nervous System - ANS

Cranial Nerves - 12 Pair Spinal Nerves - 31 Pair ~

Divisions of the Brain

Different schemes Forebrain, midbrain, hindbrain 5 major subdivisions Forebrain 1. Telencephalon 2. Diencephalon ~

Divisions of the Brain

Midbrain 3. Mesencephalon Hindbrain 4. Metencephalon 5. Myelencephalon ~

In reference to the BRAIN

Dorsal Superior

Terminology

Anterior
Rostral Ventral Inferior

Posterior
Caudal

Brainstem & spinal cord

Superior Rostral Ventral Anterior Dorsal Posterior

Caudal Inferior

Neural Axis

Terminology
Medial - toward the midline Lateral - away from the midline Ipsilateral - same side Contralateral - opposite side Decussate - crossover ~

Terminology

Afferent - toward Sensory Efferent - away from Motor ~

Telencephalon
Cortical areas Fiber systems Landmarks Fissures /Sulci Lobes Gyri ~
Superior surface

Gyri

The Meninges
Tough connective tissue Dura mater - tough outer layer Arachnoid membrane Subarachnoid space Cerebrospinal Fluid (CSF) Pia mater - soft inner layer, next to brain ~

The Meninges
Dura mater Arachnoid membrane Subarachnoid space Pia mater CSF

Brain

Ventricular System
4 interconnected ventricles chambers Cerebrospinal Fluid (CSF) manufactured in choroid plexus 125 ml, t1/2 = 3 hrs Hydrocephalus blockage of CSF flow ~

Ventricular System
Lateral Ventricles Third Ventricle Cerebral Aqueduct Fourth Ventricle Central Canal

LV

LV
3rd

4th