ENGI 8673 Subsea Pipeline Engineering

Lecture 02: Pipeline Systems Engineering and Routing Considerations

Shawn Kenny, Ph.D., P.Eng. Assistant Professor Faculty of Engineering and Applied Science Memorial University of Newfoundland spkenny@engr.mun.ca

Lecture 02 Objective

To provide an overview of subsea pipeline systems engineering and key factors in pipeline routing

2008 S. Kenny, Ph.D., P.Eng.

ENGI 8673 Subsea Pipeline Engineering Lecture 02

Pipeline Systems Primary Function

Product Transport

Liquid hydrocarbons Natural gas Natural gas liquids Water Chemicals Product type Delivery rate Operating pressure Distance from field development to market Current and future demand/capacity
2008 S. Kenny, Ph.D., P.Eng. ENGI 8673 Subsea Pipeline Engineering Lecture 02

Key Elements

Pipeline Transportation Systems

Flowlines

Field development to a subsea manifold or production facility Connecting multiple flowlines to a production facility Transport from a production facility to domestic or international market
2008 S. Kenny, Ph.D., P.Eng. ENGI 8673 Subsea Pipeline Engineering Lecture 02

Gathering Lines

Export Pipeline

Project Phases

2008 S. Kenny, Ph.D., P.Eng.

ENGI 8673 Subsea Pipeline Engineering Lecture 02

Systematic Approach

Management

Project execution plan Development plan Design basis Safety plan Project summary Economic benefits plan Environmental impact assessment Socio-economic impact assessment

Technical

Auxiliary

2008 S. Kenny, Ph.D., P.Eng.

ENGI 8673 Subsea Pipeline Engineering Lecture 02

Project Execution Plan

Overview

Early stage, live document, project wide Client objectives, drivers and risk tolerance Project scope and deliverables Organizational hierarchy, roles and responsibilities Execution strategies for engineering, quality, procurement, construction, commissioning and safety Project schedule Integrated communication protocols and decision making processes
2008 S. Kenny, Ph.D., P.Eng. ENGI 8673 Subsea Pipeline Engineering Lecture 02

Primary Components

Design Basis

Overview

Early stage, live document, project wide Clear, complete and authoritative reference Pipeline system overview Operational parameters Environmental and physical data Materials engineering Design issues and constraints Design methodology and philosophy
2008 S. Kenny, Ph.D., P.Eng. ENGI 8673 Subsea Pipeline Engineering Lecture 02

Primary Components

Major Design Issues

Product Characterization Route Selection Materials Selection Hydraulic Analysis Mechanical Design Coatings Components and Assemblies Constructability and Intervention Operation, Inspection and Repair Decommissioning and Abandonment
2008 S. Kenny, Ph.D., P.Eng. ENGI 8673 Subsea Pipeline Engineering Lecture 02

Major Cost Factors

Linepipe Tonnage

Material Transportation Length Alignment &

heading changes

Ref: SEIC (2005)

Example

US$25k / WT(mm)-D(m)-L(km) 762mm OD; 100km; 17.1mm22.2mm WT US$10M differential

2008 S. Kenny, Ph.D., P.Eng. ENGI 8673 Subsea Pipeline Engineering Lecture 02

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Major Cost Factors (cont.)

Vessel Selection

Castoro Sei

Performance Water depth range Tension limits Alignment, heading angle Stinger change-out Platform, landfall approach Crossings, interactions Monitored, restricted lay operations
2008 S. Kenny, Ph.D., P.Eng.

Construction Vessel Time

Ref: Saipem (2006)

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ENGI 8673 Subsea Pipeline Engineering Lecture 02

Major Cost Factors (cont.)

Route Intervention Activities

Dredging Trenching Pre-sweeping Rock dumping Span correction

Ref: Saipem (2006)

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2008 S. Kenny, Ph.D., P.Eng.

ENGI 8673 Subsea Pipeline Engineering Lecture 02

Route Selection Overview

Pipeline Route Characterization

Landfall and platform approaches Length, kilometer post and intermediate stations Changes in alignment and elevation profile

System Environment Characterization

Political and social factors Physical and environmental factors Engineered systems

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2008 S. Kenny, Ph.D., P.Eng.

ENGI 8673 Subsea Pipeline Engineering Lecture 02

Route Selection Critical Activity

Upfront Planning and Assessment

Desk study Ounce of prevention >> pound of cure Utilize available resources Regulator and operator experience & lessons learned Government departments & agencies New technologies, data acquisition & historical archives Uncertainty Prioritize and plan for engineering surveys

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2008 S. Kenny, Ph.D., P.Eng.

ENGI 8673 Subsea Pipeline Engineering Lecture 02

Route Selection Politics

Landfall and Platform Approaches

Ref: Saipem (2006)

Ref: Lanan (2007)

Ref: BHP (2005)

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2008 S. Kenny, Ph.D., P.Eng.

ENGI 8673 Subsea Pipeline Engineering Lecture 02

Route Selection Politics

Regional and International Scope

Political, civil or military instability Jurisdictions & regulations Archaeological, historical significance Examples

Ref: Saipem (2006)

Black Sea Europipe OmanIndia Medgaz Vancouver Island & Georgia Strait

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2008 S. Kenny, Ph.D., P.Eng.

ENGI 8673 Subsea Pipeline Engineering Lecture 02

Route Selection Remote Sensing

Ref: Hansen (2005)

Ref: Google (2005)

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2008 S. Kenny, Ph.D., P.Eng.

ENGI 8673 Subsea Pipeline Engineering Lecture 02

Route Selection Existing Data

Ref: EnCana (2002)

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2008 S. Kenny, Ph.D., P.Eng.

ENGI 8673 Subsea Pipeline Engineering Lecture 02

Route Selection Sensitive Areas

Environmental

Significant or sensitive ecosystem

Wetlands, estuaries,
northern environments
Resident habitat Breeding grounds Migration patterns

Cumulative effects
Ref: EnCana (2002)

Military Zones
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Route Selection Seabed Characteristics Bathymetry & Slope Soil Properties

Type Index & strength Spatial distribution

Ref: BCOG (2001)

F
Ref: NOAA (2005)

W 20
2008 S. Kenny, Ph.D., P.Eng.

ENGI 8673 Subsea Pipeline Engineering Lecture 02

Route Selection Seabed Characteristics

Significant Features

Ref: Hydro (2005) Ref: Hansen (2005)

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2008 S. Kenny, Ph.D., P.Eng.

ENGI 8673 Subsea Pipeline Engineering Lecture 02

Route Selection Seabed Characteristics

Seabed Mobility
Sediment transport Sandwave migration Scour

Ref: Heap (2004)

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2008 S. Kenny, Ph.D., P.Eng.

ENGI 8673 Subsea Pipeline Engineering Lecture 02

Route Selection Seabed Hazards

Seismic

Faulting Liquefaction Slides Spreads Falls Flows Shallow gas

Ref: BCOG (2001)

Mass

Subsurface

Pockmarks Subsidence Pinnacles

Ref: Trifunac et al. (2002)

Subsea vents

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2008 S. Kenny, Ph.D., P.Eng.

ENGI 8673 Subsea Pipeline Engineering Lecture 02

Route Selection Physical Environment

Currents

Ref: NASA (2005)

Systems, tidal, delta, loop Surface Wind induced Shallow water, breaking Bathymetry, refraction, Internal Pycnocline [density]

Waves

wave crest orthogonality

(water temp., salinity)

ENGI 8673 Subsea Pipeline Engineering Lecture 02

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2008 S. Kenny, Ph.D., P.Eng.

Route Selection Physical Environment

Seabed Use and Obstacles

Oil and gas industry developments Communications Mobile and fixed gear fishing zones Shipping traffic lanes Military exercise zones Military/civilian dumping grounds Mining, dredging zones Expected or anticipated future operations, developments Shipwrecks
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Route Selection Physical Environment

Unique Features Ice Gouging

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2008 S. Kenny, Ph.D., P.Eng.

ENGI 8673 Subsea Pipeline Engineering Lecture 02

Route Selection Physical Environment

Unique Features Ice Gouging

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2008 S. Kenny, Ph.D., P.Eng.

ENGI 8673 Subsea Pipeline Engineering Lecture 02

Route Selection Physical Environment

Unique Features Strudel Scour

Ref: MMS (2005)

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2008 S. Kenny, Ph.D., P.Eng.

ENGI 8673 Subsea Pipeline Engineering Lecture 02

Route Selection Physical Environment

Unique Features Permafrost

Ref: NRCan (2005)

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2008 S. Kenny, Ph.D., P.Eng.

ENGI 8673 Subsea Pipeline Engineering Lecture 02

Reading List
1.

Chaudhuri, J and Nash, I. (2005). Medgaz: the ultra-deep pipeline. Pipeline World, June, 10p. [2005_Pipeline_World_06_Medgaz_Pipe line.pdf]

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ENGI 8673 Subsea Pipeline Engineering Lecture 02

References

BCOG (2001). BC Offshore Oil & Gas Technology Update. JWEL Project No. BCV50229, October 19, 2001 BHP (2005). http://www.bhpbilliton.com EnCana (2002). Development Plan Revised Volume 2, Deep Panuke Offshore Gas Development Project, 142p. Google (2005). earth.google.com Hansen, B. (2005). How Hydros Ormen Lange Project Can Contribute to the Development of the Russian Arctic. Proc., IBC Arctic Oil and Gas Development Conference, Challenges and Opportunities The Technology Solution, London, UK. Heap, A. (2004). Shifting sands the clue to the vanishing seagrasses. AusGEO, 75 September, p.32-34. Hydro (2005). http://www.hydro.com/ormenlange/en Lanan, G. (2007). Offshore Arctic Pipeline Operations. Proc., IBC Offshore Oil and Gas in Arctic and Cold Waters Conference, Stavanger, Norway Saipem (2006). http://www.saipem.eni.it/index.asp SEIC (2005). http://www.sakhalinenergy.com/ Trifunac, M.D., A. Hayir and M.I. Todorovska (2002) Was Grand Banks event of 1929 a slump spreading in two directions? Soil Dynamics and Earthquake Engineering, 22, pp.349-360. MMS (2005). www.mms.gov NASA (2005). http://eol.jsc.nasa.gov/ NOAA (2005). Office of Oceanic and Atmospheric Research, National Oceanic and Atmospheric Administration, US Department of Commerce, http://www.oar.noaa.gov/ NRCan (2005). http://www.nrcan.gc.ca/inter/index_e.html
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